虚拟语气 (2)

1、Unit 1 ArtLearning about language选修六选修六1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. 1. _ excellent; splendid2. _ purpose; intention3. _ silly or unreasonable4. _ trust; strong belief5. _ easily noticed or understood6. _ traditionalsuperbaimridiculousfaithevidentcon

2、ventionalDiscovering useful words and expressions7. _ room or building for showing works of art8. _ based on general ideas rather than specific examples9. _ method of doing or performing something, especially in the arts or sciences10. _ the art of making figures, objects, etc out of stone, wood, cl

3、ay, etcgalleryabstracttechniquesculpture2 Complete the passage below using the words in the box in the correct form. predict, adopt, attempt, possess, by coincidence, a great deal, on the other hand ARE THOSE SUNFLOWERS A REALPAINTING BY VAN GOGH? The most popular art style in Western countries is I

4、mpressionism. Many people would love to _ an Impressionist painting and spend _ of money to own one. _ there are a lot of painters who can _ the art style of any famous Impressionist artist andpossessa great dealby coincidenceadoptproduce unknown “masterpieces”. One such painter, Otto Wacker, _ to m

5、ake a lot of money quickly and painted lots of “masterpieces” in the style of Van Gogh. Many were considered to be Von Goghs own work by important art critics. On the one hand some of them were discovered. _ some famous art critics wonder if there are many attemptedOn the other handother “masterpiec

6、es” hanging on gallery walls. As a man looking after Van Goghs paintings said: I would not be surprised if the number (of “masterpieces”) grows to more than 200.” So who can _ where and when the next “masterpiece” will be discovered? predictPandora opened her box Whats left in the box?vIf she had be

7、en warned of danger, would she have opened the box?misfortuneshopeLife is not based on “ifs”.Many people are not happy because they base their life on “ifs”.If I had a million dollars, ObjectiveYou need to understand that, in conditional sentences:1 The situation is not real; it is hypothetical2 Hyp

8、othetical situations are expressed using the subjunctive mood.If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose?Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?Lets look

9、 at the following sentences. What would you rather do paint pictures, make sculptures, or design buildings? Why?If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see

10、the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous., but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. These are the sentences that use subjunctive mood from the text. Statement:Pair work Pair work Question:Answer:If you got the chance to talk to the president,

11、what would you say?If I got the chance to talk to the president, I would ask him to The food in our school canteen is terrible.Statement:Pair work Pair work Question:Answer:The girl eats very little to lose weight.If you were the girl, what would you do?If I were , I would Statement:Pair work Pair w

12、ork Question:Answer:What would you do if your father appeared in the net bar?If my father My father doesnt allow me to go to the net bar.Statement:Pair work Pair work Question:Answer:Who beat the tough guy?Nobody.Had the Spiderman been here, he could have beaten the tough guy.Statement:Pair work Pai

13、r work Question:Answer:Can he fly?No, he cant.The actor wishes he could fly like a bird.Statement:Pair work Pair work Question:Answer:Whats the fact?The sunlight will be with us forever.Should there be no sunlight, there would be no life.Statement:Pair work Question:Answer:What does it mean in Chine

14、se?(法律法律/法规法规) 要求我们采要求我们采取措施保护取措施保护孩子。孩子。It is required that we (should) take action toprotect the children.real conditionals unreal conditionals Five “if clauses” below: tell the differences1. If a child buys these toys, he or she will learn nothing.2. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 3. Sh

15、e wouldnt have opened the box, if she had been warned of danger.4. If I were to be reborn, I would be a musician.5. Sales of products fall if prices rise.Subjunctive moodGrammar一、语气的分类一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈述陈述语气、语气、祈使祈使语气和语气和虚拟虚拟语气。语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气的特点虚拟语气

16、的特点n1. 虚拟语气用以表示虚拟语气用以表示假定，想象，愿望假定，想象，愿望等等非事实的观念。非事实的观念。n2. 虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此虚拟条件从句中的条件是假设的，因此主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。主句的结论也只能是想象的，非事实的。n3. 这些特点决定了它必须使用这些特点决定了它必须使用不同于真实不同于真实句句的动词形式。的动词形式。 陈述语气陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈祈使语气使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the tabl

17、e until the bell rings.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 1What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.关于陈述语气关于陈述语气 2关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 1关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 2关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 3关于祈使语气关于祈使语气 4 虚拟语气虚拟语气If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon

18、.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法如果现在不下雨的话如果现在不下雨的话, 我们就出去野餐了。我们就出去野餐了。 If it were not r

19、aining, we should go for a picnic.如果他来这儿如果他来这儿, 他就能够帮助你了。他就能够帮助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。这次聚会了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。睡过头了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have

20、overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.要是失败了，我会再试一次。要是失败了，我会再试一次。If it should fail, I would try again.1. 如果你早来如果你早来5分钟分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.2. 如果我现在不忙如果我现在

21、不忙,我就来帮你了。我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I _ busy last night,I _ to see thefilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday. would

22、 not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在: 过去时过去时(were)过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时(had done)未来未来: would/could/might +V.(原原) should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger

23、now.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon. 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟：从句动的虚拟：从句动词常用词常用“had过去分词过去分词”。The

24、party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3. as if /though + 从句从句 现在现在：过去过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时 She lov

25、es the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。她看起来似乎是冰做的。She looked as if she were made of ice.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉

26、了。4. Its (about/high) time +that过去时过去时(were)should(不省不省) +V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形，或者将动词原形，或者将should省

27、略。省略。常见动词常见动词: 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。即三个建议，四个要求。即1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, askI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如注意：如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”,

28、即它们用即它们用于其本意于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认坚持认为为”时时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。宾语从句用陈述语气。1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2) He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4) His pale face suggeste

29、d that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should) + 动词原形动词原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 从句从句, 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动

30、词要用虚拟，即 (should) +动词原形动词原形我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我们有必要努力学习。我们有必要努力学习。Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于If only 引导的感叹句中，引导的感叹句中，“要是要是

31、就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！要是我看过那部电影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8. 在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。条件句的虚拟语气中。nIf it were not for the rain, the crops would die.要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。要

32、不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been for your help,9. 混合型的条件句混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一 致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应， 这种条件句叫混

33、合条件句这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的。较多见的 混合型条件句是混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时 （指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时 （指目前状态）。（指目前状态）。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。办了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

34、假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 10. 连词连词if的省略的省略 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had和和should时时, 可省略可省略if, 把把were, had 和和should放到从句主语前面去放到从句主语前面去, 多见于多见于 书面语。书面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 假如你处在我的地

35、位，你也会这样干的。假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底 消灭干净。消灭干净。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 11.in case, for fear that “以防以防, 以免以免”He took his raincoat with himin case it should rain.=He took his raincoat with him fo

36、r fear that it should rain. 他带上了雨衣他带上了雨衣, 以防下雨以防下雨.12. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!1. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all. A. were it not for the

37、 sun B. if it was for the sun C. had it not been for the sun D. if it shouldnt be for the sun B A 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A. he had been here B. here he had been C. been here he had D. had he been here 4. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut of

38、f. A. would you be B. should you be C. could you be D. might you be D B 错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。* 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the hou

39、sing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。如果你采纳了我的建议，你现在就会好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学如果你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。生，四年后就会大学毕

40、业了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词，可以把三个助动词，可以把 if 省略，并将这省略，并将这三个词提至句首。三个词提至句首。_ she a man, she might be elected president.A. If were B. Were C. Be D. I

41、sB If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等词隐含某种假设。等词隐含某种假设。I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B.

42、have visited C. would have visited D. should visitC 没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常见的几种固定句式。常见的几种固定句式。如如 If only, insist, suggest 及及Its time/necessary

43、/important that 从句等等。从句等等。If only I _ to my parents advice!A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the experiment _ before

44、 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedIts high time he _ home.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained

45、D. is rained解析解析: 真实条件句主句为将来时真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。 B1. Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防队消防队).A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed Quiz I: Multiple choice. A. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. su

46、nk2. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent3. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? 4. Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou for the vacation? No, but if I _ time, I _

47、very glad to go there.A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be5. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then.A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take1. 要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话, 你就你就能通过考试了。能通过考试了。 If you