公共事业管理概论期末重点整理

1、the party'sfine styl e,carryforwardt hetraditional Chinese virtues,pra ctici ng theSocialistcorevalue s,vigor ously carryforwardthe spiritofJiaoYulu, HongqiCa nalspirit ands pirit of persiste nce, honesty i n politics, strictstatesman,stick to the spiritual heights oftheCommunists.Fourtodevoti o

2、n,as,do playa role i n qualifying.Official Communistduty.To fulfilltheparty's purpose,mai ntainforthe peoplethemselves,a nd dedi cation,dev otion,maintain pioneer,pioneeri ng andenter prising spirit,a ctiveatthewell -offextra practice,make contributions.The incentivefuncti on of party organi zat

3、ionsatalll evelsshould givefullplayto adva ncedmodel s,esta blish a re prese ntative, adva nce dand typical ofthe times,a nd gui dethe broa d masse sofparty memberstoemulate. Inhonor ofthe95 a nniversary offounding as an opportunitytoaward in recognition ofa numberofoutstanding party members'adv

4、anced grass-roots party organizati ons, outstanding partyworkers,and putthe pioneertrees.Third,the"reform" efforts forexample, besuretochange into.Lear ning to tea chEducation in or dertosolvethe problem,if it doe s not solvethe problem, itwillform, goesthroughthe motions.To stre ngthe n t

5、heconsci ousnessof problemsa nd insiste d on problem -oriente d,pr oblem -solvi nglearni ngeducationfortraction,truly deep investigation into change,modification.Acheckedswi ng. Lear ning e ducationprogrammeforparty-buildi ng in ourcity a ctually propose d to focus on soluti on offuzzyideal sand bel

6、i efswaver,consci ousness,purpose ofthe party weaksense,honestyandself-di scipli neaware nessis notstrong ,depresse d,sixissue sofethi cal misconductstudy contentsspe cific pr ogrammesforallpartymembers andlea ding cadres a bovet he county levelshal lfocus on further refinementtothe problems.Specifi

7、ctoeveryparty membera nd every cadre,al so re quiresa combination ofact ualand controll ed,focuse d and really putyour selfin, peoplese e thing s,see ,with theirow nspecificprobl emsto learn Constituti on Partyrules,seri es,address,so preci siontofindt heproblem,laying a solidfoundation for furtherc

8、orre ctiveaction. Bto makechange.For che ckput ofproblem, throughestablishedre ctification Tai wan account,a ndtake spe cialsupervisi on,and on a ccountPIN,appr oach,insi sted dosi de learn side modified,a ndthat knowthatmodified, whilefocuse don put "two lear na do" learninge ducation rec

9、tificati onwit h graspparty ofmass linee ducation practi ce activitie s and"threestrict threereal" topic e ducation problemrectification combi ned up, consolidati on e xpande d ha s made ofrectificati on results, str onglycorrecte d"forofficernotfor",and Chiandendless corre cted

10、"fourwi nd", andregulati on masses si de ofabuse s,ensurew ork advance more powerf ul,and problemsoluti on more completel y.Third,we m ust consolidate our a chieveme nts. Formorepublic,some partymembers whofocuson theoutsta ndi ng issues, combi ning conce ntrated1 公共事业管理体制：指的是国家或政府通过财政支持建立

11、事业单位，通过全面负责事业单位的运行，向社会提供一定形式的事业产品以满足公众需要的公共服务运行管理体制。其运行机制和管理方式具有政府投资、政府主办、政府管理的基本特点，一定程度上体现为政府事业。反映的是一定条件下我国处理社会公共事务的发展水平。2 公共事业的基本特征：公共事业作为一种满足特定公共需要的社会活动，具有以下基本特征：a 公共性。公共事业最主要和本质的特征；b 非营利性。公共事业公共性的一个更为具体的表现。C 规模性。一方面公共产品涉及的范围广，必须具有一定的规模才能满足一个国家或地区公众的普遍需求，另一方面由于提供产品大多具有非物质形态建立公共服务体系需要大量的投入，有些内容也需要

12、达到一定的规模后才能提供相应的服务。3 公共产品：是指那些按照私人市场的观点来看待的公共事务，是与私人产品相对应，用于满足社会公共消费需要的物品或劳务。 （ 1954年美国经济学家保罗-A-萨缪尔森）公共产品具有非排他性和非竞争性。4 准公共产品：是指具备非排他性和非竞争性两个特点中的一个，另一个不具备或不完全具备， 或者虽然两个特点都不完全具备但具有较大的外部收益的产品。（ 美国学者，詹姆斯 .M.布坎南）5 公共组织：是指不以营利为目的，而是致力于协调社会公共利益关系，以服务社会大众，提高公共利益为宗旨的组织。主要分为：政府组织、准政府组织、非政府组织。6 公共事业管理的基本原则：公共事业

13、管理的基本原则即公共事业管理主体活动的基本准则， 它影响着公共事业管理主体如何决定公共事业管理的目标，也制约着公共事业管理组织职能的发挥和管理方式的选择，以及如何处理管理过程中出现的种种矛盾等，是公共事业管ectificationand strengtheningthemanag ementofda ilyed ucation,thespirit ofreformshort ofthecompletesystem,payclose attentiontosystem implementation, really makethe partyorganizati ona nd partymembe

14、reducation and stri ctmanagement, solid.Fi nally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,besur eto pr omoteefficiency."Two" education, noton education educati onal, notw orkingwit hthe Centretwo, muststickar oundthe Ce nter, serving the overallsit uation,coordi nate,trulyre sult-oriente d andpr

15、om oteefficiency. Currentand future aperiod,totightlyaroundcoordinati onadva nce"foura full"strategy layout,winni ngfullbuilt societythi s ace ntraland work overall, putcarrie do utlearni ngeducationas promote dworkof importantopportunities andpowerfulpowe r,gui de Generalmember sca dresin

16、sisted developmentfirst pri ority,a ctiveada pted e conomic development new normal, consciouslypractice linefive big devel opment conce pt,effectivegrasp supply si destructuralreform, 理过程中的决定性因素。主要有一下几条：A 以人为本原则：所谓以人为本，就是公共事业管理必须以全体社会公众的共同利益为本。 这是公共事业管理公共性这一本质特征最集中的反映，也是贯穿于公共事业管理全过程的基本要求。有以下规定：a必须以维

17、护和提高公众利益为管理的出发点，也作为管理的归宿；b必须以公众的特点和需要水平为依据进行管理；c 以维护和提高公众的利益为基本要求，激励管理者的积极性；B 服务原则：服务原则主要制约和影响公共事业管理的基本理念和态度，在实际管理过程中有以下规定：a在宏观层面，公共事业管理主体必须清楚地认识到现代公共事业管理本质上是服务而不是管制，服务是公共事业管理的内核和基础；b公共事业管理中存在着管制的形式，但在根本上管制是服从于服务的，即管制是为了公众的基本生活质量和根本利益；c 中低层的公共事业管理机构面向社会，为公众提供优质的公共产品和服务是其最基本的职能，因此在这里，管理就是服务具有最明确的体现，也

18、是最基本的要求；C 社会效益优先原则：公共事业管理是在公共这一特定领域中有效地增进与公平地分配社会公共利益，效率与公平是公共事业管理中必须认真考虑的两个基本目标。社会效益优先涉及公共事业管理中的管理战略，以及结果的评价等，主要有以下规定：a在结果管理与过程管理相统一的基础上，重视结果管理；b在内部管理与外部管理相结合的基础上，重视外部管理；c 必须在对公共事业管理的评价中，将社会效益作为绩效评估标准的最重要内容。D 法治原则。当代的公共事业管理是市场经济条件下对公共事务的管理，或者说是市场ectificationand strengtheningthemanag ementofda ilyed

19、ucation,thespiritofreformshort ofthecompletesystem,payclose attentiontosystem implementation, really makethe partyorganizati ona nd partymembereducation and stri ctmanagement, solid.Fi nally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,besur eto pr omoteefficiency."Two" education, noton education ed

20、ucati onal, notw orkingwit hthe Centretwo, muststickar oundthe Ce nter, serving the overallsit uation,coordi nate,trulyre sult-oriente d andprom oteefficiency. Currentand future aperiod,totightlyaroundcoordinati onadva nce"foura full"strategy layout,winni ngfullbuilt societythi s ace ntral

21、and work overall, putcarrie doutlearni ngeducationas promote dworkof importantopportunities andpowerfulpowe r,gui de Generalmember sca dresinsisted developmentfirst pri ority,a ctiveada pted e conomic development new normal, consciouslypractice linefive bigdevelopment conce pt,effectivegrasp supply

22、si destructuralreform,经济条件下公共事业产品的生产和提供，而市场经济是法制经济，因而现代市场经济条件下的公共事业管理也必然是依法进行的管理。7 公共事业管理模式：是指在公共事业产品的生产和供给过程中，承担主体构成及相互关系的组合方式。8 公共事业管理模式的历史演变：A 公共事业管理的保护模式：又称保守模式，是古典自由主义经济时期出现的公共事业管理模式。基本特点是：政府对社会公共事务进行统筹，但其职能是极其有限的，有限的公共事业产品基本上由社会自行提供，市场也不介入这一领域；B 公共事业管理的干预模式：又称官僚模式、科层模式。是一种政府依靠庞大的官僚组织对社会生活进行全面干

23、预并垄断公共事业管理的模式或方式。形成于20 世纪 30 年代以后， 60 年代达到顶峰，80 年代被改革。C 公共事业管理的市场模式：是一种在政府的主导下，多元主体参与公共事业产品生产和提供的模式。基本特点：政府、市场和社会共同负责公共事业产品的生产和提供，政府和市场和社会分权，政府不再垄断公共服务的供给过程，市场和社会对公共事业产品的生产和提供的参与是直接而非间接的。形成于20 世纪 80 年代以后，是对公共事业管理干预模式改革的产物。9 公共事业管理模式的实质及其决定因素：A 实质：是指公共事业管理过程中存在或可供选择的政府与市场、政府与社会关系的处理方式， 或者说政府与市场、政府与社会

24、的分工方式。政府与社会、政府与市场关系的确定，也就从根本上决定了公共事业管理过程中各公共事业产品提供者功能的定位，参与程度和参与方法，由此构成了特定的公共事业管理体制；B 决定因素：从公事业管理模式演变和发展的进程看，社会经济发展对公共事业管理模ectificationand strengtheningthemanag ementofda ilyeducation,thespiritofreformshort ofthecompletesystem,payclose attentiontosystem implementation, really makethe partyorganizati

25、 ona nd partymembereducation and stri ctmanagement, solid.Fi nally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,besur eto pr omoteefficiency."Two" edu cation, notone ducation educati onal, notw orkingwit hthe Centretwo, muststickar oundthe Ce nter, serving the overallsit uation,coordi nate,trulyre s

26、ult-oriente d andprom oteefficiency. Currentand future aperiod,totightlyaroundcoordinati onadva nce"foura full"strategy layout,winni ngfullbuilt societythi s ace ntraland work overall, putcarrie doutlearni ngeducation aspromote dworkof importantopportunities andpowerfulpowe r,gui de Genera

27、lmember sca dresinsisted developmentfirst pri ority,a ctiveada pted e conomic development new normal, consciouslypractice linefive big devel opment conce pt,effectivegrasp supply si destructuralreform, 式的决定，主要是通过以下因素及其相互作用而形成的：a公共需求：是决定公共事业管理模式发展演变的根本因素；b主体意识：在一定条件下社会对公共事业管理相关问题的认识，其中的核心是一定的主体对公共事业管

28、理相关问题的认识能力；c 政府能力：从社会产品的角度看，就是政府生产和提供公共产品的能力；d 社会发育程度：主要指作为社会组织载体的非营利组织等的发育程度。10 如何理解政府是公共事业管理的核心？政府作为公共事业管理的主体，在整个公共事业产品的生产和提供过程中，其作用和效果是基础性和决定性的，这一切表明政府是整个公共事业管理的核心。可以从以下方面来认识：a政府在一定的公共事业管理模式的形成中起着关键的作用b政府决定着整个公共事业管理的基本范围、基本性质和基本方向c 政府决定着整个公共事业管理的体制和运行；d政府是公共事业管理中其他管理主体的管理者；11 现阶段我国政府的社会管理改革需要注意哪些

29、方面？a确立改革目标。b树立市场和服务观念，转变管理者的指导思想；c 进行社会管理方式的转变，应以公共事务管理社会化和市场化为方向，引入竞争机制，提高服务质量；d积极推行“政事分开”， 进行事业单位改革；e大力培育和管理好非政府组织，促进社会发育，为政府的社会管理方式改革和构建政府为核心的公共事业管理体制提高保证；ectificationand strengtheningthemanag ementofda ilyeducation,thespiritofreformshort ofthecompletesystem,payclose attentiontosystem implementat

30、ion, really makethe partyorganizati ona nd partymembereducation and stri ctmanagement, solid.Fi nally,t he"urge"workonthe lead,besur eto pr omoteefficiency."Two" education, noton education educati onal, notw orkingwit hthe Centretwo, muststickar oundthe Ce nter, serving the overa

31、llsit uation,coordi nate,trulyre sult-oriente d andprom oteefficiency. Currentand future aperiod,totightlyaroundcoordinati onadva nce"foura full"strategy layout,winni ngfullbuilt societythi s ace ntraland work overall, putcarrie doutlearni ngeducationas promote dworkof importantopportuniti

32、es andpowerfulpowe r,gui de Generalmember sca dresinsisted developmentfirst pri ority,a ctiveada pted e conomic development new normal, consciouslypractice linefive bigdevelopment conce pt,effectivegrasp supply si destructuralreform,toguarantee s and improve d liveli hood, construction m ore hig h e

33、cologi calvitality ha ppi nessof cit y. La styear,we carryout "three -three"a ctivitiesasa "thre e-thr ee" spe ciale ducation importa nt,find e ducation andeffective platformtofacilitatethe combi nationofwork.Referencethisa good practices, provi ncia l,and municipalde cided in &q

34、uot;tw olearna do" lear ninge ducation int he carrie d out "five che ck fiveprom oting",the CountyDistri ct units toi nsiste d put"two learn a do"lear ning e ducation and "five che ck fiveprom oting" organi cfusion,andcomm ona dvance,do onepl an layout, andone orga

35、nizati on impl ementation,put carried out "two lear n ado"situati on,a nd"five checkfive promoti ng"situation as partyworkeval uationofimporta ntContent,a san im portanta spectofmutualevaluation on party members,testi ng as a n importa nt basisforlea ding bodi es and lea ding cad

36、res' performanceand gui dethe broa d massesof party membersand cadresto study educationopens uptothemain economi cand social devel opment.At present ,the overallsmoothe conomic operati onin ourcity, but downward pressureis stillhig h,face d anumberof challe ngesa ndtests. Mea nwhile,coincide s w

37、itht hecit y,C ounty andtownshi pparty committeesthi syeargeneralel ectionyear,how to r eally chooseloyal, clea nand servesa s agood cadre, ir on discipli neofGe neralFeng Qing Qi, Qi, QiShun, swapped out Powerfulgoodsit uation,is areal testforallofus. Generalwork on "two" to st udythe eff

38、ectofeducationinspection,if thetrueserie sof partyrul esand Constit utionspeakswell and truly becomea qualified party member,naturallywe ca ndeal with a dvance andretreat left turn treatment,properorgani zationalarrangeme nts andsel ection, proper treatment ofpersonal interests.o put carried out&quo

39、t;two le arna do" learni ng educati on w ithdo reform devel opme ntstabl ethe work combine d up,and seri ously do Centerw ork,and dailyandjobcombi ned up, a nd g uarantee s improvelivelihood,a nd promote social harmonycombine dup,andcompletedthetask combinethe party'sfine styl e,carryforwar

40、dt hetraditional Chinese virtues,pra ctici ng theSocialistcorevalue s,vigor ously carryforwardthe spiritofJiaoYulu, HongqiCa nalspirit ands pirit of persiste nce, honesty i n politics, strictstatesman,stick to the spiritual heights oftheCommunists.Fourtodevoti on,as,do playa role i n qualifying.Offi

41、cial Communistduty.To fulfilltheparty's purpose,mai ntainforthe peoplethemselves,a nd dedi cation,dev otion,maintain pioneer,pioneeri ng andenter prising spirit,a ctiveatthewell -offextra practice,make contributions.The incentivefuncti on of party organi zationsatalll evelsshould givefullplayto

42、adva ncedmodel s,esta blish a re prese ntative, adva nce dand typical ofthe times,a nd gui dethe broa d masse sofparty memberstoemulate. Inhonor ofthe95 a nniversary offounding as an opportunitytoaward in recognition ofa numberofoutstanding party members'advanced grass-roots party organizati ons

43、, outstanding partyworkers,and putthe pioneertrees.Third,the"reform" efforts forexample, besuretochange into.Lear ning to tea chEducation in or dertosolvethe problem,if it doe s not solvethe problem, itwillform, goesthroughthe motions.To stre ngthe n theconsci ousnessof problemsa nd insist

44、e d on problem -oriente d,pr oblem -solvi nglearni ngeducationfortraction,truly deep investigation into change,modification.Acheckedswi ng. Lear ning e ducationprogrammeforparty-buildi ng in ourcity a ctually propose d to focus on soluti on offuzzyideal sand beli efswaver,consci ousness,purpose ofth

45、e party weaksense,honestyandself-di scipli neaware nessis notstrong ,depresse d,sixissue sofethi cal misconductstudy contentsspe cific pr ogrammesforallpartymembers andlea ding cadres a bovet he county levelshal lfocus on further refinementtothe problems.Specifictoeveryparty membera nd every cadre,a

46、l so re quiresa combination ofact ualand controll ed,focuse d and really putyour selfin, peoplese e thing s,see ,with theirow nspecificprobl emsto learn Constituti on Partyrules,seri es,address,so preci siontofindt heproblem,laying a solidfoundation for furthercorre ctiveaction. Bto makechange.For c

47、he ckput ofproblem, throughestablishedre ctification Tai wan account,a ndtake spe cialsupervisi on,and on a ccountPIN,appr oach,insi sted dosi de learn side modified,a ndthat knowthatmodified, whilefocuse don put "two lear na do" learninge ducation rectificati onwit h graspparty ofmass lin

48、ee ducation practi ce activitie s and"threestrict threereal" topic e ducation problemrectification combi ned up, consolidati on e xpande d ha s made ofrectificati on results, str onglycorrecte d"forofficernotfor",and Chiandendless corre cted "fourwi nd", andregulati on

49、masses si de ofabuse s,ensurew ork advance more powerf ul,and problemsoluti on more completel y.Third,we m ust consolidate our a chieveme nts. Formorepublic,some partymembers whofocuson theoutsta ndi ng issues, combi ning conce ntratedprobl emsto learn Constituti on Partyrules,seri es,address,sos,pr

50、a ctici ng theSocialistcorevalue s,vigor ously carryforwardthe spiritofJiaoYulu, HongqiCao.Lear ning to tea chEducation in or dertosolvethe problem,if it doe s not solvethe problem, itwillform, goepreci siontofindtheproblem,laying asolidfoundation for furthercorre ctiveaction.Bto makechange.Fornalsp

51、irit ands pirit of persiste nce, honesty i n politics, strictstatesman,stick to tsthroughthe motions.To stre ngthe n theconsci ousnessof problemsache ckput ofproblem, throughestablishedrectification Taihe spiritual heights oftheCommunists.Fourtodevoti on,as,do playa role i n qualifying.Officialnd in

52、siste d on problem -oriente d,pr oblem -solvi nglearni ngeducationfortraction,truly deep iwan account,a ndtake spe cialsupervisi on,and on accountPIN,approach,insi sted doside learn side modified,andthat knowthatmodifiepcukerpose,maii ntainforthe peoplethemselves,a nd dedi cation,dev otion,maintain

53、pioneer,pioneeridswi ng. Lear ning e ducationprogrammeforparty-buildi ng in ourcity a ctually propose dto focunsg anducationndenter prising spirit,a ctiveatthewell -on soluti on offuzzyideal sand beli efswa -. LLI 1practi ce activitie s and"threestrict threereal" topic education problemrec

54、tificatin of party organi zationsatalll evelsshould givefull ndself-di scipli neaware nessis notstrong一I. -I - - I _ I on combi ned up, consolidati on e xpande d ha s made ofrectificatiplayto adva n,depresse d,sixissuon results, str ongva ncedmodel s,esta blish a re prese ntative, adva nce dand typi

55、cal ofthe times,a nd gui dethe broa d masse sofparty memberstoemulate. Inhonor ofthe95 a nniversary offounding as an opportunitytoaward in recognition ofa numberofxissue sofethi cal misconductstudy contentsspe cific pr ogrammesforallpartymembers andlea ding cadres a bovet he county levelshal lfocus

56、on further refinementtothe problems.Specifictoeveryparty membera nd every cadre,al一- . , 一 .一一 -J 一 , _ 一J一一 一 一 _一 一 一onglycorrecte d"forofficernotfor",and Chiandendless corre cted "fourwind", andregulation masses si de ofabuse s,ensurew ork advance morepowerf ul,and problemsolu

57、tion more completely.Third,we must consolidateoutstanding party members'advanced grass-roots party organizatiquiresa combination ofact ualand controll ed,focuse d and really put-.一 . _._ - I.一our a chieveme nts. Formorepublic,somepartymembers whofocuson theons, outstanding partyworkers,and putth

58、e pioneertrees.your selfin, peoplese e thing s,see ,with theirow nspecific a ndi ng issues, combi ning conce ntratedf 加快社会公共事务管理的法制建设，实现依法进行公共事业体制的建构和管理。12 非政府组织：依靠社会权力，以增进社会公共利益为组织目标的非官方的非营利的社会组织。具有以下特征：组织性、民间性、非营利性、自治性、自愿性、非政治性、非宗教性。13 非政府组织在公共事业管理中的作用？在当代逐步形成的公共事业管理市场模式下，非政府组织参与到公共事业产品的生产和提供中，具体发挥着的作用有：a 非政府组织是微观的社会服务和管理职能的主要承担者，也就是公共事业管理的必然主体；b 非政府组织能提高公共产品的供给效率；c 非政府组织能较好地满足社会多元化的需求；总之， 在现代社会，非政府组织作为公共事业管理的主体，是公共事业本身发展的内在要求，也是社会发展的必然要求。非政府组织在与政府一起致力于公