with复合结构及独立主格

1、 石婷石婷真题再现真题再现n 1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.n A. to follow B. following C. followed D. followsn 1. B。with后接非谓语复合结构，后接非谓语复合结构，pet dog和和follow构成构成主谓关系，用主谓关系，用following。n 2. The party will be held in the garden, weather .n A. permitting B. to pe

2、rmit n C. permitted D. permitn 2. A。此处主句的主语。此处主句的主语party 和和weather不一致，所以不一致，所以weather保留，作保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，结构。另外，weather与与permit之间是主动关系，故用现之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。在分词。n 句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。n 3. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most rec

3、ent _at the end of last March. n A. has been launched n B. having been launched n C. being launched n D. to be launchedn 3. B。此句前后句没连词，只有逗号是不能连接两个句子。此句前后句没连词，只有逗号是不能连接两个句子的，所以后边的，所以后边the most recent _ at the end of last March就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语。就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语。n 4. John received an invitation to

4、 dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.n A. finished B. finishing n C. having finished D. was finishing n 4. A。and连接前后两个并列句。在后一个句子中，连接前后两个并列句。在后一个句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于结构为独立主格结构，对于finish的逻辑主语的逻辑主语his work来来说，是说，是“被完成被完成”，而且不能用谓语结构，选用过去分词表，而且不能用谓语结构，选用过去分词表示被动关系。示被动关系。n 5. Come on, please g

5、ive me some ideas about the project.n Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. n A. filled n B. filling n C. to fill n D. being filledn 5. B。在句子中，。在句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于结构为独立主格结构，对于fill的逻的逻辑主语辑主语too much work来说，是主谓关系，而且不能用谓来说，是主谓关系，而且不能用谓语结构，选用现在分词表示主动关系。语结构，选用现在分词表示主动关系。n 6. _two exams

6、 to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.n A. Besides n B. With n C. As for n D. Because of n 6. B。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连词，连词，“as for” 意思是意思是“至于、关于至于、关于”；because of意思意思是是“由于、因为由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和和D。在所给的选项中只有。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成才符合构成“ with

7、 + n. / pron. + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的用功了。周末我得真的用功了。n 7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. n A. going on B. goes on n C. went on D. to go onn 7. A。“with+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词”作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,在句中作在句中作couldnt do my homework的原因状语的原因状语.而而all that noise与与 go on在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调

8、动作正在进行，在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作正在进行，所以用现在分词做宾语补足语。所以用现在分词做宾语补足语。n 8. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _.n Aspare Bcatch Cleave Dmaken 8. A。此题考查。此题考查“with+宾语宾语+不定式不定式”作宾语补足语，在句作宾语补足语，在句中作结果状语。而中作结果状语。而minutes与与to spare在逻辑上是主谓关在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作没有完成，所以用不定式做宾语补足语系，而且强调动作没有完成，所以用不定式做宾语

9、补足语。知识讲解知识讲解n with复合结构复合结构nwith复合结构是由复合结构是由“with+复合宾语复合宾语”组成，常在句中组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：式等。其构成有下列几种情形：n 带介词的复合结构带介词的复合结构n He was asleep with his head on his arms.n The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.n We sat on the dry grass wi

10、th our backs against the wall.n 带现在分词的复合结构带现在分词的复合结构 n I wont be able to go on a holiday with my mother being ill.n With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. （As winter comes on, its time to buy warm clothes.）n 注意：注意：with和和as都译为都译为“随着随着”，但是，但是with为介词，后接分为介词，后接分词结构；词结构；as为连词，后接从句。为连词，后接从句。

11、n Ann fell asleep with the light burning.n With the price of gold going up, South Africas economy was good.n with + 名词名词 (或代词或代词) + 过去分词，过去分词， 过去分词和前面的名过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。n The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. （伴随情况）（伴随情况）n I sat in my room for a few mi

12、nutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.（伴随情况）（伴随情况）n She had to walk home with her bike stolen.（原因状（原因状语）语）n with + 名词名词 (或代词或代词) + 动词不定式，不定式表示将发生动词不定式，不定式表示将发生的动作。的动作。n With nothing to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. （原因状语）（原因状语）n With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.（原因状语（

13、原因状语）n With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out.（原因状语）（原因状语）n with + 名词名词 (或代词或代词) + 形容词形容词n I like to sleep with the windows open.（伴随情况）（伴随情况）n With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently.（原因状语）（原因状语）n With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. （原因

14、状语）（原因状语）n With his father well-known, the boy didnt want to study. （原因状语）（原因状语）n with + 名词名词 (或代词或代词) + 介词短语介词短语n With the children at school, we cant take our vacation when we want to.（原因状语）（原因状语）n The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.（行为方式）（行为方式）n with + 名词名词 (或代词或代词) + 副词副词n He

15、fell asleep with the light on.（伴随情况）（伴随情况）n The boy stood there with his head down.（伴随情况（伴随情况）n With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. （原因状语）（原因状语）n 独立主格结构独立主格结构n非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们

16、称之为独立主格结构。其实，所谓主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构。其实，所谓“独立主格结构独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代构。在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。n 不定式不定式“独立主格结构独立主格结构”n在在“逻辑主语逻辑主语+动词不定式动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结

17、构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。句来表达。n An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.n He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.（借（借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。）助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。）n They said good-bye to each oth

18、er, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. (他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。）n -ing形式形式“独立主格结构独立主格结构”n 表示时间的表示时间的-ing形式作形式作“独立主格结构独立主格结构”：n Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.（Everyone being ready相当于一个时间状语从句相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)n The chairman began the m

19、eeting, everyone being seated. （The chairman began the meeting相当于一相当于一个时间状语从句个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）n 表示原因的表示原因的-ing形式作形式作“独立主格结构独立主格结构”：n The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. n （The boy leading the way相当于一个原因状语从句相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way）n Many

20、 eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.n （Many eyes watching him相当于一个原因状语从句相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him） n 表示条件的表示条件的-ing形式作形式作“独立主格结构独立主格结构”：n Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. n （Time permitting相当于一个条件状语从句相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)n My health allowing, I will work

21、far into the night.n （My health allowing相当于一个条件状语从句相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）n 表示方式的表示方式的-ing形式作形式作“独立主格结构独立主格结构”：n The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.n （each wearing a card in front of his chest相当于一个相当于一个并列分句并列分句and each wears a card in fr

22、ont of his chest）n The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. n （his eyes looking at the sky相当于一个并列分句相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）n 含有含有being的独立主格结构：的独立主格结构：n It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. n = As it is National Day today, the streets are very

23、crowded.n There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. n = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.n There being nothing else to do, I went to bed. (表示原因）表示原因）n There having been no rain, the ground was dry. (表示原因）表示原因）n There being another chance, Ill do it be

24、tter.（表示条件）（表示条件）n 下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或（或having been）不能省略：）不能省略：n 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。 n It being Sunday, we went to church. n 在在There being名词的结构中。名词的结构中。 n There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. n -ed形式形式“独立主格结构独立主格结构”n 与逻辑主语与逻辑主语+动词的动词的-ing形式一样，如果形式一样，如果-ed形式形式的逻

25、辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。形式的独立主格结构。n The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. n （独立主格结构在句中作原因状语，（独立主格结构在句中作原因状语，The book written in simple English相当于一个原因状语从句相当于一个原因状语从句 As the book was written in simple English） n He was listening attent

26、ively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. （独立主格结构在句中作方式状语）（独立主格结构在句中作方式状语）n = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.n 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。n The task completed, he had two months leave. n （独立主格结构在句中作时间状语，（独立主格结构在句中作时间状语，The task completed

27、 相当于相当于When the task had been completed, he had two months leave.）n 独立主格结构三种形式比较独立主格结构三种形式比较n 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已形式表示动作已经结束，动词经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。形式往往表示动作正在进行。n The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去经理看上去很着急很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理有这么多的事情要处理

28、。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式本人来处理，用不定式to settle）n The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形形式式settled表示动作已经结束）表示动作已经结束）n The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行），一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）n The food

29、 cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）n 名词名词/主格代词主格代词+形容词。形容词。n An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.（那架飞机（那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还遭遇了空难，无一人生还 。）。）n So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. (这么这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。）多人缺席，会议不得不取

30、消。）n 名词名词/主格代词主格代词+副词。副词。 n He put on his sweater wrong side out. (他把毛衣穿反了。）他把毛衣穿反了。）n The meeting over, they all went home. (会议一结束，他们就都回会议一结束，他们就都回家了。）家了。）n 名词名词/ 主格代词主格代词+介词短语。介词短语。n The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （男孩们进了教室（男孩们进了教室，手里拿着书。），手里拿着书。）n Mary was sitting near the fire, her

31、back towards the door. (玛丽玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。）靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。）n 独立主格特点独立主格特点n 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。独立主格结构没有所有格形式。n The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们主编来了，我们开始开会。开始开会。n (比较动名词复合结构：比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised. ）n 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成

32、时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。谓语之前。n The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began. 听众听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。坐好后，音乐会开始了。n Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. n 由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。n 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不