最新高考英语试卷阅读理解题分类汇编(附答案)(2)

1、最新高考英语试卷阅读理解题分类汇编（附答案 ）一、高中英语阅读理解(1) 阅读理解Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a s

2、eries of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a grou

3、p of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past s

4、tudies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.If the latest example of how divisive nutritio

5、n research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but th

6、at methods have improved.Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat produc

7、tion is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed m

8、eats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international res

9、earch team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.（ 1 ） What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce a new rel

10、ationship between health and eating red meat.B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly.C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat.D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence.(2) 2） What is the author's attitude towards the

11、new research?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Objective.(3) Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with .A.health risksB.diet habitsC.animal welfare.environmental protection(4) What can we learn from the recent research?A.Red meats don't have significant health risks.B.

12、Reducing meat consumption will be worth it.C.The report authors have reached a consensus.Consuming red meat will do good to health.【答案】(1) CD(3) A(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Eating red meat is linked to cancer and hear t disease,but are

13、the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers.可知；吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让 你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一 个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选Co(2)考查推理判断。根据"accordingto researchers who reviewed data '； "the researchersargue th

14、at , ” " Those conclusions go against established medical advice , “ The team's reviews of past studies " " the latest ex am plBased o n their analyse得等，可知作者主要引用研究 发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and

15、 foranimal welfare and environmental reasons.但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动 物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选Ao(4) 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The new work does not say red or processed meats likehot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studi

16、es generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak.这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏 肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良 健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而

17、选出正确答案。2 .阅读理解At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when they got a call from one of his daughters, "The house ne

18、xt door is on fire!" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl hysterical （歇斯底里的）on their porch."The baby's in there!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside. "The baby" was

19、 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids, then 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch were Tiara's aunt and cousin.Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black paint," Surrell says. The thick

20、smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （ 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ）,they were life-threatening. He was the last person who should have run into

21、 a burning building- he has lung disease. But that didn't stop him.After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. "Where is Tiara?" he asked desperately." The second floor." her aunt shouted back.Surrell knew he couldn't hold his

22、breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, "Well, Lord, this is it. You gotta help me, because I'm not coming out without that little girl." Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar layout to his, he found th

23、e stairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath."Baby girl, where are you?" His throat and lungs burned as if he'd inhaled fire instead of the smoke and soot in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could

24、hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. CD_ .Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: I'm probably gonna die up here.Finally he touched something. A

25、 shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. （2）_ Her body was limp and she wasn't breathing. He scooped her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames on his cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the

26、front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch.（3L. A voice told him, "You have to breathe for her." He started CPR -the first time he'd ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiara's throat. Surrell gave five m

27、ore breaths. She coughed again. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, "Uncle's got you. Soon after, his throat closed off.Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, havin

28、g suffered severe burns to his windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra

29、medication that helps open his airways. "It's a small price to pay," he says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."(1) Michael Surrell ran to save "the baby" mainly becauseA.he was on the scene casuallyB.he was driven by instin

30、ctC.his daughter was in dangerD.his own house was at risk(2) Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building?A.The fire department had been called.B.He was 64 years old at that time.C.The condition was life-threatening.D.He had chronic pulmonary disease.(3) In the course of resc

31、ue, Surrell.A.had to move out for breath because of smokeB.was prevented by the overwhelming smokeC.made it to the second floor without any troubleD.could clearly hear the sound made by the baby(4) Which blank could the sentence "Then a weak but distinct voice emerged" be best put in?A.B.C

32、.D. From the last paragraph, we can learn that.A.Surrell came back to life a week laterB.Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeksC.Surrell's disease became more seriousD.Tiara needed further extra medication(6) What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Breathe for HerB.Struggle to surviveC.A

33、 small price to payD.A man with lung disease【答案】(1) BD（ 3） A（ 4） A（ 5） C（ 6） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不 后悔。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Thoughthe fire department had been called, Surrell,then 64, instinctively ran inside. 虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时 ”64 岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进

34、去，可知Surrell 跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively 本能地是instinct 的副词形式，故选B。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonarydisease （慢性阻塞性肺疾病），they were life- threatening 但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell 来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell 是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ Aftera few minutes in the

35、smoke filled house, heretreated outside to catch his breath. 在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口 ”气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell 不得不出来喘口气，故选A。（ 4）考查推理判断。第一个空前“ All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burningwood. ” 他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“ Then a weak but distinct voice emerged然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then 在时间上承接前

36、一句，空格后一句“ Stillunable to see”还是看不见，承接选项A工个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人，故选A。（ 5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition.大火加剧了Surrell 的肺部疾病，可知 Surrell 的病情变得更严重了，故选C。He（ 6）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“ A voice told him, You have tofobrrehaetrh. e started CPR . She opened her eyes and t

37、ook a breath on her own. 可知， Surrell 给女孩做人工 ” 呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用 breathe for her 做主题引申Surrell 挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that t

38、ime I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to wor

39、ry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.One Saturday morning, my father said to me, "Christine, the ve

40、getables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the ne

41、arest store to buy some vegetables.When I gave the salad to him, he said, "Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden." I felt a little bit guilty.Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the su

42、permarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, "Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store." She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.I carefully made a

43、salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile. "Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better."Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe

44、. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.（ 1 ） Christine originally said she would do the gardening because she .A.knew it was important to her fatherB.wanted to improve her gardening skillsC.was asked by her father to do itD.was interested in growing vegetables（ 2

45、） Which of the following was a problem in the garden?A.Animals often dug in the garden.B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots.C.The plants were given too much water.D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.（ 3） Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because .A.her

46、father couldn't see the garden's progressB.her father was in hospital at that timeC.her mother helped her to buy the vegetablesD.her mother helped her to make a spray（ 4） What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening?A.Always prepare for a rainy day.B.Don't be disappointed

47、 by bugs.C.Hard work can be rewarding.D.Working alone produces results.【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 5） B（ 6） A（ 7） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"My father loves his garden."及第二段中的"I didn'twant my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his

48、garden until he recovered." 可知， Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以 Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选Ao(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"I went out to the garden and was upset to see thatmany of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs." 可知， Christine 去花园看

49、 到许多葛苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了离苣 和胡萝卜，故选B。(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriouslyinjured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while." 可知， Christine 的爸爸在次事故中 受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以 Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的 蔬菜做沙拉，故选 Ao(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Now, I

50、 better understand how putting a lot of effortinto caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe." 可知，现在，Christine更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果， 不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选

51、出正确答案。4.阅读理解If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been "letting out an unprompted ( 自发的),creepy (令人毛骨悚然的 )cackle for no apparent r

52、eason, according to BBC News.Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."Every time Alexa laughs, an angel dies," Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the proble

53、m, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command " Alexa, laugh".However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine.With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, "Digital machines sta

54、rted to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human," wrote Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe

55、 that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better".However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown."With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told

56、students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. "If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be very carefulMany scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in No

57、vember that "computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ? AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization."If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they "employ best practice and effective management".I am an opt

58、imist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world," he said at the conference. "We simply need to be aware of the dangers, identify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance."(1) What does the underlined

59、word "cackle" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.movementB.laughterC.screamD.story(2) The story of Alexa is intended to _.A.lead into the discussion about humans and AIB.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknessesC.inform readers of the development of AID.show how Alexa's problem was

60、fixed(3) According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE?A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.B.Digital machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes.C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication.D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots.(4) What can be a suitable title for the text?A.