初一英语入门教学资料

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上初一英语入门教学资料一·语法：名 词专题知识清单一、名词的种类：专有名词：专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。除个别外，专有名词通常没有复数形式。普通名词：普通名词是一类人、物或一个抽象概念的名称。 普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词二、名词的数：个体名词是一类可以单个独立存在的人、动植物、和团体的名称。个体名词通常是可数名词，有单复数形式。A名词复数的规则变化：情况构成方法例词一般情况加 s, 清辅音后读/ s /,浊辅音和元音后读/ z /map-maps bag-bagskey-keys boy-b

2、oys 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加 es, 读 / iz /bus-buses watch-watches以f,fe等结尾的词改f,fe为v再加 es,读 / iz /knife-knives leaf-leaveseswife-wives以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i, 再加es, 读 / z /comedy-comediesbaby-babies以辅音字母加o结尾的词加 es, 读/ z /potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes注意：photo-photos radioradios zoo-zoosB. 名词复数的不规则变化：child-children

3、 foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geeseman-men woman-women mouse-miceC. 中、日、鹿、绵羊无变化，单数、复数是一家。Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, deer deer, sheep sheep三、不可数名词包括: 流体 air, water, milk 颗粒状物体 rice, salt 抽象名词 information 总称名词 money, time 自然现象 rain, wind 学科 math，scienceA用容器来表示不可数名词的量：a cup of tea two pieces of

4、 breadB用much, a lot of, some，any,a little , little表示多少：四、名词的所有格：有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“”；并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“s”；如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A。一、“ s ”所有格的用法:1. 表示有生命物的名词的所有格。the boy's mother 男孩的母亲 Kates school bagthe cat's neck 猫的脖子 注意：表示共有和各自所有: Jim

5、and Jacks room Lucys and Lilys backpacks2. 表示时间： a day's journey 一天的旅程 ten minutes walk 十分钟的步行a month's time 一个月的时间 today's newspaper 今天的报纸 3. 表示自然现象： the moon's rays 月光 the tree's branch 树枝 the earth's atmosphere 地球的大气层 5. 表示工作群体： the company's new factory 公司的新工厂 the shi

6、p's crew 船上的工作人员 the newspaper's editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针 6. 表示度量衡及价值： a mile's distance 一英里的距离 twenty-five pounds' weight 25磅的重量 thirty dollars' value 30美元的价值 8. 一些固定词组： a bird's eye view 鸟瞰 a stone's throw 一箭之遥 in one's mind's eye 在某人的心目中 an arm's length 疏

7、远二、表示无生命物的名词所有格: a map of China the window of the classroom三、修饰语较多时： the tail of the old black cat 老黑猫的尾巴 the car of my father's lawyer 我父亲的律师的小车 the fence of Janes garden Lucy花园的篱笆基础练习：一 首先判断出下列名词是可数名词还是不可数名词, 并将可数名词变成相应的复数形式 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7

8、. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. food _ 22. chicken _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. radio _ 26. sheep _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31.

9、leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ edy_ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.garden _ 42. building_ 43 box_ 44. student_ 45. milk _46. cake_ 47. bread _ 48.people_49.work_ 50.key_二 列举同类单词数个。食品： food meat snack milk bread _水果：Fruit: apple pear orange watermelon_称谓：gran

10、dparents father mother _文具：book pencil pen ruler _天气：weather sunny rainy _颜色：colour red white black _星期：week Monday Tuesday Wednesday _月份：month January February March _动物：animal dog bear elephant _交通：transportation bus car jeep _科目：subject Chinese English biology _三填入单词的适当形式：1. Two live in this buil

11、ding. (family)2. Look at those .(child)3. I can see a standing near the door. (policeman)4. There are some on the table. (glass)5. Would you like some ? (bread)6. I have two . (sister)7. I like . (cat)8. Do you want some for supper? (potato)9. He has two . One is old, the other is new. (watch)10. In

12、 autumn, you can see a lot of on the ground. (leaf)11. Do you drink much (milk)?12. He had two of tea. (cup)13. Give me some , please. (paper)2、将下列词组译成英语：一杯咖啡 一杯水 一条新闻 许多钱 一些面包 _ 两张纸 _两箱子苹果_ 一副眼镜_ 四瓶橘汁 _五杯茶_ 三篮子蔬菜 _ 一群孩子 _3. 写出下列各词的名词形式： 1. work _ 2. teach _ 3. sing _ 4. ill _ 5. invent _ 6. wait _

13、7. thankful _8. foreign _9. cloudy _ 10. run _ 11. funny _ 12. begin _ 13. build _ 14. draw _ 15.act _4、选择题(1)We need some more . Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe(2)Can we have some ? Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear(3) Sheep _ white and mi

14、lk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are (4)Would you like tea? No, thanks. I have drunk two .A. any; bottles of orange B. some; bottles of orangeC. many; bottles of oranges D. few; bottle of oranges(5)He is hungry. Give him to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of breadC. two pieces

15、 of bread D. two pieces of breads(6)Please give me paper. A. oneB. a pieceC. a piece ofD. many(7) How many have you got on your farm?Ive got five. A. sheepsB. sheepC. pigD. chicken (8) What would you like to have for lunch, sir? Id like !A. chickenB. a chickenC. chickensD. the chicken (9) for your i

16、nvitation. A. ThankB. ThanksC. A thankD. An thank (10) This is bedroom. A. the twin B. the twins C. The twin D. The twins(11) There are more than 50 in China but there are only three my family.A. people; peronB. peoples; perons C. people; peronsD.peoples; person (12)Many _ are singing over there. A.

17、 woman B. women C. girl D. child (13)Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities (14)Tom is _. He will come to see me. A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine (15)They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many hom

18、ework D. much homeworks 专项中考热点1 I read _ sports news about the running race today.A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of2. We have _ at seven in the morning.A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. dinner3. I am thirsty(口渴的). Would you bring me _, please?A. some bread B. some tea C. some cakes D. some eggs4. I am very happy when I see many _ on the farm.A. chicken B. sheep C. duck5. The hospital in not far. Its only _ walk. A. three minutes B. three minute C. three minutes6. The bookshelf