Lesson 12ME Engines

1、动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 12 ME Engines第12课 ME柴油机动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The introduction of the electronically controlled camshaft-less low speed diese

2、l engines, which is now gaining momentum, is a milestone in diesel technology that deserves a place in history like Rudolf Diesels first engine in Augsburg, the 1912 motor vessel Selandia, the introduction of turbocharging on two-stroke diesels in 1954, and the first SCR (Selective Catalytic Nox Red

3、uction) systems on ships in 1989. 正在得到发展的电控无凸轮轴低速柴油机的应用，是值得载入史册的柴油机技术史上的里程碑，如同鲁道夫狄塞尔在奥斯伯格的第一台发动机，1912年第一艘柴油机动力轮船塞拉迪亚号，1954年透平增压首次应用在二冲程柴油机上，1989年选择催化还原氮氧化物减排系统在船上首次应用。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Camshaft-controlled diesel engines have been the state of the art ever since the birth of reci

4、procating machinery and have been refined and developed ever since. 凸轮轴控制式柴油机是自从往复式机器诞生以来就采用的工艺形式，并不断地得到优化和发展。 However, a mechanical cam is fixed once made and, in spite of various mechanical and hydraulic add-on devices like VIT. 然而机械凸轮一旦安装就固定在那儿，尽管有各种机械和液压的外加装置，如可变喷油定时(VIT)机构等，定时控制的可调性仍然是受机械凸轮限制的。

5、 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department etc., timing control possibilities are limited with mechanical cams. Not least fuel injection pressure control and variation over the load range have limitations with a camcontrolled engine. 凸轮控制式柴油机受燃油喷射压力的控制及其在一定负荷范围内变化的限制。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Departm

6、ent Therefore, the main purpose of changing to electronic control is to ensure fuel injection timing and rate, as well as the exhaust valve timing and operation, exactly when and as desired. 因此，(由机械式)改为电控的主要目的是保证喷油正时、喷油率以及排气阀正时和运行都能按需准时。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Especially with respect

7、 to the fuel injection rate, the control system has been so designed that it is possible to maintain a rather high injection pressure also at low load, without the limitation from the camshaft-controlled engine, where this would result in too high pressure at high load. 特别是关于喷油率，(无凸轮轴)控制系统的设计使得即使在低负

8、荷时也可能保持相当高的喷射压力，而不受到凸轮轴控制柴油机的类似限制，因为凸轮轴控制柴油机会导致高负荷时喷油压力过高。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Both cam angle, inclination and length are electronically variable. “凸轮角度、曲率和作用长度”都是电子可调的。 In addition, the ME engine features electronic control of the cylinder lube oil feed, by having our proprietary

9、Alpha Lubricators integrated in the system. 此外，通过系统内安装独有的Alpha注油器，ME型机器还具有电控气缸油供油的特点。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department With the Alpha Lubrication system, about 0.3 g/bhph cyl. Oil can be saved, compared with engines with mechanical lubricators. 注油系统与机械注油器相比，大约可以节约气缸油0.3克/每制动马力小时每缸。动力工程系动力工程系Po

10、wer Engineering Department The electronic control of the engine fuel injection and exhaust valves improves low-load operation, engine acceleration, and gives better engine balance and load control, leading to longer times between overhauls, also by implementation of enhanced diagnostic systems. 柴油机喷

11、油和排气阀采用电控改善了低负荷运转特性，改善了加速性能，使得(各缸)负荷更均衡，(整体)负荷更容易控制，同时也由于采用了更好的诊断系统，使得大修周期得到延长。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department It will give lower fuel consumption, lower cylinder oil consumption and, not least, better emission characteristics, particularly with regard to visible smoke and NOx. 这将使得燃油和气缸油消耗降

12、低，如果不能取得最小排放，也会取得较好的排放性能，特别是在可见烟和氮氧化物排放方面。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department For the ME engines, the electronic control system has been made complete. ME系列柴油机的电控系统已经变得更加完善了。 Hence, the ME engine features fully integrated control of all functions like the governor, start and reversing, fuel, exh

13、aust and starting valves, as well as cylinder oil feeding. 因此，ME系列柴油机的特点是调速、起动、换向、供油、起动阀控制，以及气缸油注油控制等所有功能集为一体。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentElements of the ME-C engine ME-C型柴油机的部件 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The mechanical difference between an MC-C engine and its electronically

14、controlled counterpart, the ME-C engine, constitutes a number of mechanical parts made redundant and replaced by hydraulic and mechatronic parts with enhanced functions, as summarised below: MC-C型柴油机与其相应的电控型ME-C型柴油机之间机械方面的差异包括冗余部件和由液压机电部件替代后功能更强的部件，概括如下 :动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The fo

15、llowing parts are omitted: 取消了以下部件： Chain drive 链驱动装置 Chain wheel frame 链轮架 Chain box on frame box 机体上的传动链轮箱 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Camshaft with, cams 凸轮轴及凸轮 Roller guides for fuel pumps and exhaust valves 燃油泵和排气阀用的滚轮导板 Fuel injection pumps 燃油喷射泵 Exhaust valve actuators 排气阀驱动器/执行器 动

16、力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Starting air distributor 起动空气分配器 Governor 调速器 Regulating shaft (油门)调节轴 Mechanical cylinder lubricator (气缸油)机械注油器 Local control stand 机旁控制台动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The above-mentioned parts are replaced by: 上述部件替换为： Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS) 液压动力

17、单元 Hydraulic Cylinder Units (HCU) 液压缸单元动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Engine Control System (ECS), controlling the following: 柴油机控制系统，控制着以下部件： Electronically Profited Injection (EPIC)电控喷射 Exhaust valve actuation排气阀驱动 Fuel oil pressure boosters 燃油压力提升器动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department St

18、art and reversing sequences起动和换向时序 Governor function调速功能 Starling air valves起动空气阀 Auxiliary blowers辅助风机动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Crankshaft position sensing system 曲轴位置检测系统 Electronically controlled Alpha Lubricator 电控阿尔法注油器 Local Operating Panel (LOP) 机旁控制面板 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering

19、 Department The necessary power for fuel injection and exhaust valve operation-previously provided via the chain drive-is now provided from a Hydraulic Power Supply (HPS) unit located at the front of the engine at bedplate level. 以前由链条驱动的燃油喷射和排气阀工作所必需的动力现在由液压动力单元提供，液压动力单元位于机器前面机座高矮的地方。动力工程系动力工程系Powe

20、r Engineering Department The main components of the Hydraulic Power Supply unit are the following: 液压动力单元的主要元件包括: Self cleaning filter with 10-micfon filter mesh 10 m滤网的自清滤器 Redundancy filter with 25-micron filter mesh 25 m滤网的备用滤器动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Start up pumps: 起动泵： High-press

21、ure pumps with supply pressure of 175 bar 提供175 bar压力的高压泵 Low-pressure pumps for filling the exhaust valve push rod with supply pressure of 4 bar 为排气阀顶杆提供4 bar压力油的低压泵 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Engine driven axial piston pumps supplying high pressure oil to the Hydraulic Cylinder Unit wi

22、th oil pressures up to 250 bar 机带柱塞泵，为液压缸单元提供250 bar公斤压力油 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Before engine start, the hydraulic oil pressure used in the mechanical/hydraulic system (for controlling the actuators) is generated by electrically driven start-up pumps. 柴油机起动前，控制执行机构的机械液压系统的液压油由电动起动泵供

23、给。 After start, the engine driven pump will take over the supply. 起动之后，改由机带泵供给。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The engine driven pumps are gear or chain driven, depending on engine size. 发动机的尺寸决定机带泵由齿轮或是链条驱动。 If so preferred, all pumps can also be electrically driven. 如果愿意，所有的泵都可以是电动的。 动力工程系动

24、力工程系Power Engineering Department The hydraulic pumps are axial piston pumps with flow controlled by the integrated control system. 液压泵是轴向柱塞泵，流量由内置的控制系统控制。 There are three engine driven pumps, but actually only two are needed for operation. (系统中)有三台机带泵，而实际运行中只需要两台。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Departm

25、ent Second-order moment compensators, where needed, can be integrated into the pump drive. 如果需要，二级参量补偿器可以整合到泵的驱动中。 Alternatively, electrically driven compensators can be used. 或者使用电力驱动的补偿器。 If so preferred, the entire hydraulic oil system can be made as a separate, independent system. 如果这么做，整个液压系统可以

26、单独做成独立的系统。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Fig. 12-1 shows the entire hydraulic oil loop with the hydraulic power supply system 。 图12-1给出了整个液压动力系统的液压油回路。 As can be seen, the generated servo oil is fed via double-walled piping to the Hydraulic Cylinder Units (HCU) of which there is one per cylinder, mounted on a common base plate on the top gallery level on the engine. 如图所示，所产生的压力伺服油经双壁管通向液压缸单元，每个气缸有一个液压缸，安装在机器走廊层顶部的共用底板上。 动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Each HCU has two important electronic control valves, i.e. t