阅读理解专题——主旨大意

1、阅读理解专项-主旨大意题一、 目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解主旨大意题的解题能力。二、 知识梳理 （一） 考纲对阅读的要求： 1、理解语篇主旨大意； 2、理解文中具体信息；3、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；4、作出简单判断和推理；5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的观点、意图和态度。阅读常考题型：1. 主旨大意型 2. 事实细节型 3. 猜测词义型 4. 推理判断型。( 二 ) 主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:Ø The subject/topic of the article is Ø Which of the following best expres

2、ses the main idea of the passage?Ø What does the passage/author mainly discuss?Ø Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Ø Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（三） 主旨大意题解题策略：答题时注意正确项和干扰项的特征_ _正话反说、肯定句变成双重否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等。是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括

3、出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。_ _ 绝对化、偷换概念、片面化、串段现象、无中生有。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节；可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属非文章事实的主观臆断三、典型示例 （一） 如何找主题句？1_ _, 2_ _, 3_ _, 4.无主题句时，自己总结 5.先判断文章体裁，并结合各类型文章的基本结构。 6. 联系主题句的特征。（二） 主题句前常见标志性表达如下：On the whole, in short, thereforeI agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points abov

4、e, I would support the idea thatFor all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer四、 达标检测Passage 1 A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel(木桶) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori M

5、artin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof (防弹的) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall. Which of the following gives the correct relat

6、ionship between Canada , Niagara Falls and Horseshoe Falls? ABCMHCNHCNHCHNCDPassage 2 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast

7、 American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.Quest

8、ion: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is

9、 terrible for American autoworkers.Passage 3 Decision-thinking is not unlikepokerit often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you thinkand what you think they think you think.Themental process(过程) is similar. The subject discussed in the text is_.Athe process of reaching deci

10、sions Bthe difference between poker and chessCthe secret of making good business plans Dthe value of information in winning games Passage 4 Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated ou

11、r interest. The sociologists interest in the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to now what makes the social what it is, how it is organized, w

12、hy it changes in the way that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way. The passage chiefly concerns _. A. the work of a sociologist B. the new media C. modern society D. decision-ma

13、kersPassage 5 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for c

14、ertain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects w

15、ithout using them.What is the best headline for this newspaper article ?A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by ThievesC. Major Works D. Investigation into the theftPassage 6 You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of he