初中英语时态专题概要

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上DSE五星级专题系列 专题一 时态一般现在时态一、导入某人刻苦学习英语，终有小成。一日上街不慎与一老外相撞， 忙说：I am sorry. 老外应道：I am sorry too. 某人听后又道：I am sorry three. 老外不解，问：What are you sorry for 某人无奈，道：I am sorry five. 二、一般现在时态1概述一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性，它不表示特定时间内发生的事。2构成：时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结构，一种是动词原形

2、，用于主语为非第三人称时的情况；另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式，用于主语为第三人称时的情况。 often get up early in the morning. father often gets up early in the morning.3. 谈谈“主语为三单，其后动词s添” 在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单，其后动词s添”。何谓第三人称单数用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”，如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom

3、, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc. sometimes goes to school by bike. father works in the hospital as a doctor.4 . 动词第三人称单数变化规则动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。1) .一般在词尾加-s。如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。2）以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches

4、, teaches,等。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变，若是元音字母加y，则直接加-s。如：flyflies,trytries,fryfries,copycopiesbuybuys,enjoyenjoys,playplays,saysays,paypays5. 一般现在时态的用法： 1）. 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作或者存在的状态 。 I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a s

5、chool. 2).客观真理 例如：The earth goes around the sun.3)在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。 6. 常用于一般现在时态的时间状语： often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！- May I

6、help you, sir - Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take7 . 一般现在时的句子转换（1）

7、 当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例：陈述句：She is a student.一般疑问句 Is she a student否定句 She is not a student.陈述句：I can swim.一般疑问句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.（2） 当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she,he,it）变成一般疑问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont（I,you,以及

8、复数), doesnt（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例：陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句：She has a little brother.一般疑问句 Does she have a little brother否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.当堂过手训练1.写出下列动词的三单形式go_ catch_ brush

9、（刷）_ wash_do_ like_ have_ watch_drink _ fly_ say_ learn _eat_ read_ sing_ buy_study_ stay _ make _ look _ pass_ carry _ come_plant(种植)_ teach_ buy_2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What_ (do) he usually_ (do) after

10、school(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she often_(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework3.选择题

11、( )1. I _to school at 7:00 in the morning.A. go B. going C. goes( )2. They _books every day in the library. B. read C. reading( )3. The monkey_ eating bananas very much. B. likes C. liking( )4. My father _to read newspaper after supper every day. B. likes C. liking( )5. I like watching TV, but my mo

12、ther _like it.A. dont B. doesnt C. does( )6. _ your father drink milk every day B. are C. does（ ）7. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A. don't rain B. didn't rain 't rain D. isn't rain （）8. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise;

13、 sets（） Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen（ ）10. Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied4.改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English _2. Does he likes going fishing _3. He likes play games a

14、fter class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _5.把下列句子变成一般疑问句（并作肯定和否定回答）、否定句例：I like cooking.Do you like cooking Yes, I do. No, I don't. I don't like cooking. friends like playing soccer. speak English every day. watches TV every evening is from Cana

15、da. does his homework at home. dog runs fast. likes playing computer games. can play the piano well.一般过去式一、  概念：     一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等。 二、过去式及其句子 结

16、构：（可分两类不同的变化） 规则动词的过去式的变化规则 1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 looklooked   playplayed   startstarted   visitvisited 2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 livelived   useused 3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 ed。 studystudied  trytried   flyflied 4.以重读

17、闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 stopstoppedplanplanned  preferpreferred 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,  are-were（是）,  go-went（走）,  come-came（来）, take-took（拿）,  have (has)-had（有）， begin（开始）-began, bring（拿来）-brought, can（能）-could, catch（捉住）-cau

18、ght, cut（砍，割）-cut, do/does（做，干）-did, draw（画画,拉）-drew, drink（喝）-drank, drive（驾驶）-drove, eat（吃）-ate, fall（跌倒，落下）-fell, feel（感觉）-felt, fly（飞）-flew, get（获得）-got, give（给）-gave, grow（生长）-grew, keep（保持）-kept, know（知道，认识）-knew, learn（学习）-learnt, leave （离开）-left, let（让）-let, lie（躺，平放）-lay,make（使得，做）-made, ma

19、y（可以）-might, must（必须）-must,read（读）-read, ride （骑）-rode, ring （鸣铃）-rang, run （跑）-ran, say （说）-said, see （看见）-saw, sell （卖）-sold, send（送）-sent, set （放）-set, sing（唱歌）-sang, sit （坐）-sat, sleep （睡觉）-slept, speak（说话）-spoke, spend （花费）-spent, stand （站立）-stood,swim （游泳）-swam, teach（教）-taught, tell （告诉）-told

20、, think（认为）-thought, throw（投掷）-threw, understand（懂得）-understood, wear（穿）-wore, will（将要）-would, win（获胜）-won,句子结构动词的一般过去时 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were 肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它. 否定句式：主语 + be(was , were) +

21、 not + 其它. 一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它 Eg . I was a middle school student.否定句： 疑问句： 注：在这种构成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数 2. 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯

22、定句式：主语 + 动词（过去式）+ 其它 否定句式：主语 + didnt + 动词（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didnt】 一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】 注：did和didnt 是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形 eg . I played computer games yesterday. 否定句： 疑问句&#

23、160;3. 情态动词的一般过去时态 情态动词的过去式：cancould , maymight , mustmust ，will-would，should-should。含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。 肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它. 否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它 eg . I

24、coud fly kites senven years ago. 否定句： 一般疑问句: 4.特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他What was your former name 你以前叫什么名字Why did he late for school last Monday 上星期一他为什么迟到What could she do twenty years ago 20年前她能做什么 三、  一般过去时的判断标志词yesterday , th

25、e day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning 时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 ,  四 、  一般过去时的基本用法  表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He s

26、uddenly fell ill last night.   他昨晚突然病倒了。 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. 她上学时每个月去看一场电影。 When I was in the countryside, I often

27、60;walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。 一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often经常， always总是，once a week一周一次，等表示频度的时间状语连用。 一、巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； （不含be动词时）如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were

28、,否定就把not添。 （含be动词时）疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。二、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧： 一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢； 二是形式巧，单数was，复数were； 三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟waswere； 四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时，谓语动词用wa

29、s；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定 句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即： 主语 wasn't weren't 表语 其他。例如： I was n

30、ot (wasn't) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not (weren't) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即： Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句 式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗 Was she late this morning今天早上她迟到了吗 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes

31、, 主语waswere”； 否定回答用“No,主语wasn'tweren't”。 例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗 Yes, they were (No, they weren't) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）当堂过手训练一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isn't B aren't C wasn't D weren't( )2 your parents at ho

32、me last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasn

33、't ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _ He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do

34、 in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during

35、night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountai

36、ns yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning Yes

37、, he _.9. How _(be) Jim's weekend It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year No. she _.三、翻译下列句子(20)1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he

38、_ _ _ yesterday.4. 上周六他们做什么了他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday They _ _ homework and _ _.5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你还有什么要说的 What _ would you like _ _ 7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视 Why _ you _ TV las

39、t night 9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么时候出生的1980年。 -When _ he _ -_ 1980. 四、改写句子：(20)1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge3、There was some orang

40、e in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句） _ Frank _ an interesting book about history 5. Why not go out for a walk （同义句） _ _ _ out for a walk 6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas_ _RMB 10 on this book. 7. My family went to t

41、he beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week 8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句。注意否定转移）_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句） Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问） _ _ he _ _ 五、 改错题(20) 1How is Jane yesterday _ 2He go to school by

42、bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now _ make him cry (哭) just now _现在进行时态 1. 概念 现在进行时是由“

43、助动词be(am, is, are)动词-ing”构成，表示说话者“此刻”或现阶段的行为。2. 现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式。 动词现在分词的变化规则1）.一般在动词末尾加ing,如： think-thinking go-going 2）.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如：come-coming make-making3).以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： put-putting run-running 3现在进行时的基本结构1）肯定句：主语+be(am,

44、 is, are)+现在分词+ 例如：I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通电话。 He is playing tennis. 他正在打网球。 My parents are dancing. 我父母正在跳舞。2）否定句：主语+be not+现在分词+ 例如：I'm not studying. 我没在学习。 She is not reading now. 现在她不是在看书。They are not writing. 他们没在写。3）一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+现在分词+ 例如：Eg Is she still helping Li Ling 她

45、还在帮助李玲吗 Yes, she is. 是的。/No, she isn't. 不，她没在帮李玲。Eg Are you listening to music 你正在听音乐吗 Yes, I am. 是的。/No, I'm not. 不，我没有听音乐。4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+现在分词+ 例如： What are you studying 你正在学什么 I'm studying English. 我在学英语。 What is Mike doing 迈克在做什么-He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比赛。4. 现在

46、进行时的用法： 1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now. 2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast. 频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如： He is always tryin

47、g out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬) 表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.6) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now 等。 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 1I dont think that its true. Shes always _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told _ you _ with the new job A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung当堂过手训练I. 按要求改写句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_对“is playing basketball”提问：_对“ The boy”提问：_They are singing in