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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外文出处:Manufacturing Engineering and TechnologyMachining外文原文 ManipulatorRobot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial robot is an important branch
2、0;of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and&
3、#160;machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the wo
4、rk in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNC machining center, it&
5、#160;is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual
6、60;or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device. The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complex
7、ity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled
8、0;robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, red
9、uced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and com
10、puter technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology. First, an overview of industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positioning control can&
11、#160;be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to co
12、mplete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Ele
13、ctronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But
14、160;now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches beg
15、an to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee
16、challenges. With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achie
17、ve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and
18、 more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling
19、0;or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoy
20、ing, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what
21、;could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes,&
22、#160;but the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ens
23、uring product quality, to achieve safe production; particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such&
24、#160;as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would like to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot
25、0;designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the compressed air as power source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the
26、 following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of en
27、vironmental protection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas path pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-d
28、istance transport. 3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and man
29、ufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outst
30、anding. 5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But there are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the&
31、#160;compressibility of air, resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily contro
32、lled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of&
33、#160;the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantages:Air inexhaustible, used later discharged in
34、to the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on production.
35、60;Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-distance transport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and
36、0;therefore the material and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the
37、hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic. Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to
38、0;plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.Second, the composition, mech
39、anical hand Robot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the
40、0;, Usually by the implementing agencies, transmission systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1. Implementing agenciesManipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms,
41、0;pillars. Hands are crawling institutions, is used to clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffing of similar actions. Wrist a
42、nd fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down, left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support
43、the arm can also be made mobile as needed.2. Transmission The actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly used manipulator mechanical
44、transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power transmission and other drive several forms.3. Control System Manipulator control system's main role is to control
45、the robot according to certain procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated control system, using only t
46、rip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Action w
47、ill have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control.Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics Robots are generally divided into three categories
48、: the first is the general machinery does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be programmed according&
49、#160;to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intell
50、igence ternary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through
51、 the operation of machines to complete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines such as the Moon. Used
52、60;in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to so
53、lve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of&
54、#160;services, from the host-driven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special.Main features: First, mechanical hand (the upper a
55、nd lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stacking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.). Se
56、cond, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc.) Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cra
57、nes, double-beam crane)Four, industrial machinery, application of handManipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new type of device. In r
58、ecent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology,
59、60;which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible
60、0;as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when
61、0;compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many sectors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:(1) Machining the
62、workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combination machine tool use is more common. (2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the
63、60;electronics industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and components. (3) The worki
64、ng conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working environment to replace human labor. (4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military go
65、ods handling, dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on.(5) Universe and ocean development. (6), military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mechanical
66、 hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving
67、160;technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard design of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases. Manual
68、 operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws handling objects or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific ac
69、tions. Application of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people
70、160;in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the
71、;first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually e
72、xtended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary d
73、evice in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the lib
74、rary take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies with
75、60;the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydrauli
76、c pneumatic electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots
77、0;are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixd procedu
78、re for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization
79、and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry a
80、nd nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling a
81、nd transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require
82、160;direct manipulation by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as me
83、chanical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or tool) components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, wei
84、ght, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption-based care such as holding. Sports organizations, so that&
85、#160;the completion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mobile or compound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and&
86、#160;posture.Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated producti
87、on process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields
88、 has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization
89、;and automation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manipulator has bee
90、n applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation
91、160;of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing ce
92、ll in an important component of the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing
93、cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work
94、piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt
95、;to market competition. At present, China's industrial robot technology and its engineering application level and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, a
96、pplication and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from&
97、#160;the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Therefore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.外文资料翻译译文 机械手 机械手是近几十年发展起来的一种高科技自动化生产设备。工业机械手是工业机器人的一个重要分支。它的特点是可通过编程来完成各种预期的作业任务,在构造和性能上兼有人和机器各自的优点,尤其体现了人的智能和适应性。机械手作业的准确性和各种环境中完成作业的能力,在国民经济各领域有着广阔的发展前景。随着工业自动化的发展,
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