英语课件英语构词法课件

1、英语构词法英语构词法英语构词法主要有英语构词法主要有三三种：种： 转化转化、合成合成与与派生派生。 英语构词法种类英语构词法种类另外还有另外还有截短截短、缩合缩合等。等。1. 1. 转化转化 : : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。 water water n. n. 水水 - water - water vt vt. . 浇水浇水常见的转化形式两种：常见的转化形式两种：动词动词 - - 名词名词名词名词 - - 动词动词 动词动词-名词名词 stop stop vtvt. . 停止停止 - - n.n.车站车站love love vtvt. . 爱爱 - -

2、n.n. 爱爱Watch Watch vtvt. . 观看观看 - - n.n. 手表手表record record vtvt. . 录音录音 - - n.n. 纪录纪录comb comb vtvt. . 梳理梳理( (头发头发) - ) - n.n. 梳子梳子abuse abuse vtvt. . 辱骂辱骂 - - n.n. 辱骂辱骂 名词名词 - - 动词动词 hand hand n.n. 手手 - - vtvt. . 上交上交seat seat n.n. 座位座位 - - vtvt. . 坐坐nurse nurse n.n. 护士护士 - - vtvt. . 护理护理oil oil n.

3、n. 油油 - - vtvt. . 上油上油time time n.n. 时间时间 - - vtvt. . 定时，测时定时，测时shoulder shoulder n.n. 肩膀肩膀 - - vtvt. . 肩负肩负mine mine n.n. 矿山矿山 - - vtvt. . 开矿开矿barbecue barbecue n.n. 烧烤烧烤-vtvt. . 在烤架上烤在烤架上烤ship ship n.n. 船船 - - vtvt. . 用船装运用船装运 finance finance n.n. 金融金融- - vtvt. . 为为提供资金提供资金stain stain n.n. 污点污点, ,

4、污迹污迹 - - vtvt. . 玷污，污染玷污，污染draft draft n.n. 草稿草稿 - - vtvt. . 起草起草head head n.n. 头头 - - v.v. 前进前进transport transport n.n. 运输运输 - - vtvt. . 运输运输副词副词 - - 动词动词 down down adv.adv. 向下向下 - - v.v. 放下放下副词副词 - - 名词名词nowhere adv. nowhere adv. 任何地方都不任何地方都不 - n. - n. 无处，无名的地方无处，无名的地方形容词形容词 - - 名词名词 freezing free

5、zing adj.adj. 冰冻的冰冻的 - - n. n. 冰点冰点 solid solid adj.adj. 固体的固体的, ,坚实的坚实的- - n. n. 固体固体数词数词 - - 动词动词 second second num.num. 第二第二 - - v. v. 赞成赞成 - - n. n. 秒秒2. 2. 合成合成 : : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 class class 班级班级 + room + room 房间房间 = = classroomclassroom 教室教室warm + heart + ed = warm + heart + ed

6、= warmheartedwarmhearted 热心肠的热心肠的good + looking = good + looking = good-lookinggood-looking 相貌好看的相貌好看的hard + working hard + working = = hard-workinghard-working 勤劳的勤劳的peace-lovingpeace-lovingstate-ownedstate-ownedwell-knownwell-knownready-madesready-madesightseeingightseeingbloodthirstybloodthirsty

7、3. 3. 派生派生 : : 是通过在词根上加是通过在词根上加前缀前缀或者或者构成一个新词。构成一个新词。happy - happy - ununhappyhappydevelop - develodevelop - developmentpment前缀一般只引起前缀一般只引起意思意思上的变化而不上的变化而不造成造成词类词类的变化，只有少数能引起的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。词类的变化。mismis- - 错误的错误的 + understand + understand v.v. 理解理解 - - mismisunderstand understand v.v. 误解误解en + larg

8、e en + large adj.adj. 大的大的 - enlarge - enlarge v.v. 扩大扩大后缀一般只引起后缀一般只引起词性词性上的变化而不上的变化而不造成造成意思意思的变化。的变化。care v. care v. 照料照料 - care- carefulful adj. adj. 细心的细心的work v. work v. 工作工作 - work- workerer n. n. 工人工人常见的常见的前缀前缀(A)表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在常用在n. adj. adv. 前前) in-inact

9、ive, inhuman, indirect (常用在常用在adj.后后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在用在b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular(B).(B).表示表示错误错误或或失失当当的前的前缀缀: : mis mis-misjudge, misdirect(-misjudge, misdirect(误导误导) )(C).(C).表示表示向背向背的前的前缀缀: : propro-(-(亲，支持亲，支持) ) pro-Chinese, pro-American

10、pro-Chinese, pro-American antianti- -（阻止，抗）（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese warantiwar, anti-Japanese war(D).(D).表示程度、大小的前缀表示程度、大小的前缀supersuper- - superstar,supermarket, superstar,supermarket, superman, superpower superman, superpoweroverover- - overhead, overeat, overuse overhead, overeat, overusemini

11、mini- - minibus, miniskirt, mini-car minibus, miniskirt, mini-carunderunder- - underground, under-develop underground, under-developsemisemi-( -(半，部分半，部分) ) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel(E).(E).表示表示时间时间的前缀的前缀 prepre- - prewar prewar postpost- - postwar postw

12、ar forefore-( -(前，预先前，预先) ) foretell, foretell, forecast, foresee, forecast, foresee, weather forecast weather forecast(F).(F).表示表示方位方位的前缀：的前缀： subsub- - subway, submarine subway, submarine interinter- - international, intercity, international, intercity, interclass interclass transtrans-( -(横过，通过，超

13、越，进入横过，通过，超越，进入) ) translate, translate, transatlantic transatlantic 常见的常见的后缀后缀1.1.动词变名词：动词变名词：-ation-ation satisfaction, satisfaction, education, education, realization realization-ment-ment development, development, movement, movement, disappointment disappointment-al-al arrival, refusal arrival,

14、refusal-ee-ee trainee, employee trainee, employee-er-er teacher, worker teacher, worker-or-or visitor, sailorvisitor, sailor2.2.形容词变名词形容词变名词- -nessness happiness, happiness, meanness, carelessness meanness, carelessness- -ityity ability, possibility ability, possibility - -ismism Marxism, criticism

15、Marxism, criticism3.3.名词变形容词：名词变形容词：- -y y windy, rainy, sandy windy, rainy, sandy- -ishish foolish, feverish foolish, feverish- -somesome handsome, troublesome handsome, troublesome- -ousous dangerous, humorous dangerous, humorous- -fulful helpful, careful, peaceful helpful, careful, peaceful3. 3.

16、名词、形容词变动词：名词、形容词变动词：- -ifyify beautify, simplify beautify, simplify- -izeize realize realize- -enen quicken, widen, sharpen quicken, widen, sharpen但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义改变词义： Kingdom: “Kingdom: “职位、状态职位、状态” freedomfreedomBoyhood: “Boyhood: “身份，资格身份，资格” childhoodchildhoodFriendship:Friendsh

17、ip:情态情态 状态状态 性质性质 身份身份 职业职业 技巧技巧 技技 能能” leadership, hardshipleadership, hardshipSpoonfulSpoonful：构成名词：构成名词mouthful(mouthful(满口满口, ,一口一口), ), handful( handful(一把一把) )4. 4. 截短截短 : : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 teltelephone - phoneephone - phone ininflufluenzaenza influenz - flu. - flu. 流行性感冒流行性感冒5.

18、 5. 缩合缩合 : : 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。smoke and fog - smoke and fog - smogsmog 烟雾烟雾T Test est o of f E English as a nglish as a f foreign oreign l language anguage TOEFL TOEFL 托福托福I International nternational E English nglish l language anguage t test est s system ys

19、tem - IELTS - IELTS 雅思雅思1. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _ .A. to find； left B. to find； goneC. finding； left D. finding； gone 1.The peasant died, leaving his wife and his three children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital

20、.find +宾语+宾补1. find the door open (adj.)2. find him sitting by the window(-ing)3. find the wall painted (P.P)4. find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase)2.I failed again. I wish I _ harder. But you _.A. had worked； hadnt B. worked； dontC. had worked； didnt D. worked； didnt3.Why not go out for a walk

21、 before breakfast?Oh，yes. _ is my favorite time of day.A. In the early morningB. Early morningC. The early of morningD. The early morning that 1. It was early morning when I got home.2. It was in the early morning that I got home.3. Was it in the early morning that you got home?4. When was it that y

22、ou got home?4. It was not until liberation that _ to his hometown.A. did he return B. was he returnedC. he did return D. he returnedIt is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them 当被强调的是当被强调的是not.untilnot.until句型时句型时, ,应将应将notnot置于置于untiluntil之前之前, ,主句由否定句改为主句由否定句改为肯定肯定句。句。 It was not until

23、 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. It was her that told me about it. It was her that told me about it. It was she that told me about it. It was she that told me about it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished. It is me

24、 whom the teacher has punished.强调句It is/was+thatIt is he that/who wants to go instead of you.1. It was 2:00 when they left.2. It was at 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded.It was in the street that he was knocked down.5.Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _?A. w

25、rites； do B. writes； workC. is written； do D. is written； work6.Can you finish the writing on time? _.A. Never mind B. With pleasureC. No problem D. All right7.When _ we meet again? _ it any time you like.A. will； Do B. will； MakeC. shall； Do D. shall； Make8. Look! There are lots of _ birds flying o

26、ver the trees.A. funny red little B. funny little redC. little funny red D. little red funny好好美美小小高高状状其新，其新，颜色国料颜色国料特别亲。特别亲。good/beautiful/small(little)/tallgood/beautiful/small(little)/tall/round/round(interesting)/new(interesting)/newred/nationality/wood/red/nationality/wood/9. They couldnt eat in

27、 a restaurant because _ of them had _ money on them.A. all； no B. any； noC. none； any D. no one； any10.Shall we meet right now? Sorry. Im too busy to _ for the moment.A. get through B. get awayC. get off D. get togetherget awayget away（1) 1) 逃脱逃脱 (2) (2) 开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假 (3) (3) 使离去；

28、移走；送走使离去；移走；送走 Get off(1) 下去，下来；下（公共汽车、火车、飞机等），下（马等）下去，下来；下（公共汽车、火车、飞机等），下（马等）(2) 出发，离去；起飞；起跑出发，离去；起飞；起跑(3) 寄出；发出寄出；发出(4) 脱掉；除去，摆脱脱掉；除去，摆脱(5) 免受伤害、灾祸或损失免受伤害、灾祸或损失(6) 学会，记熟学会，记熟 Get together(1) 收集，积聚收集，积聚 (2) 聚集在一处，会集；召集，集拢聚集在一处，会集；召集，集拢Get through(1) 通过；使通过通过；使通过 (2) 打通（尤指电话）打通（尤指电话）11. _ is known t

29、o all，good friends _ happiness and value to life.A. It； add B. As； addC. It； add up D. As； add to add up 总计，总共 add to 增加 add to 加到That will only add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。那只会增加我们的困难。Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。12. Mr. Green left _ suddenly _ he came.A. so； that B. so； asC. as； that D. as； as13. Good food，not _，thats how one gets fat.A. enough exercises B. exercises enoughC. enough exercise D. exercise enoughexerci