电子器件和光子器件比较

1、电子器件和光子器件比较电子器件和光子器件比较21 GRIN Lens GRIN lenses are short cylindrical lengths of glass with a graded refractive index: the index decreases with the square of the distance from the axis of the lens. GRIN lenses are very similar to graded index fibre and are sometimes called SELFOC lenses.电子器件和光子器件比较3球

2、面透镜和球面透镜和GRIN透镜透镜1、均匀折射率分布材料2、依靠弯曲的光学界面 实现光学成像3、通过非球面来克服像差， 提高成像质量1、渐变折射率分布材料2、依靠光线轨迹的弯曲 实现光学成像3、通过优化折射率分布， 提高成像质量电子器件和光子器件比较4GRIN透镜的应用：准直透镜的应用：准直-聚焦聚焦0.25节长透镜：轴上节长透镜：轴上0.25节长透镜：离轴节长透镜：离轴电子器件和光子器件比较5GRIN透镜的应用：光源耦合透镜的应用：光源耦合0.23节长透镜：孔径角压缩节长透镜：孔径角压缩0.29节长透镜：光斑压缩节长透镜：光斑压缩电子器件和光子器件比较6光纤准直器结构光纤准直器结构80玻璃套

3、管GRIN透镜玻璃毛细管光纤电子器件和光子器件比较7干涉滤光片型波分复用器干涉滤光片型波分复用器 1 16 1 15 16 1 14 15 16 15电子器件和光子器件比较8SMFSMFLensLensLensLensLens通道通道 1通道通道 7通道通道 5通道通道 3通道通道 8通道通道 6通道通道 2通道通道 4LensLensLensLensMicroPlasma 多层介质膜滤波器多层介质膜滤波器 (8 通道通道)电子器件和光子器件比较9An optical amplifier is a device which amplifies the optical signal direct

4、ly without ever changing it to electricity. The light itself is amplified.电子器件和光子器件比较10 Amplifiers can be built in semiconductor: Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs). Almost any semiconductor laser can be made into an amplifier with a few modifications Amplifiers can be built in fibres: Fibre Am

5、plifiers EDFA: Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers PDFA: Praseodymium Doped Fibre Amplifiers NDFA: Neodymium Doped Fibre Amplifiers SRFA: Stimulated Raman Fibre Amplifiers PFA: Plastic Fibre Amplifier电子器件和光子器件比较11光信号(In)光信号(Out)泵浦能源Pumping EnergySignal inSignal out电子器件和光子器件比较12 电子器件和光子器件比较13isolatorWDMiso

6、latorinput signaloutput signalPump laserPump laserEDF电子器件和光子器件比较14电子器件和光子器件比较15CouplerFilterCoupler电子器件和光子器件比较16电子器件和光子器件比较17 to combine signals and/or to split them multiple ways. up to 1000 x1000 for WDM LANs three important characteristics Return Loss:the amount of power that is reflected and thu

7、s lost. Insertion Loss:the amount of signal lost in the total transit through the device. Excess Loss:additional loss of a device over and above the loss required by theory. 电子器件和光子器件比较18电子器件和光子器件比较19 电子器件和光子器件比较20电子器件和光子器件比较21电子器件和光子器件比较22A coupler that splits only a small part of the light into on

8、e output and leaves most in the other is often called a “tap”.For example : 99:1 coupler or 1% tap.you cannot use a simple coupler to take all of the light in two fibres and merge it onto one fibre.电子器件和光子器件比较23Power Input to an EDFASplitting Wavelengths for Simple WDMAdding the Management Channel i

9、n DWDM 电子器件和光子器件比较24An isolator is a device that allows light to pass along a fibre in one direction but not in the opposite direction.电子器件和光子器件比较25Light travelling within the material has its plane of polarization (electric and magnetic field vectors) rotated by an amount depending on the length an

10、d the strength of the magnetic field.the most important aspect is that the effect is asymmetric.materials : YIG (Yttrium-Iron-Garnet) 电子器件和光子器件比较26电子器件和光子器件比较27separating the incoming ray into its two orthogonal polarizationsprocessing them separately and then re-combining them at the output电子器件和光子器

11、件比较28电子器件和光子器件比较29电子器件和光子器件比较30Light entering at any particular port (say port 1) travels around the circulator and exits at the next port (say port 2). Light entering at port 2 leaves at port 3 and so on.电子器件和光子器件比较31Polarizing Beam Splitter Cube, Birefringent “Walk-off” Block(YVO4), Faraday Rotato

12、r and Phase Plate 电子器件和光子器件比较32A ray input on Port 1 is split into two separate rays of orthogonal polarizations by first birefringent walk-off block (block A) .Both rays are rotated through 90.The two rays meet another birefringent walk-off block (block B) identical with the first.The light is refr

13、acted and re-combined 电子器件和光子器件比较33电子器件和光子器件比较34电子器件和光子器件比较35A typical loop diameter: about 750 mm.电子器件和光子器件比较36电子器件和光子器件比较376 Optical Switches1 1、机械式光开关、机械式光开关移动光纤、套管或自聚焦透镜式移动光纤、套管或自聚焦透镜式电磁驱动、压电陶瓷驱动等电磁驱动、压电陶瓷驱动等电子器件和光子器件比较38移动反射镜式移动反射镜式电子器件和光子器件比较392 2、磁光、电光效应式光开关、磁光、电光效应式光开关电子器件和光子器件比较403 3、集成光学光开

14、关、集成光学光开关集成光波导光开关（电光、热光）集成光波导光开关（电光、热光）M-ZM-Z型型光开关光开关电子器件和光子器件比较41MEMSMEMS电子器件和光子器件比较42OADMOADM、OXCOXC本节点信本节点信息息输入输入光纤光纤 1 2 3 4DEMMUX输出输出光纤光纤 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4RXTX电子器件和光子器件比较43电子器件和光子器件比较44电子器件和光子器件比较45The input and output stages consist of star couplers called “Free Space Couplers” (FSCs). T

15、he inside of an FSC is just a “free space”.When the signal arrives at the first Free Space Coupler (FSC) it diffracts in many directions and is distributed more or less evenly among the waveguides of the central section. 电子器件和光子器件比较46电子器件和光子器件比较47The “grating region” is just a set of parallel waveguides of different lengths. These waveguides are far enough apart so that the evanescent field in one guide does not extend into any other guide. There is no coupling of powe