公众参与论文：西部农民参与生态修复法律机制研究

1、公众参与论文：西部农民参与生态修复法律机制研究【中文摘要】我国东部地区在环境保护的理论和实践上都有一定的成效,但由于发展战略和政策倾向,过去政府把主要的精力放在了东部地区的基础设施建设、环境整治和保护上,而忽视了西部地区尤其是西部农村地区的环境保护。随着我国西部地区农村人口的数量剧增和经济的逐步发展,农村的生态环境也日益恶化。西部地区水土流失严重、土地荒漠化速度越来越快,植被破坏程度高。如我国西部的贵州、广西等喀斯特地质为主的地区,土地石漠化已经非常严重。贵州省的森林覆盖率已经从建国之初的42%下降到现在的12.6%,每年新增石漠化土地面积达到了933平方公里,自然生态环境遭到了极大破坏。农民

2、是我国相对收入较低的阶层,西部的农民也是西部地区最贫困的阶层,这些生态环境问题严重影响了农民的生产、生活质量,阻碍了农村经济的发展,西部地区的农业基础条件正被逐步瓦解,因此,修复受损的农村生态环境已经是刻不容缓。如果这个问题得不到很好的解决,不仅不利于国民经济的持续健康发展,影响社会的稳定,还会祸及后代子孙的生存环境。为了改善西部地区农村的生态环境,实施生态修复是行之有效且投入低、见效快的方法。修复西部地区的农业生态系统对整个西部生态环境有着极大地改善作用,也与西部农民的生产生活息息相关,但是在生态修复项目实施过程中会产生诸多问题,对农民现有的生产、生活产生一定的影响,甚至造成一定的矛盾,这时

3、候不是靠市场调节或者政府的行政手段能完全解决的,因此,要将主动权让渡给农民,吸收农民参与其中,让他们参与到生态修复的一系列环节中来,这会对政府和市场触及不到的领域起到很好的弥补作用,对构建和完善我国环境保护公众参与法律制度具有着重要的意义。西方发达国家在这方面有着成功的经验,由于早期的工业发展,单方面的追求经济效益,完全将生态环境置之度外,最后遭到了环境的报复,无论经济还是生态都遭到了重创,此时他们才开始意识到生态环境保护的重要性和修复生态系统的必要性,他们通过法律体系的建设,相关政策的引导,生态补偿措施的完善以及相关非政府组织的协助下,积极鼓励和引导农民参与到生态修复中来,收到了良好的效果。

4、公众参与的基础是民主与法治,农民参与生态修复的基础是村民自治,一个国家的公众参与程度越高,参与水平越高,则表明这个国家的民主和法治的发展程度越高。因此,西部农民参与生态修复在一定程度上可以作为衡量我国西部农村民主化进程和法治建设的指标。农民的公共参与的程度和水平越高,西部农村的民主和法治化程度越高；如果没有农民的公众参与,西部农村的民主与法治就很难得到实质性的进步。尽管我国西部农民参与生态修复还存在着参与水平不高、代表性不强、参与范围不明确、信息了解有限以及环境意识薄弱等等一系列的问题,但是我们还是应当在借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,立足自身实际情况,积极引导农民参与其中,这样才能保证生态修复项顺

5、利实施,促使生态环境尽快得到修复,更能推动西部农村地区民主化与法制化的进程。本文包括七个部分,即引言,正文五部分和结语。论文的引言部分,介绍了选题意义,有关本论题的研究现状、及对其评价。第一部分主要介绍了公众参与和生态修复的基本理论,同时对生态修复与公众参与的关系进行论述；第二部分主要介绍了国外农民参与生态修复的现状及实践经验,并通过对美、欧、日等西方发达国家的情况分析来总结出值得我国借鉴的经验：第三部分主要介绍了我国西部农民参与生态修复的现状、主要途径及重大意义,通过对西部生态环境的恶化情况来体现实施生态修复的必要性,通过分析农民参与生态修复的现状来分析其中存在的问题,并且介绍了农民参与生态

6、修复的一些途径和参与生态修复具有的重大意义；第四部分主要介绍了我国西部农民参与生态修复的实践情况,并且以广西鹿寨县生态修复为例进行了分析与总结；第五部分主要针对完善我国西部农民参与生态修复的法律机制的合理化建议。【英文摘要】There has been a certain theoretical andpractical success in environment protection of Chinese eastern region. Due to the development strategy and policiesorientation, the government paid

7、main attention to theinfrastructure construction, environmental remediation and protection of eastern region, and ignored the environmental protection of western region, especially the western rural areas in the past. Meanwhile, with Chinese western ruralpopulation increasing and economy development

8、, the ecological environment of the rural area is worsening. Soil erosion, land desertification, vegetation destruction are more and moreterrible. Such as in Guizhou and Guangxi which are most karsts areas in the west of china, the land desertification has been very serious. The forest coverage rate

9、 of Guizhou province where the natural ecological environment is deep destructed has dropped to 12.6% from 42% at the beginning of The Founding. And it increases 933 square kilometers rocky desertification land every year. Farmers are Chinese relative lower class of income, and the western farmers a

10、re the poorest class in the western region. All the ecological environment problems seriously impact on the farmers production, quality of life and hinder the development of the rural economy. At present, the western regions agriculture foundation conditions are being gradually collapse; therefore,

11、it is imperative to repair the damaged rural ecological environment. If this problem cannot be well solved, the national economy will not continually and healthily develop, social stability will be influenced, and livingenvironment of future generations will be damaged. In order to improve the weste

12、rn rural ecological environment, ecological remediation is an effective, economize method with quickreturns.To repair the west ecological system of agriculture can greatly improve the whole western ecological environment, and be closely linked of the western farmersproduction and life.But the ecolog

13、ical remediation project implementation will cause many problems which effect farmersexisting production and life. At that moment, the market regulation or government administrative measures cannot fully resolve, therefore, we must assign initiative to farmers, absorb them to participate and let the

14、m involve in a series of ecological restoration, which has a very good offset function of government and market not touching areas, and an important significance to construct and perfect public participation and legal system inenvironmental protection in China. The western developedcountries have su

15、ccessful experience. In order to unilaterally pursue the economic efficiency, they ignored ecologicalenvironment in the early industrial development. They gained the final revenge of the environment, where whatever economic or ecology has been hit. Then, they began to realize the importance of envir

16、onmental protection and necessity of ecological remediation. They actively encourage and guide peasants to participate in ecological restoration through legal system construction, relevant policy guidance, theperfection of ecological compensation measures and assistance of non-governmental organizat

17、ions, which received a goodeffect. Public participation is based on democracy and the ruleof law and the farmers to participate ecological remediation is based on autonomy. The higher degree and level of public participation in the country are the higher degree of the countrys development of democra

18、cy and the rule of law is. Therefore, the western farmers participate in ecologicalremediation in some extent could as an indicators of Chinas western rural democratization process and the rule of law. The degree and level of public participation of farmers are higher, the degree of democracy and th

19、e rule of law of the western rural areas are higher; without peasants publicparticipation, democracy and the rule of law are hard to get substantial progress in the western rural areas. Although the level in participating ecological remediation of our western farmers still is not high, the represent

20、ative weak,participation range unclear, information limited andenvironmental consciousness low and so on, a series of problems, we are still on the basis of actual situation with the reference of foreign successful experience to actively guide farmers to participate. So that, we can guarantee the sm

21、oothimplementation of ecological remediation project, promote the ecological environment as soon as possible, and promote the process of democratization and legalization the rural westernpart of China.This paper consists of seven parts:introduction, body of five parts and epilogue. The introduction

22、describes the significance, status quo, and evaluation of the topic. The first part of the body mainly introduces the publicparticipation and the basic theory of ecological remediation, and discusses the relationship between ecological remediation and public participation; The second part focuses on

23、 the status and experience of foreign farmers to participate in ecological remediation, and sum up the experience worth reference to China through analysis of the situations in the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed Western countries; the third part introduces the status quo, main appr

24、oaches and significance of the participate in ecological remediation of the farmers in western China, to reflect the need for remediation through the deterioration of ecological environment in west, to analyze the existing problems by analyzing the status of farmerparticipation to ecological remedia

25、tion, and describes some of the ways of farmers to participates the ecological remediation and the significance of ecological remediation; fourth part introduces the practice of the farmers in western China to participate in ecological remediation and gives Guangxi Luzhai Countys ecological remediat

26、ion as a case to analyze andsummarize; the fifth part mainly focus on the rationalization proposals of ecological restoration to improve theparticipation of ecological remediation for farmers in western China.【关键词】公众参与 西部农民 生态修复 法律机制【英文关键词】public participation Western farmers ecological remediation legal mechanisms【目录】西部农民参与生态修复法律机制研究3-5Abstract5-6目录7-910-18内容摘要引言