初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习

1、英语语法主谓一致(就近、就远原则就近原则:也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity,即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语在“人称、数”上一致。在正式文体中:1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either or;nor; neithernor; whetheror;notbut; not onlybut also" ; 等。e.g.What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都

2、没错。Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。Not only you but(also he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。There is (are a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。II. 非正式文体中:有时依“

3、就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致(译文同上句(正式但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“

4、语法一致”原则。英语就近原则短语1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to sha

5、nghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as;(together/alongwith;rather than;except;besides;but;including; in addition to;apart from例子:He rather

6、 than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等+ 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6

7、 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily com

8、munication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known5. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were二、当either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _

9、 the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be三、当“the only one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one

10、of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well四、当news, me

11、ans, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。10. Every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used五、当分数(百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。11. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees

12、and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are六、the number of.(的数目短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of.(许多短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were七、当“疑问词+ 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。13. When and where to build the new fa