France economic

1、France is located in Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain with terrains that vary from mostly flat plains in metropolitan France to low-lying coastal plains and mounta

2、ins.It is the largest state in the EU and is considered to be a well developed economy. The French people enjoy high standards of living. Owing to its rich and diversified culture, 82 million tourists visit the country annually, making tourism one of the many contributors to Frances economy.France E

3、conomyFrance is the 5th largest economy in the world at $2.555 trillion on a GDP (PPP) basis in 2010, putting it behind the US, China, Japan and Germany, but just ahead of the UK.In 2010, according to the WTO, France was the 6th largest exporter and 5th largest importer of manufactured goods. France

4、 has for long been receiving a lot of FDI, and in 2008, the country ranked 3rd in the world among the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. France was able to handle the 2008 recession better than most other EU economies thanks to its larger government sector,

5、 which tends to reduce the impact of recessions but also slow recovery and innovation.France ended 2009 with a GDP of $2,675.92 billion. 2010 figures show growing only 1.565 percent until 2015 when forecast figures expect GDP to US$ 2,945.20 billion, growing an average of 2 percent per year.As of 20

6、10, Frances population was 65,102,719, growing at a rate of 0.549 percent with 18.6 percent of the population aged 0-14 years, 65 percent aged 15-64 years and 16.4 percent aged 65 years and over. Unemployment stands at 9.814 percent with 3.8 percent employed in agriculture, 24.3 percent in industry

7、and 71.8 percent in the services sector (2010).Trade declined due to the recession-affected demand. However, the well developed agriculture sector helped Frances economy, along with the services and industry sectors, in being self sufficient.France's trade is one of the largest in the world. Fra

8、nce exports and imports various raw materials, automobiles and electronic products. In 2010, Frances exports totaled $456.8 billion while imports totaled up to $532.2 billion.Economics, Business, and the EnvironmentCOUNTRY PROFILE - FranceView Technical and Source Notes     

9、Gross Domestic Product, 2000FranceEuropeWorldGDP in million constant 1995 US dollars1755614 11139956 34109900 GDP PPP (million current international dollars) a1426548 11770626 44913910 Gross National Income (PPP, in million current  international dollars), 2000 a1438010 11666729 44458520 GDP pe

10、r capita, 2000 in 1995 US dollars29637 15327 5632  in current international dollars24082 16525 7416 Average annual growth in GDP, 1991-2000 Total2 %2 %3 % Per capita1 %1 %1 %Percent of GDP earned by: Agriculture, 20003 %XX Industry, 200026 %XX Services, 200071 %XX&

11、#160;    International TradeTrade in Goods and Services (million current $US) Imports, 2000XXX Exports, 2000XXXExports as a percent of GDP, 200029 %35 %XBalance of Trade, 2000 (million current $US)18279 83636 X     Official Development Assistanc

12、e (ODA ) and Financial FlowsODA in million US dollars, 1998-2000 bXX59073 ODA per capita in US dollars, 1998-2000 bX4 10 Current Account Balance (million $US), 200020428 XXTotal external debt, million $US, 1998-2000 bXXXDebt service as a % of export earnings, 1995-97 bXXXForeign Direct Investment, n

13、et inflows (million current $US), 200043173 642535 XInternational Tourism Receipts,  1995-1997 (million $US)28067 XX     National Savings (as a percent of Gross National Income)Gross National Savings, 200022 %24 %23 %Net National Savings, 20009 %9 %XAdjusted Net Sa

14、vings, 200014 %12 %X     Income Distribution (years vary)Gini coefficient (0=perfect equality; 100=perfect inequality)33 XXPercent of total income earned by the richest  20% of the population:40.2 %XXPercent of total income earned by the poorest  20% of the po

15、pulation:7.2 %XXNational Poverty RateXXXPoverty Rate, Urban PopulationXXXPercent of population living on less than $1 a dayXXXPercent of population living on less than $2 a dayXXX     Other Resources:Country Profiles of the Food and Agriculture Organization   

16、         a. Data are in international dollars, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP rates provide a standard measure allowing comparison of real price levels between countries. b. Data are averaged for the range of years listed.  

17、0;  THE WORLD BANK UNEP THE NETHERLANDS MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS SIDA UNDP USAIDFrance GDP Growth RateThe Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in France expanded 0.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011 over the previous quarter. Historically, from 1978 until 2011, France's average quarter

18、ly GDP Growth was 0.48 percent reaching an historical high of 1.60 percent in June of 1978 and a record low of -1.60 percent in December of 2008. France is the second largest economy and second trading nation in Europe. France, as with many modern industrialized nations, has a large and diverse indu

19、strial base. Economic growth rates in France have been steady for decades due to conservative planning of the economy which in comparison to other western European countries is more centralized by the government in France. This page includes: France GDP Growth Rate chart, historical data, forecasts

20、and news. Data is also available for France GDP Annual Growth Rate, which measures growth over a full economic year.Date Selection       Members Only. Please Register or Login  to          France is the worlds number six economic power in terms

21、of GDP. The countrys assets range from transport, telecommunications, food industries and pharmaceutical products through banking, insurance and tourism to traditional luxury goods (leather goods, ready-to-wear fashion, perfumes, fine wines and spirits, etc.). AgricultureForestsEnergyIndustryService

22、 sectorForeign tradeFrance is the worlds fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector)It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in Europe.France does 66% of its trade wi

23、th its European Union partners (50% within the euro area).It ranks second worldwide for direct inward foreign direct investment. Foreign investors appreciate the skills of French workers, the advanced level of research, the mastery of high technology, the stable currency and control of production co

24、sts. Gross domestic product - GDP (2006): 1,744.2 billion  GDP growth (2006): 2%  Inflation (2006): 1.6%  Trade deficit (2006): 25.8 billionAgricultureGrowing sugar cane(Ile de la Réunion).© F. de La Mure / M.A.E. Agricultural holdings: 545,000  Agricultural l

25、abour force: 1,100,000  Utilized agricultural area: 27,470, 000 hectares, 50.3% of the area of metropolitan France.Main French produce Cereals: 1st in the EU, 5th worldwide (48.5 million metric tons, including 34.8 million metric tons of soft wheat and 13.7 million metric tons of grain mai

26、ze)  Wine: 2nd worldwide and in the EU after Italy (53.2 million hectolitres)  Milk: 2nd in the EU, after Germany, and 5th worldwide (22.6 million litres)  Sugar beet: EU and world leader (26.1 million metric tons)  Oilseeds: 1st in the EU (5.7 million metric tons)Livestock 

27、Cattle: 18.3 million  Pigs: 14.4 million  Sheep: 7.9 million  Goats: 1.2 millionMeat production Beef: 1.8 million metric tons in carcass weight equivalent (cwe)  Pork: 2.3m metric tons cwe  Mutton/lamb/goat: 1.4m metric tons cwe  Poultry: 1.9m metric tons cweForest

28、sWooded areas cover some 15 million hectares, 29% of Frances total area, placing France third in the EU countries in terms of forest land.Forest area in France has increased by 46% since 1945 and continues to grow by about 74,000 hectares each year. Most trees are deciduous (two-thirds), while the r

29、emaining third consists of conifers.The National Forestry Office (Office national des Forêts - ONF) is responsible for managing national forests (1,750,000 hectares) and those belonging to local authorities (2,700,000 hectares).The remaining 10,600,000 hectares belong to some 3,500,000 private

30、owners. Forests in France are a source of biological and scenic wealth, a place for excursions and relaxation; they also yield an annual harvest of 53 million cubic metres of timber. They also make an irreplaceable contribution to rural development by supplying the raw material for a number of indus

31、tries which provide numerous jobs.And lastly, forest land contributes to the efforts to combat climate change by storing atmospheric carbon. The extra carbon stored annually by French forests is estimated at 10 million metric tons.EnergyEnergy independence: 49,8%Primary energy consumption: 275,3 mil

32、lion metric ton oil equivalent (TOE)Main companies in this sector: TOTAL, EDF, GDF.Breakdown of energy consumption 33,4 % Oil  42.7 %Primary electricity 14,7 %Gas 4,5 %Coal 4,8 %Thermal renewable energiesGross electricity production: 575 billion kWh, of which 78.6% is nuclea

33、r-generatedEnergy bill: 46 billion (2006)IndustryLeading industrial sectors in France Construction and civil engineering· Annual net turnover: 137 billion.· Three French groups: Vinci, Bouygues, Eiffage, rank among the top European construction firms.· Workforce: 1,597,000Refinin

34、g of cheeseof Beaufort (Savoy) © F. de La Mure / M.A.E. Agrifood· Annual turnover: 139.7 billion· Workforce: 390,000· Leading sectors: meat and dairy production, cereals, confectionery, soft and alcoholic beverages. Leading exporter and second largest producer in the EU.

35、83; Trade surplus: 6,3 billion · Number of firms: 3180· Main groups: Danone, Nestlé France, Lactalis, Pernod-Ricard, Altadis and Bongrain.  Chemicals· Annual turnover: 96.6 billion · Workforce: 231,400.· Main firms: Air Liquide, Rhodia, Hutchinson.  Fashion an

36、d luxury goodsThis sector includes haute couture, jewellery, luxury leather goods, perfumes, cosmetics and fine glassware.· Annual turnover: 35 billion · Main groups: LVMH, PPR/Gucci group, Chanel, Hermès.· Workforce: 150 000. Pharmaceuticals· Annual net sales: 40.6 bil

37、lion · Workforce: 100,000.· Worlds first largest producer and third largest exporter.· Main firms: Sanofi-Synthélabo, Pierre Fabre, Servier and Aventis. Automotive industry· Annual turnover: 109 billion France is the worlds fourth largest exporter of cars and. In 2005,

38、the sector posted a trade surplus of 8.6 billion.· PSA (Peugeot-Citroen) and Renault are the two main groups in the sector. · 5,955,600 vehicles were produced in 2005.· Workforce: 320,000. Materials processing (steel, aluminium, glass, plastics, rubber)· Annual net sales: 65

39、,1 billion · Among the main firms are the Arcelor-Mittal (steel processing), and Saint-Gobain, the worlds largest producer and second largest exporter of glass; Plastic Omnium and Sommier Allibert are the two French leaders in plastics processing and Michelin is the worlds leading tyre manufact

40、urer. Telecommunications and information and communication technology· Annual net sales: 45 billion · Installed base: 38.2 million lines. · France Telecom has 47% of the market, Cegetel-SFR 35.8% and Bouygues Telecom 17.2%.There has been a sharp rise in the number of mobile phone

41、s, with 52 million subscribers in March 2007.In the telecommunications sector, Alcatel is the fourth largest manufacturer of telecommunications equipment, and the world leader in transmission systems and submarine cable networks.Digital television is represented by Thomson Multimédias, which pr

42、oduces digital television decoders.In 2006 e-commerce generated net sales of 9 billion. Aerospace· Annual net sales: 32.1 billion · Workforce: 132,000.· Main firms: EADS (Airbus, Eurocopter, Astrium, MBDA, .), Dassault Aviation, Snecma, Arianespace.Research and developmentNationa

43、l R & D expenditure amounts to 37,99 billion i.e. 2,26% of GDP, the fourth highest in the OECD.The public sector finances 52,5% of this and is responsible for running the major national research facilities (building maintenance, salaries and laboratory equipment), which include the CNRS (all fie

44、lds), INSERM (medicine), INRA (agronomy), etc.Research financed by private enterprise (47,5%) focuses on advanced technology sectors such as aerospace, pharmaceuticals, car manufacture, communications equipment and precision instruments. France ranks fourth among OECD countries for research, after J

45、apan, the United States and Germany.Transport Road network Densest in the world and longest in the EU with a total of 1,079,072 km of local, secondary and main roads and motorways, including 10,492 km of motorways (second in Europe).In 2006, while 80% of freight is carried by road, use of combi

46、ned transport is stabilizing after having known a deep fall during the last years. Rail network Two generations of TGV, in Station of Lyon (Paris) © F. de La Mure / M.A.E.France had 31,000 kilometres of track on 1 January 2006. France holds the world speed record (574.8 kph) with its high-

47、speed train (TGV), which runs on 1,876 kilometres of special track allowing trains in normal commercial operation to travel at 270 kph or more.Annual traffic: 329 million passengers on the main network, 83 million on the TGV network, 572 million on the Île-de-France regional network and 121 mil

48、lion metric tons of freight (2006). Aviation Each year almost 160 million passengers and 4.8 billion tonne-kilometres of freight are carried. 904 aircraft (planes and helicopters) fly under the French flag.Paris airports (ADP): 764,000 annual commercial aircraft movements (2006), 82.8 million p

49、assengers and 2.1 million metric tons of freight and mail (2006)(Rank 1st in EU). Merchant fleet Annually 212 ships (total tonnage of 4.7 million) transport 340 million metric tons of freight. Frances fleet ranks 28th in the world in tonnage. Marseilles is the largest port in France and on the

50、Mediterranean, and the fourth largest in Europe, handling 95.5 million metric tons of goods.Service sectorFinancial services and bankingIn 2000 Euronext merged and replaced stock exchanges of Paris, Amsterdam and Bruxelles. In 2002, it bought out LIFFE (London International Financial Futures and Opt

51、ions Exchange)and merged with Portuguese bank BVLP (Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa e Porto).NYSE Euronext, the holding company created by the combination of NYSE Group, Inc. and Euronext N.V., was launched on April 4, 2007. NYSE Euronext (NYSE/New York and Euronext/Paris: NYX) operates the worlds larges

52、t and most liquid exchange group and offers the most diverse array of financial products and services.With a leading $28.5trillion/21.5 trillion total market capitalization of listed companies and average daily trading value of its combined markets of approximately $102 billion/77 billion (as of Feb

53、ruary 28, 2007), NYSE Euronext seeks to provide the highest standards of market quality and integrity.The leading French banks are BNP Paribas, Crédit Agricole, Société Générale, Crédit Lyonnais and LCL.InsuranceThe French insurance sector has consolidated its position

54、as the fifth largest in the world, with net sales of 198,4 billion. Axa, Europes second largest insurance company, CNP and AGF are the three main French insurance companies. Life and health policies are continuing to expand (+16.1%). Property-casualty insurance (including third-party liability) is g

55、rowing by 2.2%. The insurance sector provides some 200,000 jobs.TourismWith 76 million foreign tourists in 2006, France is the most visited country in the world.France has : 18,284 hotels  8,138 camping sites  914 holiday villages  177 youth hostels  69,700 gîtes (self-

56、catering holiday facilities)  34,848 chambres dhôtes (bed and breakfast).Frances income from tourism (66 billion) is the third largest in the world, after the United States and Spain. The trade surplus in this sector is over 8.9 billion.Foreign tradeFrance is the worlds second largest expo

57、rter of services and farm products and fourth largest exporter of goods (principally durables).The 2006 trade deficit stood at 25.8 billion. French exports totalled 481.2 billion in 2006 whereas imports amounted to 507.0 billion.Frances main customers are Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium,

58、 Luxembourg, Spain and the United States.Updated on July 2007France, an economic powerFrance is the fifth economic power in the world.Source: INSEE, national accountsIn 2006, it generated a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 1.792 trillion, corresponding to per capita GDP of 28,356. Its growth rate has

59、 had ups and downs in recent years (1.1% in 2003, 2.3% in 2004, 1.7% in 2005, 2.0% in 2006) but remains below the OECD average (2.5% in 2006). GDP growth in France is due to the general development of the countrys economic activity. Source: INSEE, national accountsThe capacity of the French to create wealth is increasing. France remains the major agricultural power in Europe. It is a European leader in aerospace, armaments and agri-food. In re