定语从句 (2)

1、（定语从句）l定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句一般都放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的成分。The man who plays the key part here is Mr.Liu.主句主句放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句修饰名词的从句后后先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句限定性定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句引导词引导词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词关系副词:that, which, who, whom, whose, aswhen, where, why

2、l1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切， 写时不可用逗号分开。 Eg:The accident happened on the day when I lost my job.Eg: I spent a whole holiday with John, who was very friendly and helpful. l 2) 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明， 如果去掉， 主句的意思仍然很清楚。 这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 引导

3、。关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词 的作用的作用指代作用指代作用连接句子的作用连接句子的作用That tall man is Toms father and he works in a shoe factory.That tall man is Toms father, _ works in a shoe factory.whothat宾语宾语(2)指物时，指物时，that与与which可以互换，但可以互换，但要注意在特定情况下要注意在特定情况下that与与which的选的选用。用。I. 关系代词的用法：关系代词的用法： 1. that 和和 which (1) that , which

4、都可以指物，都可以指物， 还还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语， 作作_ 时可以省略。时可以省略。只用只用that 的情况的情况:1.先行词为不定代词或有不定代词修饰的先行词为不定代词或有不定代词修饰的如如:everything, anything, all, much, nothing, any等等. Is there anything that I can do for you? 2.先行词被最高级修饰的先行词被最高级修饰的.3.先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 修饰的修饰的This will be

5、 the last chance that he can get.This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 7.主句是以主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句时时,一般用一般用that引导定语从句引导定语从句(而不用而不用who, whom, which)。4.先行词既包括人又包括物时先行词既包括人又包括物时. They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 5.当先行词是序数词修饰时当先行词是序数词修饰时He wa

6、s the first person that passed the exam.6.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时 Tom told her mother all that had happened. Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? True or false1.All which you need to do is to press the button .2. I have read all the books that you gave me.3. This is the best

7、 novel that I have read.that4. This is the very book which I want to look for.5. The last place that we visited was the chemical works.6. They talked about the teachers and schools which they had visited.thatthat用用which 的情况：的情况：1.用于非限定定语从句中用于非限定定语从句中.2.用于介词后用于介词后I have rent a house , which is very b

8、ig.I want to rent a house which/that is very big.The chair on which he is sitting is made of plastics.The chair (which/that) he is sitting on is made of plastics.2. who 和和 whom(1)who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。主语或宾语。(2)whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只能作宾语。能作宾语。(3)who不可以用在介词后不可以用在介词后,而而whom可以。可

9、以。Do you know the man _I talked to just now.who/whom/that/-Do you know the man to_I talked just now.whomThe number of people _lost homes reached as many as 250,000.who/that3. whose的用法的用法(1)whose即可以指人也可以指物，在定语即可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。从句中作定语。(2) whose指物时可以与指物时可以与of which互换。互换。whose + n. = the + n. + of wh

10、ichof which + the + n.The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.The river, of which the banks are covered with trees, flows to the sea.whose4. as 的用法的用法 as 在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用在一般用在 the sameas ，as m

11、any (much)as 或或suchas结构中。结构中。 Such teachers as he know are all kind to him.I want to buy the same pen as you are using.Dont buy such books as will do you harm.(1) 意思不同。意思不同。as 表示表示“正如正如那样那样”, which 表示表示“ 这一点这一点” “这件事这件事”。(2)as 所引导的从句可放在主句前或主所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在所引导的从句只可放在主句后。主句后。(3)a

12、s所引导的从句中，动词常用所引导的从句中，动词常用know, see, expect, point out, say, tell, report等。等。5. as 和和 which 都可以引导非限定性定语都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是的区别是:As we all know, China is a developing country.As is known to all, China is a developing country.His dog died, which made him unhappy.II. 关系副词关

13、系副词when, where, why的用法的用法(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3)why的先行词只有的先行词只有reason，why在从句在从句中作原因状语。中作原因状语。关系副词关系副词 = 介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词1.I will never forget the day when/on which I reached here.2.This is the school where/at which I used to teach.III 使用定语从句时应注意的问题使用

14、定语从句时应注意的问题1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。必须充当句子成分。2.关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。 I, who am a student, study very hard.He is one of the students who believe it.He is the only one of the students who believes it.4.the way

15、 （方式，方法）作先行词时，（方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用关系代词用 that / in which / 不填。不填。 3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。中，关系代词不可以省略。5.time作先行词，用作先行词，用when或或that引导定语引导定语从句均可，而且从句均可，而且that常常可以省略。常常可以省略。 eg. The last time (that) I saw her was a fine morning in May.Exercises:I.Fil

16、l in the blanks 1. The man _ you met yesterday is a friend of mine.2. Did you see the letter _ was put on your table ?3. Here comes the man _ English is excellent.whom/who/thatwhich/thatwhose4. That is the day _ I was born.5. I dont know the reason _ he was late.6. Who is the girl _ is standing at t

17、he door ?7. That is the book _ the cover is blue.8. He was proud, _ I dislike very much. when/on whichwhy / for which thatof whichwhichII. Choose the best answers 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that2. In the dark street, there wasnt a sin

18、gle person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomBD3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. A.what B.which C.that D.it4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. where B.which C.that D.

19、whenBA5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. A.it B.that C.when D.which6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.with which C.by which D.DD7. He invited ten friends to his home，and _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them8. He invited ten friends to his home, _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of themCA9. My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which10. Is this the factory _ you