小学英语语法大全完美版(含练习)

1、目录概述 1第一讲句子 2第二讲名词 4第三讲冠词 7第四讲代词 9第五讲形容词和数词 11第六讲副词 14第七讲介词 15第八讲连词 17第九讲动词 18第十讲语法的基本概念 20第十一讲一般现在时 22第十二讲现在进行时 24第十三讲一般过去时 26第十四讲一般将来时 28第十五讲句法 30第十六讲话题 32概述英语语法是什么：英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。英语语法是分类的，分为词法和句法。小学英语语法和初高中相比较，只是在语法数量和难易程度上 有差别。英语有些方面是有一些规律可循的， 但是英语还有它另外一个

2、显著的特点， 那就是知识点的 零碎、分散。万丈高楼从地起，想要学好英语，那就需要注重英语基础。基础打牢才会越学越轻松。对于小学语法的讲解，将会从 词法、句法、时态三 个方面展开：【词法】八大词法：名词 形容词 副词 代词 动词 数词 介词 冠词【句法】七种句型：陈诉句、疑问句（一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句）祈使句、被动句、There be句型、if条件句、感叹句【时态】四种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时第一讲：句子mom名词的定义名词的种类月份类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类第二讲：名词学科、报刊名也是专有名词e.g. Monday, May, Ch

3、ristmas, Spring Festival, Maths, China Dailye.g. Jim Gree New York, Bank of China, Peking University专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团 体机构名称可数名词/、口数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如： water , rice , sand, hair抽象名词表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love , carelessnes

4、s个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为 不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。注意： 集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。 集体名词被看作 若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families.我们村有 300 户人家。二

5、：名词的数：1 .规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, p

6、roof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为party-parties, family-families, story-stories,i 加-escity-cities5以兀音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有 名词以y结尾的，力口 -stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音 字母加 -o结尾 的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-pho

7、tos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2 .不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, go

8、ose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,3只后复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,

9、drinks（饮料），sands（沙滩），papers（文件报纸）, 100ks（外表）,brains（头脑智力）,greens倩菜）7表小某国 人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 结尾的改Englishmen, Frenchwomen为-men,-women8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy

10、friends无主体名词时将最后一部分 变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants三、名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加构成，二是由介词 of加名词构成。前者多表本有生命的东西，后者多表不无生命的东西。1 .所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack s book, her son s photo,一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,复数名词不规则复数名词

11、后加sthe children s toys, women s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加或者Dickens novels, Charles s job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有美系时，各名词末尾Japan s and America s problems, Jane s ard Mary s均须加Sbikes表示共有的所有美系时在最舟-词Japan and America s problems, JanMand s father末加S表示U某人家店铺，所有格the doctor s, the barber s, the tailor s,my uncle s

12、后名词省略2 .所有格的用法:1表小时间today s newspaper, five weeks holiday2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的 名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ship s crew, majoritys view, the team s victory5表示度量衡及价值a mile s journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系

13、 的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a bird 措）s eye view, a stones throw, at srendn所 s3 . of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时： the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed练习:bus-lunch-carmantoy-family-potato-life-ch

14、ild-Chinese-fox-baby-1. Theresome wine in the bottle.A. isB. areC. beD. being2. Mice afraid of cats.A. isB. areC. wasD. be3. Mathematics my favourite subject.A. is B. are C. be D. were4. My father has almost .A. two hundred sheep B. two hundred sheeps C. two hundreds sheep D. two hundreds sheeps5. T

15、here are in the park.A. six child B. six childs C. six children D. six childrens第三讲：冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法：不定冠词a, an用在单数可数名词 前面，泛指一类人或物中的任何一个1指,类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表小 陈- 相当于 every, oneWe study eight hours a da

16、y.4Wtk 相同 相the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人 有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用丁 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a bi

17、g one.8用丁 so（as, too, how）+形谷词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II .定冠词的用法：定冠词the用在单数或复数可数名词 前，也可用在不可数名词前1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独f二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the

18、guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示家人”或夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the

19、1990 s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组刖He patted me on the shoulder.III .零冠词的用法：零冠词：名词前不用冠词的情况1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份

20、，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.练习：1. The

21、re is notebook on my desk. I use notebook to keep a diary.2. There is bottle on the table. water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is English teacher. She teaches in primary school.4. China is ancient country with long history.5. China has population of 12 hundred million. Chinese people are great peop

22、le.6. Her mother is university teacher. She is honest woman.7. None of books should be taken out of room without permission of librarian.8. Party alwaysteaches us to work for peopleheart and soul.9. Shestudies at No. 3 Middle School. Shegoes to school by bus every day.10. My elder sister is student

23、of English. She studies at college.11. Monday before Spring Festival was very cold.12. Have you had dinner?13. He lives in Shanghai.14. She is wearing sunglasses.15. Are you busy?16. I have money.17. Does Lisa want to be actress?18. Ori is best student in our class.19. Are those your shoes?20. My si

24、ster is playing piano.第四讲：代词1、人称代词：表示 我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem主格一般用在句子开头做主语，通常用在动词前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.d宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象，一般用在动词和介词后面。e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你

25、们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirsW容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如：my watch, his cousin, our schoold洛词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词，故其后不能再加名词，可单独使用。e.g. Is that your bike? No. Mine is blue.3、不定代词：没有明确指定代替某个（些）人或物的词叫不定代词。（1）some 和 any都表示 J些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。som战用在肯定句中，any多用在否定句和疑问句中。

26、e.g. There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There isn J t any milk in the fridge.（否定句）Do you have any hobbies?（疑问句）在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答 的疑问句中也要用somee.g. Would you like some coffee?Yes, please.（ Mum, can I have some peaches? Sfce!对方给予肯定回答）(2) both 和 allboth表示 两个都”，只指代或修饰可数名词。e.g. We are both policeme

27、n.(强调两人)all表示三个或三个以上都”，既可指代或修饰可数名词，也可指代或修饰不可数名词。e.g. They are all in the room.(至少三人)(3) many和much都表示许多，many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.(4) each 和 everyeach强调个人，指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的每个；every是指许多人或事物的 全体”,与all的意思相近。e.g. I ll buy a present for each of her pa

28、rent豉要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。Every book in his study is interesting.他书房里的每本书都很有趣。(5) other作形容词时意思是 其他的”，指尚未提到的部分，其后一般接复数名词。e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.(6) something 和 everything something某事； 某物 e.g. I want something to drink. everything 一切事物； 每样事物e.g. Tell me everything about you.

29、(7) nobody 没有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.4、疑问代词：用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词，一般放在疑问句的句首what问什么What s your name? My name is Tom.What colour问颜色What colour is your coat? It s red.what day问星期What day is it today? It s Monday.what date问日期What date is it today? It s the first of June.what shape问形状What

30、 shape is the moon? It s round.what - job问工作What s your father s job? He s a bus driver.what time问时间What time is it? It s ten o clock.when问时候When is your birthday? It s on the first of May.which问哪个Which is your watch, this one or that one? That one.where问地点Where is my pen? It s on the floor.who问谁Who

31、 is the boy with big eyes? He s Liu Tao.whose问谁的Whose bag is this? It s Helen s.why问原因Why are you absent today? I m ill.how问方式 How do you go to school? By bus.how many问数量 How many books are there?There are five.how much问价钱 How much is it? Twentyyuan.how old问年龄 How old are you? I m twelve.how far问跑离

32、How far is it from here? It s about one kilometer.how about问情况 I m thirstytow about you? Me, too.5、指示代词this （这个）、these （这些）表示在时间上或空间上 较近的人或物that （那个）、those （那些）表示在时间上或空间上 较远的人或物选择题：1. Ori and Mari are good friends.study together.A. They B. She C. He D. Them2. Mari and I are from England.are English.

33、A. They B. We C. She D. It3. I am going to play tennis with.A. She B. her C. he D. his4. Mari: Where is my pencil? Ori:is on the sofa.A. It B. One C. They D. Its5. Ori: Do you have a computer? Mari: Yes, I haveA. itB. them C. one D. ones第五讲：形容词和数词形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前, 也可以放在be

34、动词和look、feel、taste sound get之后。一、形容词的种类1 .用来表示性质或状态的描述形容词Love is blue.（爱情是忧郁的。）2 .指代事物的指示形容词That student is smart.那个学生很聪明）3 .属于数量形容词的不定量形容词（1）表示 数”的形容词用来修饰可数名词many。艮多的）There are many dogs in the park.a few （几个，一些）I have a few tickets.few（几乎没有的）I have few friends.（2）表示量”的形容词用来修饰不可数名词much。艮多的）There is

35、 much milk in the bottle.a little（一点的）There is a little soup in the bowl.Little（几乎没有的）There is little soup in the bowl.（3）可数与不可数名词均可修饰some, any, a lot of （=lots of）, noShe has some friends.She has some money.4 .属于数量形容词的数词(1)基数词：1, 2, 3这些表示基本数字的词one, two, three, four, five基数词：表示数目多少。基数词变序数词记忆口诀：一、二、三

36、，需要记，八去t,九省e, ve结尾时，f来代替, ty结尾时，y变ie,再加th,若是几十几，前基后序别忘记。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty -two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意：数字”时以读作“z

37、ero,”也可以读作字母&(2)序数词：第一、第二、第三 这些表示顺序的词first(lst), second(2nd), third(3rd), fourth(4th)序数词：表示顺序先后1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty -first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty -second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsi

38、xtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth(2)倍数词：一倍，两倍，三倍等表示倍数的词在英语中，形容词有三个等级，即 原级、比较级和最高级。1、表示两者 等同”时用原级，结构为：as+原级+ as,表示“x*口 xx一样 e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister?其否定形式结构为：not + as

39、+原级+ as,表示“xxF口 xxx不一样”e.g. I mot as tall as you.2、表示两者 比较”时用比较级，结构为：比较级+ than ,表示“xX：匕xxx更 e.g. He s one year younger than me.形容词比较级的构成规则：一般在词尾加ere.g. taller, longer, stronger, younger以字母e结尾，只加re.g. late later, nice nicer 以辅音字母+ y结尾，变y为i,再加ere.g. heavy heavier双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ere.g. fat fatter, thin thi

40、nner, big bigger 双音节和多音节词的比较级，在原级前加moree.g. more beautiful, more careful不规则变化e.g. good-better, many / much-more, far-farther, bad / 川-worse3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，用形容词最高级。结构为：the +形容词最高级 +in/of等表示范围的短语，表示最e.g. Autumn is the best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.练习：1. Shanghai is tha

41、n Beijing. It is city in our country. (large)2. Bill isn t as as Mike. Tom is than Mike. Who is of the threeboys? (old)3. Mary draws as as Bill, and she is much than him at singing. (well, good)4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting and .(warm)5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week.

42、 John s computer is muchthan Tom s and mine. It is of the three. (expensive)1. Mari has .A. few friendsB. a few friendsC. little friendD. a little friends2. Does Mari have ?A. many bookB. many booksC. much bookD. much books3. There in the parking lot.A. was a lot of car B. was a lot of cars C. were

43、a lot of car D. were a lot of cars4. How there in the bottle?D. much wines areA. many wine is B. many wines are C. much wine is5. There in this lake.A. isn many water B. isn t much wateC. aren t many wate& aren t much water第六讲：副词定义：副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词，说明时间、程度、方式等概念。大多数副词都可以放 在动词后面。e.g. dance beautiful

44、ly, listen carefully, sit quietly, speak loudly, very happy副词的分类：大部分副词的形态都是：形容词+ ly”部分副词的形态与其形容词一致1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, r

45、eally7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why翻译句子1. This is a hard work.2. He works very hard.3. I had an breakfast.4. Snow fell early this winter.5. I haven t seen him lately.6. He studied very hard.7. He could hard

46、ly speak French.第七讲：介词定义：介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾 格）或动t（动词ing形式）前面。1、in 在里面。 如：in the classroomin+颜色，穿着颜色的衣服。如：Who s the man in white?in +语言，用某种语言说。如：What s this in English?在上午、下午、晚上。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening在年、月、季节前。如：in 2008, in August, in summer在国家、城市和较大的

47、地方前 。如：in China, in Wuxi, in the playground 固定搭配。 如：inthe middle of （在中间），do well in （擅长），in the day （在白天）,takepart in （参加），stay in bed （躺在床上），in the street （在街上）2、on4上面。 如：on the desk在某一天（上、下午）前 。如：on the 5th of May, on Sunday on Monday morning以 Day 结尾的节日前。如：on Children s Dayn New Year s Day固定搭配。如：

48、on foot （步行），on duty （值日），put on （穿上），get on （上车）turn on （打开）,on the right / left （在右边/左边）,on the wall （在墙上），on ZhongshanRoad （在中山路上）注 意：树上长的水果用on the tree;不是树上长的外来物 用in the tree。如：I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.3、at某个时刻前。如：at seven o clock传统节日前。如：at Spring Festiva

49、l, at Mid-Autumn Festival, at Christmas较小的地点。如：at the bus stopd0定搭配。如：at once （立刻，马上）,be good at （擅长）,look at （看）,at home （在家）,at school （在学校）,at weekends （在周末）,at the back of （在后部）,at night （在夜晚）4、under 在下面 如：There is a cat under the table.5、 behind 在后面 如：There is an umbrella behind the door.6、near

50、 靠近 如：There is a park near my house.7、 beside 在旁边 如：The students are standing beside the teacher.8、 next to 紧靠旁边 如：The teachers office is next to our classroom.9、before （时间上）在 之前 如：before class （上课前）10、after（时间上）在 之后；依照固定搭配：after class （课后），after school （放学后），look after （照看）,run after （追赶），read afte

51、r me （跟我读）11、between 在两者之间 如：There are some trees between Building A and Building B.12、by 乘某种交通工具 如：by bus, by plane, by the way （顺便说一下）13、frombe from = come from （来自） 如： Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.from to （从至U） We go to school from Monday to Friday.14、to至ij、去 如：Let s go to the zoO.定搭配：write

52、to （给 xx 写信）15、about 关于；大约如:I want to buy a book about animals. It s about one kilometer away.16、for 为、给 如：Here s a letter for you.What s for breakfast?固定搭配：look for （寻找），wait for （等候）17、with起。 如：I ll go shopping with my mother.M有某种特征。如： Who s the boy with big eyes?help. with.在某方面帮助某人如：Can you help me with my English?play with. 和一起玩； 拿玩 如：play with me, play with a yo-yo18、in front of 在前面 如：There is a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of 在前部 如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.19、along 沿着，顺着 如： Go along this street.20、as 作为 如