名词性从句 (2)

1、Noun Clauses公主岭市大岭中学公主岭市大岭中学 王洪燕王洪燕语序问题语序问题关联词的区分关联词的区分拓展拓展巩固巩固 练习练习种类种类1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种

2、类1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like v2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .vA. how he was excitedvB. how was he excitedvC. how excited he wasvD. he was

3、 how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 请你归纳请你归纳 在名词性从句中，除了在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首关联词在从句之首外，其外，其它部分它部分应用应用_的的语序语序。陈述句陈述句 .名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词一、主语从句一、主语从句(在复合句中充当主语的从句在复合句中充当主语的从句）.1.连词连词that(无词义无词义, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省不能省略略);w

4、hether(是否是否),不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已确定的事由已确定的事由thatthat引导引导; ; 没决定的事由没决定的事由whetherwhether引导引导. . 3.连接副词连接副词when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test w

5、ill be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out. 主语从句的位置和句式主语从句的位置和句式 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代代替，而本身放在句子末尾替，而本身

6、放在句子末尾It is a fact /a pity that It is an honor that用用 i t 作 形 式 主 语 的 结 构作 形 式 主 语 的 结 构( 1 ) I t i s 名 词 从 句 名 词 从 句It is no wonder that( 2 ) I t i s 形 容 词 从 句 形 容 词 从 句Itsnatural /strange/true/wonderful/surprising/strange that( 3 ) I t i s 不 及 物 动 词 从 句 不 及 物 动 词 从 句It seems/appears thatIt happene

7、d/occured thatIt turned out that(4) It is/was+过 去 分 词 从 句过 去 分 词 从 句It is reported/decided thatIt has been proved thatIt is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that.(5) It doesnt matter/makes no difference how/whether 主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数形式形式. That they w

8、ill comeThat they will come is certain.is certain.2.由由who, whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定中的单复数而定.Whoever say thatWhoever say that are to be punished.are to be punished.Who are going thereWho are going there have been decidedhave been decided.3.What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表主句谓语动词的单复数

9、由表语的单复数决定语的单复数决定.What he wantsWhat he wants are these books.are these books.What he wantsWhat he wants is some water.is some water.二二. 宾语从句宾语从句(在复合句中充当宾语，放在动词在复合句中充当宾语，放在动词/介词介词/形容词形容词后后1. 由连词由连词that 引导引导: that 常可省略，不做成分，无意常可省略，不做成分，无意义义。We believe (that) he is honest.Im sure (that) I would come bac

10、k soon.注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句, ,或有插入语时不能或有插入语时不能省略省略that.)that.)He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.当当that 引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词用先行词it 作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that 不不能省略。能省略。We consider it possible that he is ill.I fee

11、l it a pity that she cant come.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.He made it clear that he objected to the plan.1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worri

12、ed her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 为了使句子保持平衡，常用为了使句子保持平衡，常用it来代替来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。引导的主语从句一般不后置。 请你归纳请你归纳 ？2. 由由wh-疑问词引导。疑问词引导。We full

13、y understood what he meant.Go and ask why he was late yesterday.Please tell me which is mine.I asked how he was getting on.Do you know whether/if she is coming?He asked me whether or not I was I was busy.We will choose whoever is fit.They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they desire.H

14、e is worrying about when Mother came back.whether 与与if 有时可以换用，但下列情有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用况只能用whether. .1. 介词后的宾从介词后的宾从.Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. 2. Whether与与or not连用连用. .I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 3. 复合不定式只能用复合不定式只能用whether. . Tell us whether to go or stay here.

15、4. Whether the advice will be accepted is not known. （主语从句（主语从句,不可以用不可以用if） 5. I have no idea whether he will come. （同位语从句（同位语从句,不可以用不可以用if.） 6. The problem is whether we have enough time to do it again. （表语从句（表语从句,不可以用不可以用if .）7.Whether he comes, Im not sure.(宾语从宾语从句提在句首）句提在句首）if 引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句宾语

16、从句要注意的几个问题宾语从句要注意的几个问题: 1. 1. 时态呼应时态呼应2. 2. 否定转移否定转移: : (think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等等). ).但一般出现在主句是一但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下般现在时的情况下. . I dont think you have met before, have you ?3.3.当由疑问词引导的宾语从句的主语和主句当由疑问词引导的宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以用疑问词的主语一致时，可以用疑问词+to do+to do的简略的简略形式式 I wonder what we should d

17、o.=I wonder what to do.三三. 表语从句表语从句(表语从句在表语从句在复合句复合句中作表语，中作表语，放在放在系动词之后系动词之后表语从句的引导词与表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相主语从句和宾语从句相同同. . 其中其中 1. 1. that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省, ,不做成不做成分，无意义分，无意义. . 2. 2. if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句. . 3 3.what(ever),who(ever),which(ever),whom(ever)在从句中充当主宾表成分在从句中充当主宾表成分4 4.as if/ as though,beca

18、use,why能引导表语能引导表语从句从句.It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.All this was twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday. He is ill, thats why he didnt come to school.He didnt come to school. Thats because he was

19、ill.表语从句要注意的问题表语从句要注意的问题:The reason +why/for which-clause is +that-clause. 1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied2. The reason _ I told you is _he has known.why/for whichthat(that)what*从句中不缺成分（从句中不缺成分（主宾表俱全主宾表俱全）The news that our team has won the match is true.I have no idea when h

20、e did it.四四. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在名词同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, , 用以用以说明或解释说明或解释前面的前面的名词名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词 that ;没有没有which;少数情况下也可用少数情况下也可用连接副词连接副词或或连接代词连接代词.一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都放在名词后

21、面，都可以译成、两种从句都放在名词后面，都可以译成“的的”,并都可用并都可用that引导引导 The news that our team has won the finalmatch is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消消息真的令人鼓舞。息真的令人鼓舞。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句从句的的不同之处不同之处1 1、同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内、同位语从句用来进

22、一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消消息息”的内容：的内容：The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：加以限定：The news is is that our team has won the final match.The news is that you told us.2 2、t

23、hat的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，不省略；而引一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，不省略；而引导定语从句的导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，做宾语时可省。又须在从句中充当成分，做宾语时可省。二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句从句的的不同之处不同之处e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 2) Dad made a promise tha

24、t excited all his children.PracticeTell the function of the clauses in the following sentencesA: Appositive（同位语）（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）（定语）1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request th

25、at he made was to ask for freedom.4. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.3.5.6.w 1. that 与 what w 2. if 与 whether w 3. who 与 whoever w what 与 whateverIV关联词的区分关联词的区分v1. I wonder if this

26、is _you are looking for.v2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before.v3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhatthatv4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.v5._ the earth is round is known to us all.v归纳：WhatThat连词连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有

27、疑在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义；而问意义；而_在从句中充当句子成分在从句中充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；本身有词义，（主、宾、表）；本身有词义，通常译通常译为所的，为所的，常含有疑问意义。常含有疑问意义。thatwhat1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a

28、 feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether4. It depends on _ we will have enough

29、 money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.归纳:a.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从主语从句、表语从句、同位语从 句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用不能用if ；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not 时时, 用用whetherwhetherwhetherIf 1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. W

30、henever B. If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B.Whether C. That D.Wherev1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2. _we need is more time.v3._ stole money from him has been caught.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _等引导的名词性等引导的名词性从句

31、从句表示泛指表示泛指，相当于，相当于名词名词后加一个定语后加一个定语从句，从句，“无论无论”而而v_等引导的名词性等引导的名词性从句表示从句表示特指特指。Whoever,whateverWho, what 1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(s99)A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no

32、matter who 3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the l

33、ights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who V . 拓展who()ever 与与no matter who() 的用法比较的用法比较 1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of no matter who shares her interests. 2. No matter how much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.3.He will believe whatever others say.4.Whatever o

34、thers say, he will believe it.True or FalseF whoeverTTT归纳归纳 : whatever 等同类词既可以引导名词等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter +疑问词疑问词只能引导让步状语从只能引导让步状语从句。句。1. I advise that we the whole class (should) unite and work together all the time.My advice is that we the whole class (should) unite and work together all the time. I have an advice that we