中考情态动词具体用法教师版

1、2012年揭阳市中考英语专题复习提纲情态动词* 情态动词也可称为"情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)"，因为它和基本助动词(do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。一、情态动词的变化：(情态动词could，动词 work) 1.1

2、 简单型(Simple)：表示现在或将来的状态11 / 11I could work (动词不可加 to )you could workhe could workshe could workit could workwe could workthey could work1.2 完成式型 (Perfect)：表示过去的状态(动词是 have + v-ed 过去分词。)I could have worked you could have workedhe could have workedshe could have workedit could have workedwe could have

3、 workedthey could have worked1.3 进行式型 (Continuous)：表示现在或将来还在进行的状态(动词是be + v-ing 现在分词。下同)I could be working you could be workinghe could be workingshe could be workingit could be workingwe could be workingthey could be working1.4 完成进行式型 (Perfect Continuous)：表示过去正在进行的状态(动词是 have been + v-ing 现在分词。下同)I

4、 could have been workingyou could have been workinghe could have been workingshe could have been workingit could have been workingwe could have been workingthey could have been working二、情态动词的疑问句：只要将情态动词移到主语(Subject)的前面，句尾加上问号。这样就成了疑问句。1. She can work.(主语she, 情态动词 can，动词 work) Can she work ? (这就是疑问句）

5、2. He would be working. (主语he, 情态动词 would，动词 be working)Would he be working ?3. They should have workeD.(主语they, 情态动词should, 动词have worked)Should they have worked ?4. I could have been working. (主语 I, 情态动词 could, 动词 have been working)Could I have been working ?三、情态动词的否定句：在情态动词的后面加上 not就成了情太动词否定句。1.

6、She can work. She cannot work. (注意：can 和 not 须连在一起）(这就是否定句)2. He would be working.He would not be working. (would not)3. They should have workeD.They should not have workeD. (should not)4. I could have been working.I could not have been working. (could not)四、在口语中，否定情态动词的缩写法：1.cannot - can't2.cou

7、ld not - couldn't3.might not - mightn't(很少用)4.must not - mustn't5.shall not - shan't(几乎没人用了)6.should not - shouldn't7.will not - won't(可不是 win't 喔！)8.would not - wouldn't五、情态动词的否定疑问句：将否定情态动词移到主语的前面，就成了否定疑问句。1.Can she not work ? 或 Can't she work ? (看出有什么不同吗？小心看看喔)2

8、.Would he not be working ? 或 Wouldn't he be working ?3.Should they not have worked ? 或 Shouldn't they have worked ?4.Could I not have been working ? 或 Couldn't I have been working ?六、情态动词的反问句：1.She can work.反问句：She can work, can't she ?2.He would be working. 反问句：He would be working,

9、wouldn't he ?3.They should have workeD. 反问句：They should have worked, shouldn't they ?4.I could have been working. 反问句：I could have been working, couldn't I ?谈谈情态动词(Modal Verbs)(二)上回在谈到情态动词的变化中，只举了以情态动词 could 为例子的变化。其他的情态动词(would, should, might.)都可依此类推。七、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could

10、2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must (其实must 和 ought都是没有时态的)八、情态动词的用法：表示"可能"或"预测"(Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Must, Ought to)8.1 can 和 could 用于表示"可能"或"预测"：1. He can't be at home. (否定句）他不可能

11、在家。2. Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)这消息可能是真的吗?3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性)任何人都可能犯错误。4. At that time we thought the story could not be true. (表示过去的可能性)那时我们认为所说的故事不可能是真的。5. An accident can happen if you do this. (表示事情肯定会发生)如果你这样做，可能会发生意外。8.2may 和 might 用于表示"事

12、实上的可能性"或"预测"：1. It may rain tomorrow.(表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨。2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。3. You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是对的。4. It is possible he may have called while we were out. (现在完成式型mayhave called) 当我们出门后，他有可能会打电话来。5. Sam might have taken the money, but it see

13、ms unlikely. (过去完成式型might have taken)钱可能会是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。6. If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat. (might 用于条件句) 要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。7. Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock. (这里的might表示可能性比may 小一些)电熨斗会有危险的，它可能使你受到严重的电击。8.3will 和 would 用于表示"预测"或"

14、习惯性"：1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是)那肯定是他母亲。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。4.He would come to see me when he was in London. (would 表示习惯地) 他在伦敦时，常来看望我。8.4shall 和 s

15、hould 用于表示"必定"：1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be )总有一天我发达的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那准是Sam 和他的母亲。8.5must 用于表示"必定"，"必会"：1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)这肯定对你是有益的。2.All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3.Mustn't there be a mi

16、stake ? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？8.6ought to 用于表示"想必会"(语气较must 弱)：1. They ought to be there by now.他们想必已到那儿了。2.He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。谈谈情态动词(Modal Verbs)(三)九、情态动词的用法：表示"许可"、"请求"(Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, May, Might, Must)9.1can 和 could 用于表

17、示"许可"、"请求"：1. Can I go with you ? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗？2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可)爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗？4. You can come in.(表示允许，常见于口语)你可以进来。5. You cannot smoke in the meeting room. (cannot 表示"禁止")会议室里不许吸烟。6

18、. Can't you do it now ? (表示反问)你不能现在做吗？9.2will 和 would 用于表示"请求"1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ?(表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的位置，好吗？9.3shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. Shall we talk?我们谈谈好吗？2. What should we do n

19、ext ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做？3. Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人称疑问句)要不要他来看你？9.4 may 和 might 用于表示"许可"(口语中多用 can )1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可)你可以散散步。2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转)是否请给我读一读这故事。3.May I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗？4. Might I take a look of your wo

20、rk ?我看看您的大作行吗？5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。9.5 must 用于表示"禁止"，"不准"：1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可)此地不准停车。2. All of you mustn't fishing in the po

21、ol. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)你们不准在池里钓鱼。谈谈情态动词(Modal Verbs)(四)十、情态动词的用法：表示“应该”、“必须”（Shall, Should, May, Might, Must, Ought to)10.1Shall 和 Should 用于表示“必须”：1. Each member shall wear a name carD. (表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名卡。2. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。3. You shouldn't

22、judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不应该”含有劝告的意思)你不应该总是以貌取人。4. The rules shall take effect onJan. 1st.(shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定)新规则于一月一日起生效。10.2May 和 Might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文，一般上多用 shall ):1. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定)应以支票付款。2. You might ask before you use my computer.(might表示应

23、该)你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。10.3Must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：1. You must keep the place clean. (务必)你务必保持地方干净。2. We must obey orders. (表示有义务)我们必须服从命令。3. Must I pay now ? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用 needn't 或 don't have to)我现在就得付款吗？10.4Ought to 用于表示“应该”(强调客观上)：(大多情况可用 should 代替)1. You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought t

24、o 的语气比must 弱)你应该去看看医生。2. You oughtn't (ought not) to smoke so much. (oughtn't 用于否定句)你不应该抽这么多烟。3. Ought you to smoke so much? (用于疑问句)你应该抽这么多烟吗？不知怎的，总觉得有点意兴阑珊。再见吧。谈谈情态动词(Modal Verbs)(五)十一、 情态动词的用法：表示“意图”、“打算”(will, would, shall, should)11.1 will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：1. I'll will call you as so

25、on as possible.(will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。2. Will you accept this invitation ? (用would 则表示得客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？3. Who will do the job ? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？4. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我们不愿呆在这里太久。11.2shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：1. We shan't (shall not) to if it rains. (

26、shall not 也可用 will not)如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。2. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。十二、 情态动词的用法：表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should)12.1will 和 would ：1. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。2. Would you have another cup of tea ? (用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？3. Will you have some

27、cookies ? (will 用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？4. If he will he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意，他会做的。5. Would you excuse me ? (would 表示婉转语气)你能原谅我吗？12.2shall 和 should ：1. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿) 他会拿到他的津贴的。2. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。3. Shall you g

28、o to school with me ? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿) 你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？十三、情态动词的用法：表示“决心”(will, would, shall, would)13.1 will 和 would ：1. I will stop smoking.(will 表示主语 I 的决心。不能用 I'll) 我决心戒烟了。2. He will come whenever you say.(will 表示主语he 一定会做) 你什么时候说，他一定会来的。3. He would not let me try . 他不肯让我去试。4. If you will go, you

29、 may go at once. (用于条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果你非走不可，你可以马上就走。13.2shall 和 should :1.You shall complete your lesson.(shall 表示说话人的决心。shall 须重读) 你应该完成你的课程。2. No one shall stop me.(shall 重读) 任何人也不能阻止我。3. You shall obey chairman. (shall 用于肯定句。shall 重读。只能用于第二、三人称) 我要你服从主席。情态动词练习1. Whats the name? Khulaifi. _ I spell

30、that for you ? (北京卷)A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might2. If it were not for the fact that she _sing, I would invite her to the party. (福建卷)A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not3. Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _?(福建卷)A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent you D. didnt she4. The wo

31、rkers will go on strike if the demands they _put forward are turned down. (福建卷)A. could B. would C.不填D. had5. - Must he come to sign this paper himself? (广东卷) - Yes, he .A. need B. must C. may D. will6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (湖北卷)A. Would you be

32、B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be7. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. (湖南卷)A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西

33、卷)A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken9. As you worked late yesterday, you_have come this morning.(陕西卷)A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt10. -Is Jack on duty today? -It _be him. Its his turn tomorrow. (四川卷)A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt11. We have

34、 proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (天津卷)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt12 - Could I have a word with you, mum? (浙江卷) - Oh dear, if you _.A. can B. must C. may D. should13 - I think Ill give Bob a ring. - You _. You havent been i

35、n touch with him for ages.(江苏卷)A. will B. may C. have to D. should14. - Will you be able to finish your report today? (全国卷2) - ._A. I like it B. I hope so C. Ill do so D. Id love it15. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?(全国卷2)A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we16. We h

36、ope that as many people as-possible _join us for the picnic tomorrow. (全国卷2)A. need B. must C. should D. can17.Theres no light on-they be at home. (全国卷1)A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt18. - May I smoke here ? (山东卷) - If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D.

37、 must19. -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? -It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (全国卷1)A. will B. would C. should D. must20. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (全国卷II)A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt

38、21. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (江苏卷)A. should B. could C. must D. might22. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? (福建卷)A.can B.must C.should D.would23. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You it i

39、n the wrong place. (江西卷)A. must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put24. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. (陕西卷)A.could B.must C.might D.should25. - My cats really fat. - You _ have given her so much fooD. (浙江卷)A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shou

40、ldnt D. mustnt26. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you_ take care of your luggage. (北京卷)A. can B. may C. must D. will27. -What does the sign over there read?- “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” (四川卷)A.will B.may C.shall D. must28. The tea

41、cher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. (安徽卷)A. should B. can C. would D. must29. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南卷)A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustn

42、t30. -Turn off the TV, Jack. _ your homework now? -Mum, just ten more minutes, please. (辽宁卷)A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doingC. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing31. - Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.

43、 (上海卷)A. must B. should C. must have D. should have06年高考情态动词试题解析：1. A 考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见2. C 考查情态动词的本义，表示通常的能力，couldnt是最大的干扰项，学生会受前面were所表示虚拟语气句型的影响。3. B 考查情态动词would rather句型，宾语从句中用过去时，反意问句助动词应与从句中的went保持一致。4. C 该句的they _ put forward是定语从句，表明过去的事实：“他们提出的要求”因此不用情态动词。5. B 考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见，must表示“必须”。6. B 考查情态动词的虚拟用法。还原成原来的句型是：If you should be fired-，