新目标八下unit8知识点总结及单元练习题（含答案）

1、Unit 8Why dont you get her a scarf?【单元目标】单词与短语suggestion chooseenter advantage receivebesidescomment encourage present trendyspecial album personalinstead mouseperfect company asleep progressbenchSwedennative nearly fall asleep 入睡give away 赠送rather than 胜于hear of 听说suggest v. 提议；建议take an interest i

2、n 对感兴趣make friends with 与交友目标句型：1. What should I get for sb?2. How about sth./doing sth.?3. How do you like sth.? 4. What about sth./doing sth.?5. Why dont you buy/get?6. Why not buy/get?7. Theyre too expensive/cheap/personal8. Great!/Good idea!/OK. Ill get/buy9. My best gift is 10. Its good for sb.

3、 to11. It can make sb.重点句型1. Why dont sb. do sth.?2. How about结构3. tooto结构【重点词汇】1. improve 作不及物动词，表示“改进，改善” His work is improving slowly. 他的工作提高得很慢。 His health is improving. 他的健康正在好转。 也可作及物动词，表示“使某物改进，改善”。 He studies harder to improve his English. 他更加努力提高英语水平了。 This is not good enough. I want to imp

4、rove it. 这还不够好，我要加以改进。2. remember v. 记住，记起 I cant remember your name. 我记不起你的名字。 As far as I can remember，this is the third time weve met. 我记得这是我们第三次会面了。 remember doing sth表示“记得做某事”；动名词doing具有完成的意义 I remember taking (having taken) the medicine at the right time. 我记得已按时服过药了。（吃过了） remember to do sth表示“

5、记住去做某事”；不定式to do表示未做的动作 I remember to take the medicine at the right time. 我记住要按照服药。（还没吃）3. tooto，这个短语虽然是肯定的形式，但是表达的是否定的意思：“太以至于（不能）”。 He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作了。 The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry. 这箱子太重，小女孩搬不动。 如在too前面或者后面有否定词not，则整个句子表达肯定。 This question is not too difficult

6、to answer. 这道题不太难回答。 He is too clever not to see that. 他很聪明，不会不懂这一点。4. spendon在上花（时间或金钱） He spends a lot of money on books. 他花许多钱买书。 I spend half an hour on my homework every day. 我每天要花费半小时做作业。 I always spend weekends with my family. 我经常和我的家人一起过周末。 spend(in) doingsth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事。 The government wil

7、l spend money looking after the patients.政府要花钱去照料那些病人5. instead 代替，替代 作副词，常放在句首或句末 Its too hot to walk，well go swimming instead. 太热不宜散步，我们改去游泳。 The girl stopped watching TV，she danced instead now. 那个女孩不看电视了，而去跳舞了。 He is tired，let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。 instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示“代替，而不是”。 Hell go t

8、o Italy instead of France. 他要去意大利而不去法国。 Ill go instead of him. 我将代替他去。 He played the whole afternoon instead of doing his homework. 他玩了一下午而没做作业。6. touch 触，碰 The branches of the tree touched the water. 树枝碰到了水面。 Visitors are not allowed to touch the exhibits. 参观者请勿触摸展览品。 Dont touch that pot；its very h

9、ot. 不要摸那口锅，它很烫。常用短语：in touch with有联系；对某事熟悉lose touch 失去联系，停止联系out of touch无联系；生疏7. native 本地的，本族的，本国的Chinese is our native language.汉语是我们的母语。Its a native fruit.这是一种当地产的水果。ones native country / land 本国，祖国native place 出生地ones native language 本国语，本族语反义词：foreign 外国的；外交的；外国产的；外来的8. increase 增加，增大，增多 Trav

10、el increases ones knowledge of the world. 旅游提高一个人对世界的认识。 He increased the size of his farm year by year. 他逐年扩大他的农场规模。 The population of this town has increased by 5 percent. 这个镇的人口已经增长了5%。 常用短语： increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到9. support 支持；继续；养活 He has a large family to support. 他有一大家子人要养活。 He was s

11、upported home by the man. 他被那个人扶回了家。 support还可作名词，表示“拥护；支持” There is strong public support for the change. 公众大力支持这一变革。10. enough意为“充足，足够”enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词等，通常置于被修饰语之后。I dont know him well enough to ask him for help.我和他不够熟悉，不好请他帮忙。This room is big enough for five of us to live in. 这房间给我们5个人住够大

12、了。enough还可作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。Do you have enough time? 你的时间够用吗？We have money enough to buy the house.我们有足够的钱买这所房子。11. take care of 表示“照顾，照料，爱惜”是及物的动词短语。During the illness of their mother the children were taken care of by a neighbor.在孩子们的母亲患病期间，他们由一位邻居照顾。A good car should last you a long

13、 time if you take care of it.如果你爱惜的话，一部好汽车会让你长时间使用。She ought to take care of her health more than she does.她该比现在更注意健康。【重难点分析】1. Why dont you do sth.? 这是给别人提建议，建议某人做什么事情的句型。 Why don't we come more often? 咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?' Why don't you do it this way? 为什么不用这种方法做呢? Why don't you have anot

14、her try? 为什么不再试一次呢? Why dont you buy a book for your father? 给你爸爸买本书怎么样？ 这个句子还可以写成Why not do? Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她买个相机呢？ 这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。 Why dont you have a drink of tea? 请喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?2. How/What about? 表示“怎么样/好吗？” 这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词，它后面要接名词或者doing。

15、How about his playing football? 他足球踢得怎么样？ What about swimming with us? 和我们一起游泳怎么样？ How about her English? 她的英语怎样？3. When did Joe get it? 乔是什么时候收到的礼物？ On his sixth birthday. 在他6岁生日时。(1)on ones birthday表示“在某人的岁生日时”，要用序数词。 On his tenth birthday，his parents gave him a new bike as birthday present. 在他10岁

16、生日那天，他的父母给他买了一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。(2)介词on表示“在具体的某一天或某一天的上、下午”。 We will have a party on Christmas Day. 圣诞节那天，我们将要举行一个晚会。4. Is it someone in your family? 是你家里的什么人吗? 句中it用来确指身份不明的人。 -Who is it? 是谁呀? -It's me，Mary 是我，玛丽。 -Who is at the door? 谁在门口? -It's the postman 是邮递员。(主语是who，身份不明，故用it指代) Mr Smith is

17、 at the doorHe wants to see you 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。(主语是Mr Smith，身份明确，故用he指代)5. The movie was boring，I fell asleep half way through it.这部电影令人厌烦。在放映了一半时我就睡着了。(1)boring表示“令人厌烦的”，bored表示“厌烦的” The book was boring. When he read the book，he felt bored.这本书很令人厌烦。当他读的时候，觉得很烦。 bored在这里是过去分词作形容词用，许多动词的现在分词和过去分词均可作形容

18、词，区别在于过去分词有被动意味，常指“对感到”，主语通常是“人”，后面多接介词；而现在分词有主动意味，指“使人的”，常用作表语，而主语通常是“物”。 He is interested in science. 他对科学很感兴趣。 The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 I was surprised at his answer. 我对他的回答感到吃惊。 The result is surprising. 结果使人吃惊。(2)fall asleep意为“睡着了”，fall是连系动词，asleep是形容词，作表语。 When he was reading，he

19、 fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。6. In the USA，some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts. 在美国，一些人要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。(1)本句中两个to，第一个to为不定式符号，后为动词原形，第二个to作介词。 The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom老师让我把书拿到教室里去。(2)rather than表示“与其(不如

20、)，不是(而是)”是连词词组，可在两个并列的成分中选择，也可连接两个谓语、两个表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式，rather than后可接带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式，也可以用动名词形式。 Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air东西落到地面上而不是飞向天空。 These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty 这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒服。 I rather than you，should do the work该做这工作的是我，而不是你。 I think I

21、ll have a cold drink rather than milk. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝牛奶。 The color seems like yellow rather than green.这颜色看上去更像黄色而不像绿色。7. People dont need to spend too much money. 人们不需要花费太多的钱。(1)need在此作实义动词，表示“需要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。 Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？（名词） I can give you some help. Do you need it?

22、 我可以帮助你，你需要吗？（代词） I need to go right now 你需要现在就走。（不定式） need表示“必须”，还可作情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，接动词原形作谓语，直接加not构成否定形式。只用在否定句和疑问句中。 I neednt finish that work today. 我今天不必把那项工作做完。 Need you go right now? 你一定得现在走吗？(2)too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。 There is too much time left. 还剩下太多的时间。8. Later，the same gift may be gi

23、ven away to someone else 后来，同样的礼品可能被赠送给别人。 该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。give away表示“赠送，捐赠”是固定的短语动词。 He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠给慈善机构。 I've given the books away to a library.我已经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。 Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away. 他们把狗送给别人时，她的

24、小儿子哭得很厉害。 They are giving away free toys when you spend more than $30 in the store. 如果你在那家商店消费超过30美元，他们免费赠送玩具。9. Twenty-four singers from across China recently competed by singing a number of popular English songs来自全中国的24名歌手最近通过唱若干首流行英语歌曲来比赛。(1)句中“by+动名词”表示“通过某种方式或手段”，在句中作方式状语。 I did not think she w

25、ould do any good by coming over. 我认为她过来不会有什么好处。 There is nothing to gain by waiting. 等待将一无所获。 He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night. 通过整夜练习他自学拉小提琴。(2)a number of表示“许多，大量，若干”是量词词组，其后只跟可数名词。 The parents were invited to see the program，and a number“people came，too父母应邀来看节目，不少人也来了。

26、 There were a number of people out this afternoon今天下午许多人出去了。 A number of accidents always occur on such days在这种日子里常常有事故发生。10. If there were new words in a song，I looked them up in the dictionary. 如果在歌曲里有生词，我就查字典。这是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句中look up表示“(在词典、书籍中)查找”。按照英语习惯用法，“查字典”为look up the words in the dic

27、tionary，不说look up the dictionary。另外，look up是“动副”结构的及物的短语动词，名词作宾语置于副词前后皆可，代词作宾语要置于副词之前。If you don't know the meaning of a word，look it up in a good dictionary如果你不知道一个词的意义，就去查一本好词典。You can look up her telephone number in the book你可以在电话簿里查找她的电话号码。Will you look up a train for me in the timetable?你可不

28、可以帮我在行车时刻表中查找一个列车车次?11. As you go to your home by the ocean may you never forget those sweet hours that we spent in the Red River Valley and the love we exchanged mid the flowers当你通过海洋到你家时，祝你永远不会忘记我们一起在红河谷度过的那些甜蜜时光以及我们一起在花丛中交换的爱情。这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句中又含有两个定语从句。hours和love既在主句中作forget的并列宾语，又分别是其后定语从句

29、所修饰的先行词。在前一个定语从句中，关系代词that既引导定语从句，又在从句中作spent的宾语；在第二个定语从句的主语we前，省略了既引导定语从句，又在从句中作exchanged宾语的关系代词that或which。主句中may用倒装语序表示祝愿。例如：May you succeed!祝你成功!May you be happy!祝你幸福! May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!as用作连接词表示时间关系，用来引导时间状语从句，意思也是“当的时候”，往往可与when或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如：I saw him as he was gettin

30、g off the bus当他下公共汽车时，我看见了他。As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired.他继续往前走的时候，感到越来越疲乏。 As the day went on，the weather got worse随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟。I was coming in as he was going out.我进来时他正出去。My pen trembles as I write it.我一边写，笔一边颤抖。Helen heard the story as she washed.海伦洗衣服的时候听到这个故事。A

31、s I left the house I remembered the key.当我们离开房间的时候，我想起了钥匙。【词语辨析】1. spend，cost，take，pay表“花费” (1)spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。 He spends much money on books 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。 He spent a lot of money（in）buying a new car 他花很多钱买了一辆新车。(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。 The

32、book cost him one dollar 这本书用了他一美元。 It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship 乘船到伦敦要用12英镑。(3)take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了”。 It took me ten minutes to go to the post office 到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。 It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that 买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词

33、，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”， He paid the taxi and hurried to the station 他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。 They had to pay two hundred francs 他得付一百法郎。 We'll pay you in a few days 几天后我会给你钱。(5)pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。 You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals 你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。 下面两句中 pay for的意义不同。 Of course

34、we have to pay for what we buy 当然我们买东西得付钱。 Don't worry about money；I'll pay for you别担心钱，我会替你付的。 2. other与else两者都有“别的，其他的”的含义，但用法有区别：(1)other是形容词，用于名词的前面；else作副词或形容词用时，常修饰不定代词或疑问代词，并置于其后。 Some are playing football. Other students (Others) are watching. 一些学生在踢足球，其他的学生在观看。 What else can you see

35、 in the classroom?在教室里你还能看见其他的什么东西？(2)other与else有时可相互转换。 He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班里的其他学生都要高。 What else can you see? =What other things can you see?你还能看见其他东西吗？3receive与accept两者都做“收到”讲，但具体含义有所不同。(1)receive “接到”“收到”“受到”。它指“接”“收”的

36、动作或事实，并不包含接收者本人是否“接受”的意思。 I received a letter from my mother.我收到了母亲的一封信。 We received a warm welcome there. 我们在那里受到了热烈的欢迎。(2)accept的意思是“接受”“领受”“承认”“接纳”。指经过考虑，同意或愿意接受强调“收到”的结果是“接受”了。 We received the present，but we did not accept it.我们收到了那份礼物，但没有接受它。 He accepted the invitation with pleasure. 他愉快地接受了邀请。

37、Unit 8Why dont you get her a scarf?-补充材料1. these days目前；现在。相当于 nowadays，在句子中作时间状语。既可以拥有进行时，也可以用于现在完成时。We are working in that factory these days. 目前我们一直在那个工厂里工作。注意：those days 当时；那时 She lived in New York those days. 她那时住在纽约。2. company n.（不可数） 同伴，伙伴 You may know a man by the company he keeps. n. (可数) 公

38、司 computer company/ bus company3. for example 与such as的区别For example 多做插入语，其后必须有逗号 Id like to keep a pet. For example, a dog.Such as相当于like “像那样”后面直接加名词。 Students such a these are good ones.4. cross v. 穿过 The old man crossed the road carefully. across prep. 横穿 The old man walked across the road care

39、fully. cossing n. 十字路口 The old man got to the crossing.5. contest, compete, contend 表示“竞争”时的区别。contest 指在竞争中毫无保留地展示自己。The seat is being hotly contested among theose politicians. 政客们正在拼命争夺那个席位。compete 指体育，辩论等需要竞争的活动中，为征服或取胜而进行的努力，有时暗指在奖赏的鼓励下进行竞争。They competed with each other for the first place. 他们为获

40、得第一名而相互竞争。contend 暗指紧张程度，指双方机会均等，所以为取胜或征服对方就需要艰苦努力。强调奋斗或斗争的必要性。Several teams are contending for the prize. 有几个队在争夺这个奖项。5. by 的用法by可以用来表示方位、时间、手段等,其用法在高考中曾多次出现。一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在旁边”。如：by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side o

41、f the path.在路边的一块大石头上休息。After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for as long as an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.注：有时可表:“从旁经过”,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。As we boys were rushing towards the playground,Jim slipped by the table.吉姆从桌旁溜过。 二、by+时间名词。意为：“到时（已发生某事），此时谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟于，在之前”。如

42、：by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three oclock等。By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed.到去年年底，又有一座新体育馆峻工了。三、by+名词。可用来表方法、方式、手段等。1、by+the+可数的时间、长度、重量等名词。意为：“按计算，按买(卖)”。如：by the pound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。Cleaning women in big cities usually get pai

43、d by the hour.城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。2、by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）。意为：“按计算，按买(卖)”。如：by time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。As we all know,the freight of the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李的运费是按重量计算的。3、by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：“通过，由，乘”。如by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike

44、/boat/plane;by land/road/sea/water/air等。（on foot)It takes a long time to go there by train;its quicker by by bus乘火车去那儿要花很长时间，公路比较快。I usually go there by train.我常乘火车去那儿。4、by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：“靠，通过，由所致”。如：by skill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident;by mail/lett

45、er/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time,he found it by logic,not by luck.虽然他曾大部分时间一直在错误的地方寻找，但他还是靠逻辑推理而非运气，找到了它。I made a coat with my own hands.It was made by hand,not by machine. 我用双手织了一件外套。它是用手工织的，而不是机器织的。5、by+ 地点或工具等具体名词。表路线

46、、途径，意为：“通过（某物、某地），取道”。如:by a stone bridge/the back door/the freeway/country roads等。The man entered the room by the back door.那人通过后门进入了房间。6、by+动词ing.意为：“通过，靠，凭”。如：by waiting/practing/begging/working/imitating等。He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.他通过印刷著名作家的作品而获得了巨大的财富。Our bodies a

47、re strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。四、by+数量词。1、表升降、增减的程度。如：by one-fifth/20 percent/3/two feet等。With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。The demand for organic food is increasing by

48、 about one third every year.对绿色食品的需求每年在增长大约三分之一。2、表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。如：by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hairs breadth等。Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.幸运地是，那颗子弹差一英寸就击中了上尉。The bed is three meters wide by two meters long,and can fit at least four at one time.那张床三米宽，

49、两米长，一次至少可以睡四个人。五、by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用。如：by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns;by the collar/lape/sleeve等。The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。The soldier grabbed the child by the collar.那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。六、by的常见短语：by means of/by way of/by the way/one

50、by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself/by birth/by society/takeby surprise/learnby heart/what do you mean by /by my watch等。八年级英语（下）第八单元 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Would you mind _ (attend) the meeting instead of me. 2. _ (read) in the sun is bad for your eyes.3. This kind of pet is

51、too _ (hair).4. He was so tired that he fell fast _ (sleep).5. This question is very _ (easy), and he can answer it _(easy).6. Wang Hong is the _ (win) of the contest.7. Reading English in the morning is a good way _ (learn) English.8. In the barn there are too many _ (mouse).9. They chose this hous

52、e _ (live) in.二、用所给词的正确形式填空。Last night the first episode(一段情节) of the series(连续剧) BACK TO THE PAST 1 (be) on Channel 5. It was an interesting science fiction series about a scientist, Professor Spark, and his fantastic(奇异的) time machine. He2 (want) to travel to the future, but something 3 (happen), and he 4 (go) back to the age of the dinosaurs(恐龙). At first, the professor 5 (be) very excited.