简单句五种基本句型_课件

1、 英语简单句五种基本句型英语简单句五种基本句型 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主谓（主谓/系表）系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾）主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）组成句子的各个组成部分叫组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1. 主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名词名词,代词代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动

2、名词来充当来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾 定定状状补补表表2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由动词充当充当.1.they 1.they workwork very hard. very hard.2.Tom 2.Tom feelsfeels much better now. much better now. (

3、(系动词系动词: :表示状态表示状态, ,后面往往接形容词或名词。后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：常见的系动词：is ,am, are , is ,am, are , become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,gbecome,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)row,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情态动词注意：情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当单独充当谓语谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语成谓语.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动

4、词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.3. 表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或后面的词语或从句从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 4.宾语宾语：动作行为的：动作行为的对象对象，说明主语做什么，说明主语做什么。一般放在。一般放在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面后面.

5、由由名词名词,代代词词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词和和宾语从句宾语从句构成构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.注意：注意：双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.5.5.定语定语: :用来用来修饰修饰名词或代词的词名词或代词的词. .形容

6、词形容词, ,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词, ,名词名词, ,不定式不定式, ,介词短语介词短语, ,不定代词不定代词, ,从句从句等等. . 1 1、This is a This is a redred car.car. 2 2、The building is The building is theirtheir teaching teaching building.building. 3 3、The The womanwoman doctor is my wife. doctor is my wife. 4 4、I have something I have something to

7、tell youto tell you. . 5 5、The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr. is Mr. Li.Li. 6 6、EveryEvery student has an English book. student has an English book. 7 7、I know the boy I know the boy who is playing who is playing basketball on the playgroundbasketball on the playground.

8、.6.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征修饰修饰用来修饰用来修饰动动词词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动动词不定式词不定式,以及以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.7. 宾补宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明

9、宾语。(宾语和宾补宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语宾语+ 宾补叫宾补叫复合宾语复合宾语，复合宾语有以，复合宾语有以下几种类型下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式 2 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名名 词词 4 名词名词 （代词）（代词）+ 形容词形容词 l1)带to的不定式作宾补；l 例如：She asked me to call him again.l很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补，这类动词有：ask，tell，want，wish，would，like，like，hate等。2)不带to的不定式作宾

10、补；l例如：We often hear the girl sing the song.l能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let，feel，notice，help，make，have，listen to，hear，see，watch，look at，observe.l注：如果这种结构变为被动语态，不定式就必然带to.help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.3)分词作宾补；l例如：He heard somebody knocking on the window.l现在分词作宾补表示主动，且动作正在进行，过去分词作宾补表示被动，或动作已完成，也可以表示请别人做某事。能带分词作

11、宾补的常见动词为感官动词：see，hear，notice，watch，feel及find，get，have(这三个动词为使役动词)等。4)名词作宾补；l例如：We must keep it a secret.l这类复合宾语只有在有限的一些动词后使用，常见的动词有：name，call，make，elect，think，find，leave等lWhat he have done made him a successful man.5)形容词作宾补。l例如：You should keep the room clean.l常见的能跟这种复合宾语的动词有：make，keep，find，want，wish

12、，like，see，think，believe，leave等。lThe interesting story made me happy.lleave me alonelWe saw him out.l基本句型基本句型 一一l 特点特点:句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。l 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以，后面可以 l 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。l 1.He came.l 2.She dances.l 3.His words works.l 4.You should work hard.l 5.Her g

13、randpa died last night.l 6.My uncle gets up early every morning.l基本句型基本句型 二二l 系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类：l 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和只起连系主语和表语的表语的 l 作用作用,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词；l 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等 l 3）表示变化：）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等等l 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove,

14、remain, stand等。等。 1.Everything looks different.2.The weather becomes cooler.3.This is an English dictionary.4.The soup smells good.5.The girl looks beautiful.6.The music sounds great. 7.The trees turn green.8.To see is to believe.9.My brother is a doctor. 基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，

15、但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo 1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. You must finish readi

16、ng these books in two weeks.6. I saw her.7. They like watching TV. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语宾语 才能表达才能表达 完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的 直接承受者直接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受间接承受 者。者。She gave me a book=She gave a book to me. l常常跟跟双宾语双宾语的动词的动词有：有：l（需借助（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend,

17、hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。等。l（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。 S V (Vt.) InO DO1.She passed him a new dress.2. John told me his idea.3.She showed her friends all the pictures4. He send m

18、e a birthdays present. S V (Vt.) O OC1.We keep the table clean.2.I saw them getting on the bus.3. 他让我马上回来。他让我马上回来。 He asked me to come back soon. 4. I asked Mary to help me.5.We call our headmaster a wise man . 基本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾 语还语还不能表达完整的意思不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一，必须加上一 个个

19、补充成分补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成判断原则：能表达成宾语宾语 是是/做做 e.g. We made him the manager. SVOOC 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句，简单句， 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4)

20、He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.SV_O_A