阅读理解技巧

1、阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧2015.08阅读理解阅读理解是英语能力培养是英语能力培养的重点项目，是中考的一个重要题型，分的重点项目，是中考的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。关信息的加工能力。 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。和理解力的正确率。 阅读基本技能阅读基本技能: : 1 1 略读略读skimming（适用于判断短文（适用于判断短文 主旨大意及中心思想）主旨大意及中心思想） 2 2 扫读扫读scanning ( (适用于细节搜索、适用于细节

2、搜索、 捕捉、提取及理解捕捉、提取及理解) ) 3 3 细读细读Reading in detailsReading in details（适用于推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图）（适用于推理判断、揣摩、理解作者意图） 阅读理解的命题依据阅读理解的命题依据:1 理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置理解文中的具体位置3 根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义4 作出判断和推理作出判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构6 理解作者的意图观点和态度理解作者的意图观点和态度主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题

3、类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型 Step Two: How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1. 干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案的出处应多读正确答案的

4、出处应多读文章的第一段或最文章的第一段或最后一段，或每个段落的第一句或最后一后一段，或每个段落的第一句或最后一句。句。（2015云南）65. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. The lady introduces healthy drinks. B. The lady cares about food cost. C. The lady fights obesity in students. D. The lady feel worried about the height. （2015云南）60. Whats the best title(标题)

5、 of this passage?A. Lei Feng Spirit B. Lei Fengs DeathC. Lei Fengs Good Neighbors D. University Student Volunteers（2015云南）65. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Never make mistakes. B. You can make mistakes without thinking.C. Sometimes its good to make mistakes.D. Making mistakes is terrible.（2

6、014 云南）59. The passage is mainly written for _. A. students at school B. people who dont like runningC. students who never have breakfast D. people who want to improve health主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式: 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进

7、行提问，所提问题一般可及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直直接接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。2015 云南云南51. The man with his old axe fell into the river. 52. The fairy came out and asked what was wrong with him

8、. 53. The sad man only wanted the gold and silver axes. 54. The fairy found his lost axe for the man.2015云南59. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A, Lei Feng gave his money to another soldiers parents.B. Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he told his name to her.C, Lei

9、 Feng always helped others. D. We should learn from Lei Feng,63. What does the lady want the shops to do? A. To offer gym classes. B. To plant a vegetable garden. C. To serve meals with less fat. D. To sell healthier foods. 57. Who brought Lei Feng up?A. His parents B. Chairman Mao C. His neighbors

10、D. Soldiers64. When you make a mistake, you are closer to_trine B. money C. success D. everything60. Sun Hotel is open for _ months of the year. A. nine B. ten C. eleven D. twelve 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which of the following statement is true/not true?2）

11、Which of the following is mentioned/ not mentioned in the passage?3）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or，顺接关系。，顺接关系。Eg：（2015佛山）佛山）Mobile Mobile phones can be carried with us wherever we travel. phones can be carried with

12、 us wherever we travel. Some phones can even let you take pictures. And Some phones can even let you take pictures. And these images can be sent to other mobile phones.these images can be sent to other mobile phones. 49.What does the underlined word “images” 49.What does the underlined word “images”

13、 mean? mean? A. pictures B. messages C. telephones D. letters A. pictures B. messages C. telephones D. letters 词词义义猜猜测测型型词词义义猜猜测测型型词词义义猜猜测测型型词词义义猜猜测测型型词词义义猜猜测测型型 反义法反义法 如如 but, while, however, not at all等，等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定，转折关系。或前句为肯定，后句为否定，转折关系。Eg: He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother

14、. 根据根据“not at all handsome ”不难推测不难推测“homely”的意思是不好的意思是不好看的。看的。词词义义猜猜测测型型释义法释义法 ： 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。加以解释说明。Eg:Make sure yourself and others are all right aftershocksafter the earthquake. 通过破折号后的通过破折号后的after the earthquake, 不难猜出不难猜出aftershocks

15、 是余震的意思。是余震的意思。情景推断法情景推断法：Eg: If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons , there is the “rush hour”. 根根据情景可以推断据情景可以推断“rush hour ”为（上下为（上下班）交通高峰时刻的意思。班）交通高峰时刻的意思。词义猜测型的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式: 此类题型在中考中一般占1题（2分）（2015云南） 62. The word “obesity” in the second paragraph means _

16、 in Chinese. A.厌食症 B. 抑郁症 C. 肥胖症 D. 强迫症（2015云南） 58. The underlined phrase good deeds means _ in Chinese. A. 好人 B. 好事 C. 好梦 D. 好主意（2014云南）62. The underlined words straight As in Paragraph 2 mean _A_ in Chinese. A. 全优 B.及格 C.中等 D.不及格（2014云南） 65. When the writer says “my new friend” in the last paragra

17、ph, she is talking about_B_. A. her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her fathers friend1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领 推理判断题推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，根据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻

18、辑推断，做出一定解释。 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推推理理判判断断型型推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。（2015云南） 55. From the story, we know that an honest man may get more. （2015云南） 55. According to the passage, our life in the future will be bett

19、er.（2014云南） 64. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona? C A. Strict and hard-working. B. More critical C. Friendly and interesting. D. More successful推理判断题推理判断题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式: 根据近几年阅读理解根据近几年阅读理解的题目类型，中考试题中，的题目类型，中考试题中，仍以主旨大意型和事实细仍以主旨大意型和事实细节型为主，词义猜测和推节型为主，词义猜测和推理判断为

20、辅。理判断为辅。summary学生高考需要什么？学生高考需要什么？1、词汇量、词汇量2、阅读理解能力、阅读理解能力3、语言敏感性、语言敏感性4、语言准确性、语言准确性5、思维逻辑性、思维逻辑性6、心理素质、心理素质研究课标、考试说明及近研究课标、考试说明及近几年高考题，心中有数，全盘筹划几年高考题，心中有数，全盘筹划精心安排阶段性教学，灵活复习。精心安排阶段性教学，灵活复习。具体如何做？具体如何做？ 试题特点试题特点：基础性、工具性、基础性、工具性、 教育性、交际性、真实性、运用教育性、交际性、真实性、运用性、综合性、开放性和时代性。性、综合性、开放性和时代性。提高语篇理解能力，语言运用能提高

21、语篇理解能力，语言运用能力，培养敏锐的洞察力。力，培养敏锐的洞察力。 阅读理解的题型：阅读理解的题型： A篇短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误。正篇短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误。正确的填确的填“T”,错误的填错误的填“F”。（共（共5小题，每小题小题，每小题1分，满分分，满分5分）分） B 、C两篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的两篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出正确选项。每篇共四个选项中，选出正确选项。每篇共5小题，每小题，每小题小题2分，满分分，满分10分）分）题材题材: 故事集萃、饮食与健康、校园生活、人物传故事集萃、饮食与健康、校园生活、人

22、物传记、广告图标图记、广告图标图 表、自然与环保、文化风俗、表、自然与环保、文化风俗、科普知识与现代技术、建议励志、热点话题等。科普知识与现代技术、建议励志、热点话题等。体裁体裁: 记叙文、说明文、应用文等。记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 类型一：判断型 云南近4年判断正误型阅读话题包括事物介绍（7次），哲理故事（3次），人物传记（3次），幽默故事（2次），环境保护（1次），健康（1次），广告海报（2次）和家庭教育（1次）。分析云南近4年判断正误型阅读理解，其词数在160-230词之间，主要考察学生对阅读材料的细节理解能力。 A Some people think that chicken sou

23、p is good for a cold. Others believe that it is unhealthy not to eat meat. The question is, are they right? Here are some facts. For centuries, people have believed that chicken soup helps to fight a cold. Now, doctors say it may be true. They think that chicken soup has something that stops a cold

24、from getting worse. Heat from the soup can also make a person feel better. Many people think that it is unhealthy not to have meat. 1t is true that meat, especially red meat, has protein(蛋白质)that the body needs. A person who doesnt eat meat can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs,

25、 and some vegetables. A study showed that tea is better than coffee. Tea has something that can protect your heart, fight cancer, and make you less fat. Coffee does not do this. Many people believe that bread and potatoes can easily make people fat. In fact, bread and potatoes do not have fat in the

26、m. But eating too much and not exercising can make people fat. Also, adding things like butter to them can raise the chance of becoming fat. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误。正确的填“T” 错误的填“F”，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) （ ） 51. It is helpful to eat some chicken soup to fight a cold. （ ） 52. To get enough protein an

27、d be healthy, people must eat meat. （ ）53. Protein can be found in tofu, eggs and some vegetables. （ ）54. Tea is better than coffee in fighting cancer. （ ）55. People who like bread and potatoes become fat easily.T细节理解题F细节理解题TT细节理解题F细节理解题类型二：选择型类型二：选择型 云南近云南近4年选择型阅读话题包括事物介绍（年选择型阅读话题包括事物介绍（10次），哲理故次），

28、哲理故事（事（9次），文化交流和差异（次），文化交流和差异（8次），情感故事（次），情感故事（6次），人次），人物传记（物传记（4次），健康（次），健康（3次），家庭、社会教育（次），家庭、社会教育（3次），环次），环保（保（2次），广告海报（次），广告海报（1次）。考察方式以细节理解题和推次）。考察方式以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，穿插设置标题归纳题、词义猜测题和主旨大理判断题为主，穿插设置标题归纳题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。意题。 每篇短文词汇量在每篇短文词汇量在180-260字之间，时代气息浓，可读性字之间，时代气息浓，可读性强，语篇难度适中，文字表达通俗易懂。强，语篇难度适中，文字表达

29、通俗易懂。 B Sometimes it may seem difficult to improve our health. If so, the following health habits may help you. Eat breakfast every morning. Research shows that if you eat a meal in the morning you may not become too fat or eat too much during lunch. Dating breakfast can help people feel better thro

30、ugh the day. Get enough sleep. Poor sleep can influence our memory and learning. It can also cause traffic accident! Studies show that people who dont get enough sleep seem to get into more accidents. So stay safe and get enough sleep! Take a walk every day. Walking is an easy way to exercise. Youd

31、better meet friends for a walk, not for a meal. As you walk, you will see the beautiful world around you. Once you try, you will find that adding a walk into your daily life is very easy. Join social groups. Social groups can provide support. They might include sport teams, art or music groups. The

32、people in the group can offer advice and can help each other in difficult times. Also, being in a group keeps your mind busy. An active mind is a healthy mind! Have a hobby. A hobby could be running, reading or making something with your hands. Hobbies help people to relax and rest. Hobbies bring us

33、 joy as well.根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出正确选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)56. You may have a good memory and learn better if you_ A. eat breakfast every morning B. have a good sleep C. take a walk every day D. join a social groupB细节理解题57. If you need help and want to help others, youd better

34、 _. A. invite your friend to a meal B. make something with your friends C. become a member of a social group D. have a hobbyC细节理解题58. Which of the following is TRUE? A. If you have breakfast every morning, youll be fat. B. All the traffic accidents are caused by poor sleep. C. To join a social group

35、 helps you have a healthy mind. D. Having a hobby is the best way to relax.D推理判断题59. The passage is mainly written for _. A. students at school B. people who dont like running C. students who never have breakfast D. people who want to improve healthD推理判断题60. Which is the best title(标题)of the passage

36、? A. Ways to Improve Your Health B. Reasons for Keeping healthy C. Good Habits D. Breakfast and ExerciseA标题归纳题 C Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new house in Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I wanted very much to see his new place and meet his friends. In my earl

37、iest memories my father was a tall, handsome and successful man. He loved his work and family, but was uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I was afraid of him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As in my study and unhappy with my boy

38、friends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to try hard to think up things to say to protect myself. On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping

39、, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons funny talks. My fathers critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules were gone. He seemed so friendly and interesting to be with us. The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me many stories about his own childhood. Although our times tog

40、ether became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, Im at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, Im happy with my new friend. My dad, in this new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was. 根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出正确选项，并将所选答案

41、涂到答题卡的相应位置上（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）61. The father was unhappy with the writer because_. A. he didnt like her B. he expected too much of her C. she had a boyfriend D. she was uncomfortable62. The underlined words straight As in Paragraph 2 mean _A_ in Chinese. A. 全优 B.及格 C.中等 D.不及格63. When the writer went

42、out with his father for a walk on weekends she felt _D_. A. tired B. happy C. satisfied D. nervous64. What does the writer think of her father after visiting him in Arizona? C A. Strict and hard-working. B. More critical C. Friendly and interesting. D. More successful.65. When the writer says “my ne

43、w friend” in the last paragraph, she is talking about_B_. A. her son B. her father C. her boyfriend D. her fathers friend细节理解题B推理判断题词义猜测题细节理解题词语理解题20152015年云南省高考阅读理解年云南省高考阅读理解的命题趋势：的命题趋势： 选材侧重科学文化、生活哲理等；选材侧重科学文化、生活哲理等； 阅读量可能逐渐增多，知识面逐步阅读量可能逐渐增多，知识面逐步拓宽，难度系数逐年加大；拓宽，难度系数逐年加大； 题目设置包含直接理解、间接理解、题目设置包含直接理解

44、、间接理解、综合分析题。综合分析题。1 1、快速浏览。、快速浏览。2 2、带着问题，找答案。、带着问题，找答案。 （找出处、划线）（找出处、划线）3 3、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。、仔细斟酌不确定的答案。4 4、核对。（总体把握）、核对。（总体把握） 阅读理解答题阅读理解答题步骤步骤 如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤：几种应试技巧和解题步骤：注意：注意：阅读理解的复习：阅读理解的复习： 结合自己的实际情况，进行具体的指导和有针结合自己的实际情况，进行具体的指导和有针对性的学习，巩固所学，弥补不足，实现各自对性的学习，巩固所学，弥补不

45、足，实现各自在原有基础上的进步。在原有基础上的进步。 “学什么，考什么学什么，考什么”, , 全面复习所学的基础知全面复习所学的基础知识和基本技能，熟记课本词汇。识和基本技能，熟记课本词汇。 有意识、有计划地增加英语阅读量，题材、体有意识、有计划地增加英语阅读量，题材、体裁多样化裁多样化. .训练学生阅读理解的解题方法与技巧：训练学生阅读理解的解题方法与技巧： 略读全文，抓住话题，掌握主旨大意。略读全文，抓住话题，掌握主旨大意。 寻读，寻读，阅读题目，带着问题到短文中寻找相关阅读题目，带着问题到短文中寻找相关段落或句子。段落或句子。 研读，找到相关段落和语句，认真斟酌，透过研读，找到相关段落和

46、语句，认真斟酌，透过表层结构，领会深层含义。表层结构，领会深层含义。 复读，复读，内在联系，内在联系，避免错误或疏漏。避免错误或疏漏。Misunderstandings:误区一：重误区一：重字词字词轻轻语篇语篇误区二：重误区二：重兴趣兴趣轻轻学习学习 误区三：重误区三：重听说听说轻轻读写读写误区四：重误区四：重朗读朗读轻轻默读默读 许多同学在做阅读理解部分时，最大感许多同学在做阅读理解部分时，最大感受就是时间紧、答题项迷惑性大，因而很难受就是时间紧、答题项迷惑性大，因而很难又快又准地选出答案。那么，做阅读理解除又快又准地选出答案。那么，做阅读理解除了平时多读多看多练之外，还有什么好的方了平时多

47、读多看多练之外，还有什么好的方法呢？在没有足够时间仔细阅读或文章太难法呢？在没有足够时间仔细阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下应该怎样答题呢？下面是而看不懂的情况下应该怎样答题呢？下面是一些我常教学生的阅读理解方法和技巧。一些我常教学生的阅读理解方法和技巧。 第一、摆正心态、化难为易第一、摆正心态、化难为易 不要以为阅读理解很难不不要以为阅读理解很难不容易得分，恰恰相反，阅读理容易得分，恰恰相反，阅读理解是所有题型中最容易得分，解是所有题型中最容易得分，也是完全能够得高分（甚至满也是完全能够得高分（甚至满分）的题型。分）的题型。 阅读理解题和其他题型不一样，它呈阅读理解题和其他题型不一样，它呈现的是一片完完整整、没有任何隐瞒和现的是一片完完整整、没有任何隐瞒和挖空的文章，每一个题目的答案全部直挖空的文章，每一个题目的答案全部直接或间接蕴含在原文中了，你所做的事接或间接蕴含在原文中了，你所做的事情就是把答案从原文中找出来，除了要情就是把答案从原文中找出来，除了要具备词汇、语法这些基本功之外，就是具备词汇、语法这些基本功之外，就是看你够不够聪明和细心了。看你够不够聪明和细心了。 而其他任何题型（单选、完型、写作而其他任何题型（单选、完型、写作等），都不是给你一个完整的句子或文等），都不是给你一个完整的句子或