定语从句高考高频点专项讲解

1、The Attributive Clause定语从句一、定语：修饰名词或代词，可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任。(以介词短语、分词为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）. 二、定语从句:修饰名词或代词的句子。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.3、 定语从句分类限制性定语从句修饰、限制先行词非限制性定语从句补

2、充、说明先行词先行词与定语从句往往用“，”隔开4、 定语从句基本结构关系代词（6个）关系副词（3个）先行词+关系词五、关系代词如何引导定语从句1) 普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister. She works in Shanghai. she代替 sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)2) I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/that） 1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 The building is our school. T

3、he building stands by the river.The building which/that stands by the river is our school. which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。六、关系词判断步骤 : 首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that; 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表wh

4、ich物主、宾who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人、物主、宾、表关系副词when时间n.时间状语where地点n.地点状语why原因n.原因状语最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The man who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my father.(主句) The man is my father. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)(从句) The man (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.七、 将下面两个简单句转化为定语从句1. The boy

5、 is Tom. The boy is smiling.The boy _ is Tom.2. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy _ is Tom. 3. The man is kind. Everyone likes him.Everyone likes the man _. 4. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher _ will give us a talk.5. The hotel wasnt clean. We s

6、tayed at the hotel.The hotel _we stayed at wasnt clean.6. Ill never forget the day. I joined the Party on that day. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the Party.六、定语从句中需注意事项 (高频考点)（一）先行词指物时，只用that,不用which。1.先行词是 something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.2.先行词被形容词最高

7、级或序数词修饰时。 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one或用 the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

8、Is it the one that you want ? .This is the very bus that Im waiting for. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （2） 先行词指物时，只用which,不用that(1) 当关系代词前有介词时，只用which不用thatThere are many trees _ they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定语从句中 Football, _ is a very popular game, i

9、s played all over the world.（三）先行词指人时，宜用 who, 不用that的情况 1).先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 2).在there be句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.（四）as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以整个主句的内容或朱剧中的一部分内容。以下情况只用which定语从句放在主句前面As we all k

10、now, Chinese are friendly.定语从句是被动语态As is known to us all, Chinese are friendly.（5） 关系副词，其中注意事项：where 引导的定语从句除了可修饰表示地点的普通名词外，还可修饰抽象地点名词，常见的有：point, position, situation, stage，a letter等 He wrote a letter_ he explained what had happened in the accident.Which（指物）whom（指人）（六）介词+关系代词”介词+which”可以替代 when, wh

11、ere, why引导定语从句。The year in which (when) the Wenchuan earthquake happened was 2008.Theres no reason for which (why) we should put off our work till next week.Could you tell me the destination in which (where) you want to arrive?此结构中介词的确定方法：1. 看从句中动词或者形容词的固定搭配 I bought a house, on which I spent all my

12、 money that I saved.2. 看与先行词的搭配关系I went to visit the university last week in which I spent four years.3. 看整个句子表达的意思The gas we breathe in is called oxygen, without which we cannot live.注意：有些“动词+介词”短语中的介词不能提前放到关系词的前面，如look for, look after, call on等。因为提前后短语的意思就发生了变化。注意：关系代词的省略： 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词做及物动词的宾语时，

13、是可以省略的。做介词的宾语时则不能省略。【定语从句高考真题汇编】1.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _is not good for the health.（2017新课标I卷）2.But Sarah, _has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.（2017新课标卷）3.Two of the authors of the review also made a s

14、tudy published in 2014_showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018新课标I卷)4.The Chinese Ministry of agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government started a soil-testing program_ gives specific fertilizer recomme

15、ndations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018新课标卷)5.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les.(2019新课标卷)6.They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for those animals.(2019新课标卷)7.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum_ opened in 1759.(2020新高考全国卷I)8.Because the moons body blocks direct radio c