名词单数变复数规律表格正式版

1、名词单数变复数规律表格正式 版名词1.名词的分类2.名词的单数变复数的规则情况规则例子一般情况+spen-pe ns,pe ncil-pe ncils以y结尾、+y+sBoy-boys,toy-toys辅音+y去y力卩iescity-cities以f/fe结尾：+sbelief beroos roofs safe sagpulf gulfs：去f/fe加veswolf wovesk ni fe-k ni ves以s、x、ch、sh结尾+eswatch-watches以0结尾有生命的名词+estomato tomatoes hero-heroes无牛命的名词+szoo-zoospia no-pi

2、a nos钢琴上面放照片，照片里是动物园， 动物园里有河马，河马在听收音机pia no photo zoo hippo radio+s特殊 情况oo-eegoose-geese tooth-teeth foot-feetman-me nman-men woma n-wome n policema n-policeme n中日不变英法变，其余s加后面En glishma n-En glishme n Germa n-Germa ns+renenchild-childre nox-oxe n单复同行Chinese Japanese deer sheep fish集合名词People police

3、cattle以S结尾，仍是单数的名词maths physics news（不可数名词）ouse-icemouse-micelouse-lice名词的单数变复数的练习：写出下列名词的复数形式；1.pencil 2.watch 3. tooth_ 4.child5.leaf 6.knife8.deer9. family 10.city 11.fruit_ 12.glass13.class_ 14.mouse 15.toy_ 16.puppy17.fly18.fox19.bus_ 20.bench21.brush22.kiss23.church24.dish25.ruler26.each27.boy

4、28.zoo_29.man30.roof31.sheep_ 32.lady33.key34.story_35.day36.apple37.eraser38.speech39.thief40.fish_41.goose42.people43.ox44.Chinese45.foot46.child_47.tooth48.guy49.hero50.spy51.boss52.monkey53.goat 54.radio _ 55.horse 56.dog 形容词变副词规律总结（图表）已仔细核对，无错误，可放心下载规则变化范围变化规则例词大部分形容词加lycarelesscarelesslyquietq

5、uietlydifferentdifferently辅音加le结尾的形容词变le为lypossiblepossibly terribleterribly comfortablecomfortably gentle-gently simple-simply whole-wholl y （例外）元音字母加le结尾的形容词加lysole-solely以y结尾且读音为/ i /结尾的 形容词变le为lyeasy-easily angry-angrily noisy-noisily happy-happily heavy-heavily healthy-healthily以y结尾且读音为/ ei /结尾

6、的的形 容词加lyshy-shyly dry-dryly gay-gayly/gaily不规则变化本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fastfast early-early high-high hard-hardlatelate far-_-far wide-wide alonealone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词goodwell初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true-_-truly虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词friendly lively lovely lonely Likely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但 加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注

7、意wide（形容词，宽阔的，睁大的）-wide（副词，睁大地）/widely（副词，广 泛地）,late（形容词，晚的）late（副词，晚 地），lately （最近）high（形容词，高的）-high（副词，高 地）/highly（副词，高度地）特别容易犯错的副词形容词副词备注hardhardhard副词容易写成 hardly, hardly 意思为几乎不”，与hard无任何关系friendly无不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly way 用一种友好的方 式”。如：He smiled at me in a friendly way.excitedexcit

8、edly容易拼错healthyhealthily容易拼错politepolitely不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely,填空练习(源自江苏各地中考真题)1. Mrs White smiled( happy) whe n she received a prese nt from her daughter.2. Why do you think you did so (terribe)in your test?'t forgive3. We can (easy) for give a child who is afraid of the dark,

9、 but we canan adult who is afraid of the light.4. Congratulations! You 've answered all the questions (correct).5. The computer is ( wide)used in our daily life. We can do many things with it.6. I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more (comfortabe).7. Mary passed her examination

10、because she studied very ( hard ).8. “Why didn 't you tell me earlier?” The boss shouted (angry).9. It 's _(truep)ossible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day.10. How (comfortable) the giant pandas are living in Taiwan!11. Miss Xu smiled and said to me (soft),“ Never mind,

11、 my boy! ”12. Last night it rained (heavy) in the southern part of the city.13. Simon hates to be like others, he often tires to do everything (different).14. Where is Peter from? He is French, if I remember (correct).15. The children clapped their hands (excited) as soon as the astronautsappeared o

12、n the stage.16. Tom had an accident yesterday. His teacher sent him to the hospital (quick).17. We should speak to the old man (polite)18. I 'm (true) sorry I can't go with you. I havteo adolotthis afternoon.19. Nancy is patient and she doesn't give up (easy).20. His father was looking (

13、angry) at him because he had made a serious mistake.21. Mike walked (quiet) into the room not to wake up his grandpa.22. How _(quick) Betty answered the teacher's question!23. The firemen have saved the boy from the fire (successful).Keys:1. happily 2.terribly 3. easily 4. correctly 5. widely 6.

14、 comfortably7. hard 8. angrily 9. truly 10. comfortably 11. softly 12. heavily 13. differently14. correctly 15. excitedly 16. quickly 17. politely 18. truly 19. easily 20. angrily21. quietly 22. quickly 23. successfully音标规律总结1、开音节： 1）绝对开音节： （辅）元结构 ,即“一个发音的元音字母结尾”。2）相对开音节：元辅 e 结构，即“一个元音字母 +辅音字 母（r除外）

15、+不发音的e”元音字母在重读开音节中读长音，即字母名称音。2、闭音节：元辅结构，即“ （辅音字母 +）一个发音的元音字母 + 辅音字母（ r 除外”元音字母在重读闭音节中读短音。3、辅音字母C在一般情况下读作K，在e,i, y前读作s.4、音节和重音： 元音可构成音节， 含有两个或两个以上音节的单 词，其中有一个（或两个）要重读 ,称为重读音节，前面要标重音 符号如'hap py/'h?pi/1）单词如为双音节，重音一般在前面2）l， n 是成节音，构成音节不重读3）ay,ey,i, e, y,不重读时常读/I/4）ea组合读法多，有时可以读作/ e /5）单词音节有多个,倒数

16、第三是重音6）单词前缀不重读，a-和 be最常见 如:a' cross5、a, e, o, u, ar, er, or, our,不重读时常读 / ? /6、a的前面有个w，不读/ ? /来改读/ ? /7、 th在名词、数词、形容词、副词中常读/0,在冠词、代词、介词 连词中和在 er 前常读 / e /8 /m/ /n/ /v/ / e /紧跟 o,o 读/?/来不读 / ? /9、k前oo常读/ ? /,木头好脚也读/ ? /。10、ee读法最好记，一般情况总读/ i:/11、ea组合读法多，多数读/ i: /也读/ e /12、or组合和al, 般情况常读/ ?: /13、oo

17、组合常读/ u: /,有些情况也读/ ? /。14、g在e, i,y前有时读作/ ? /15、ar 读法好掌握，张大嘴巴 / a: / a: / a:/16、sk（ss， st） ， th 紧跟 a， a 不读 / ? / 改读 / a: /17、er, ir, ur,三个组合都读/ ?： /18、or, ar前有/ w/,分别改读/ ?:/和/ ?： /19、ai, ay 读法同,基本都读前面 / ei /20、oa 组合例外少,基本都读前面 / ? /21、ow 读法有两种,多数情况读作 / ? /22、Id, st紧跟o, o读长音不读/ ? /23、ou,ow 一样读,一般情况读 /

18、a? /24、oi, oy 无例外,统统都是读 / ?i /25、w和h在一起,h 一般不发音；wh后跟o,w和r在一起，w 一般 不发音；kn,mb,mn中,k, b,n不发音.26、o和ow在词尾，一般情况都读/ ? /27、词尾a后有ge,不读/ ? /来改读/ I /28、ere, are和 ear,还有 air 和 eir,般情况读 / e? /。29、ere, ear和eer,有时也可读/ i? /30、ear在辅音前，不读/ e? /读作/ ?： /31、our和oor, 般情况读作/ ?:/;字母组合our,还可读作/a?/32、/ju:/音在I, r, j后常读作/u： /33、gh 一般不发音，个别情况读作 / f /34、one 般读作 / w? n /35、ph 一般读作 / f /探究凸透镜成像规律（记忆方法加典型例题）一.表格记忆:物距（u）像距（v ）像的性质应用物体与 像离透 镜距离 变化正倒大小虚实物像位置u > 2ff < v <2f倒立缩小实像透镜两侧照相机物近像 远像变 大u = 2fv = 2f倒立等大实像透镜两侧f < u <2fv > 2f倒立放大实像透镜两侧（投影仪）u = f不成像u < fV>u正立放大虚像透镜同侧放大镜物近像 近像变 小二：作图记忆实像：能 在