工程管理英文论文(汉译英)

1、The study on the stage of the project cost management (Jack (Yan Genfeng); Student ID: 11B310043;Administration specialty)Abstract: Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost managem

2、ent situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives.Keywords: cost of the construction project; the status of construction cost management; management of investment under the market economy of decision-m

3、aking stage; the designphase; theimplementation phase 1IntroductionEven under the WTO andChina's accession to the world community, China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the curren

4、t budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment.Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control

5、of the project cost.As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process, stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage, the design andimplementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimizationof theconstructionplans anddesignprograms on the

6、basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.2 Engineering and cost managementwork of thecurrent status of project costManagement system was formed in the

7、1950s, and perfect together in the 1980s.It is the activities that the country directly involved in the management of economic. Provisions in the design stage to different estimatesor budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget, content, methods and a

8、pproval, the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation, approval, management authority, and so on.With the historical process of the reform and development, It is formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. Ho

9、wever, as the socialist market economic development, the system's many problems have also exposed. Generallyspeaking,thebudgetestimateis based on directparticipation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. Enterprise is not theactual economic entities. Due to theAs the

10、socialistmarketcharacteristics of the planned economy, and, at the time under the conditions of productivity, will inevitably become a shortage in the economy.In severe shortageofcommodities under the conditions, as long as a certain level of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment,

11、 the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost, that constitutes key factors equipment and materials prices, wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment, the budget estimate for the

12、 system approved project cost, help the government to carry out investment economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years, international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China, the

13、 traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy, light the economy and technology,First, the consequences of victimization, Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control, cost manageme

14、nt makes the quality difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term可编辑goals.plans to play a major role.Second, the various stages of the decision-making phase of the project management view of the above project cost management circumstances, My first academia in the const

15、ruction project investment 1980s made the whole process of cost decision-making stage is proposed management and control concept, project proposals; conduct a building departments will study the feasibility study to determine feasibility of projects and the budgets investment estimation and the fina

16、l and final accounts to two extended at preparation of design task. At thisthe request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to new height.Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market econ

17、omy system goal, learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries, and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system, efforts to increase the project cost levels.Aninvestmentstage, the project's technical and economic decision-making,of thea construction pro

18、ject cost of the project after the completionof theeconomic benefits have a decisive influence, The construction cost is an important stage control.China's current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of clearing price, and focusing only on the construction proces

19、s of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investmentdecision-making stage of cost control.Investmentdecision-makingphase ofinvestment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making.It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of t

20、he reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects, the information can not be fully, comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small, estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at

21、 this stage do something.The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost, many ownershave the wrong understanding thatthe lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a numb

22、er of factors, a combinationof practical,comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage, the project's technicaland economicdecision-making, Cost of the project after the completion of the project and the economic benefits, with a decisive role in project

23、cost control is an important stage, rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioningand buildingOptimization guiding role.In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investmentand c

24、an form a good proportion.hopeless completion of the beardOtherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.At present, some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientificproof.Fe

25、asibility Studyuntrue,falseor engineeringfunctions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and ha

26、d to extend the timelimit so that the projectcould nothave plannedtheuse ofcost-effective,evenbecomeworks.Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs, we must do the following aspects:1) Implementation oftheconstructionprojectandcorporate acc

27、ountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge ofthe industry and s

28、upervisiondepartments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.2) Arealisticapproachtomarket analysis, to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projectsin the futuremarketcompetitiveness,design task more

29、scientific and reliability.3) Capital financing must have a formal commitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analy

30、zed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure.4) To strengthen the engineeringgeology,hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.Afte

31、r full technical appraisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable ， reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount ofinvestment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reason

32、able level.3 Design phase of the project cost controlThe design phase of the project cost control for a long time, China's building control very effective, works on cost control, and they foundthat the cost of the design will not have a great impact, it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of

33、 the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering design, constructionmethods, materials and equipmentCurrently most of the propertythe quality of product design level,owners in the design stage seldomand the design quality productsininvestment projects is not u

34、ncommon, this will affect owners of investment returns, it adds to the owners and within budget, as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management orthe owners make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the control of the project cost is of great significance, however the

35、project cost is the primary means of control design,types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase of the program or minor changes, project cost will havea significant impact, Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Followi

36、ng is how to control the project from design tocreate the Law:3.1 As the owners must designThe design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different design units on the same project design are different. the same item of diffe

37、rent design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between, We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design, Construction plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget, certainly different

38、 design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same, and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than 30%, and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost, and good design is often low cost, We all know that different people have different design st

39、yles and different levels, the design works naturally, therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step. Through tender to select the design of the units is a good method, the tender documents to elaborate on this particular aspect of the requirements, cost control targets, and so o

40、n.Otherwise, in the subsequent design process design units will put an increase in the cost of the design requirements; through tendering the project design into the market, compared to select the best design units.3.2 Promoting the design biddingand design optimization campaign modeDesign units ass

41、essed by experts using scientific groupFrance, in accordance with contemporary reducing the project applicable, economic, aesthetic cost on to rack their brains to improve principles and advanced technology,design quality, strive to put the designreasonable structure to meet phase of the project cos

42、t control building energy efficiency and approval of the investment ceiling. environmentalrequirements, 3.3 Strengthening the designcomprehensive assessment of the stage merits of the program design,The design phase to strengthenselection of the best determinationsupervision of the Commissioner toof

43、 the successful program.determine a reasonable design,Successful investment programmature technology, reduction in theestimated to be close to the general construction phase major design construction project scope of changes and changes in the program, investment. This means two design in the effect

44、ive control of the project contracts will help design the cost will play a role. 1 to the design of program of choice and competition to the project if the project supervision ensure that the selected design to get involved, excluding unfavorable advanced technology, unique novelty, factorsmay gener

45、ally is excludedadaptability, as well as to control thefrom the 80% errors. In the entirecost of the project. Designunits process ofbuildingcost control,should strive to improve their qualityconstruction began at best to saveof the project design clever idea, and invest 20%, the key lies in theconst

46、ructionphaseofthe and study, to the design staff costs, toidentificationandcontrolcosts.assist them in the investmentlimit withinSupervision ofthe designphaselimits designed to save and invest.Toinclude: DesignInstitute under theseek a one-time small investmentanddesigndrawingsand noteshelpeconomic

47、good design program madeownersdeal with differentdesignthe most rational economic indicators.optionsfor theeconomy,capital3.4 Design actively promote theexpendituretodevelop theso-called cap limit designpreliminary estimates, to ensure that Even with the approval of the the investment can be most de

48、sign task and investment effectively utilized. With the owners of estimates, guarantee the functional the Commissioner include:requirements of the premise. TheAccording to the Design Institute to preliminary designand controlprovide design drawings and notes tobudget, according to the help owners de

49、al with different designpreliminaryapprovalof the totaloptions for the economy, capitalbudget for the design and expenditures to develop the preliminary construction design control. Limits, plan to ensure that investment can beand every one professional, each of most effectively used; with the owner

50、s of whom have a design threshold of a differentdesignoptions, the need totarget.In thedesignprocess,calculate theirownmaterials anddesigners shouldprogressto moreequipment to conduct a cost analysisprograms, design optimization,ensuring that the design is managementonly emphasizestechnically advanc

51、ed and reasonable, innovative, stylish, and do not break the limit investment objectives, thus eliminating the engineering design raise the factor of safety and design standards, or only consider the technical feasibility of the program, rather than economic rationality phenomenon, the project cost

52、to ensure effective control.Also known as the value of value engineering analysis, is a modern scientific management technique, is a new techno-economic analysis, is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective method. It made up for the

53、 traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and qualityimproving the quality deficiencies, construction is conducive to resolving the long-standing long period, a lot of wastage, poor quality, high-cost problems.ValueEngineeringlawsgenerallydividedinto threesteps:assessment of the de

54、sign of object technologyandeconomicScore;Calculation of the target group of technical and economic indicators; calculate the geometric design of the object, on average; from comparison choose the best design.4 Construction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost managementIt is r

55、easonable to control the costof the project in the project to meet quality standards premise, in the investment decision-making stage,可编辑the design phase and constructionprocess of project management.phase of the project put the projectProject implementation phase of可编辑approval occurred in the contr

56、ol limits, strive in various construction projectsthe project cost managementcanbe dividedinto three parts: therational use of human, material and tender management, constructionfinancial resources to achieve goodmanagementand settlementinvestment returnsand social management.benefits.4.1 Bidding fo

57、r the constructionThe project cost controlandphase of the construction unitsmanagement is a dynamic process.The dynamic market economy, to make the investment in the identification and control become more complex, this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the proj

58、ect runs through the entire process, it is necessary to have a comprehensive focus.The implementation phase of the project cost management is the implementation of the entireBidding system control engineering cost effective means, bid organization can improve the cost-effectiveness of construction projects and ensure the quality of construction projects, shortening the construction cycle return on the investment, construction units can take full advantage of bidding for th