非谓语分词2016最新版

1、非谓语动词之分词 分词分词分词包括两种： 现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动，进行的含义； 过去分词表示被动，完成的含义。 分词的句法功能分词的句法功能做定语做定语 单个分词一般放在被修饰的名词前。分词短语一般放在被修饰词之后， 相当于一个从句。 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the monitor of our class. (the young man who is sitting between John and Mary) 坐在约翰和 玛丽之间的年轻人是我们的班长。 He ate up the cake made by

2、his mother. (the cake which had been made by his mother)他吃光了他妈妈做得蛋糕。 注意： 如果定语从句和主句时态不一致， 不可以用分词代替从句 The young man who sat between John and Mary yesterday is our monitor.不可以变成 The young man sitting between John and Mary yesterday is our monitor. 谓语动词是be 或含有情态动词的定语从句也不能用分词代替 Those who are late are not

3、 allowed to come into the classroom.不可以变成Those being late are not allowed to come into the classroom. Will you find a workman who can repair the TV? 不可以变成Will you find a workman repairing the TV?做宾语补语做宾语补语 Catch, discover, feel, fin, get, have, hear , keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch 等动词后面常用分词作

4、补语。 I heard somebody walking next door.Ill have my watch repaired this afternoon.They have never heard English spoken before.做状语用作状语的分词在句中位置比较灵活。一般用于书面语言，口语中多用从句。表示时间， 原因，让步，条件，结果， 伴随情况或方式Turning around, I saw Tom in tears. (= When she turned around, she saw Tom in tears.)时间Seen from the space, the

5、earth is a blue planet. (=When it is seen from the space, the earth is a blue planet.)时间Being ill, he couldnt go to class. (=As he was ill, he couldnt go to class.)原因Absorbed in our conversation, we forgot our one-oclock class.(=As we were absorbed in our conversation, we forgot our one-oclock class

6、) 原因He sat in an armchair, watching TV.(=He sat in an armchair and watched TV)伴随 注意： 用作状语的分词短语的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。 Waiting for a bus, a stone hit me. (主句主语stone并不是分词waiting的发出者，可改为定语从句， 写出waiting 的主语： While I was waiting for the bus, a stone hit me.) Made of plastic, I didnt expect the chairs could be t

7、hat strong. (主句主语I不是分词made的发出者，可改为定语从句， 写出made 的主语： As the chairs were made of plastic, I didnt expect they would be that strong.).分词的不同形式分词的不同形式现在分词主动被动一般式doingBeing done完成式Having doneHaving been done否定NotHaving doneNot having been done完成式的用法完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，主要用做状语。Having finished shopping, she we

8、nt home.Not having heard from his parents for a long time, he was worried about them.被动形式的用法He is excited to hear his song being broadcast again and again on the radio.I noticed several flyovers being built in the city.The museum being built will receive visitors next year.He said he knew the girl b

9、eing interviewed.Having been given a map, we found our way easily.非谓语动词之比较不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词一般式一般式 主动主动 to do doingdoing被动被动 to be donebeing donebeing done完成式完成式 主动主动 to have donehaving donehaving done被动被动 to have been donehaving been donehaving been done不同形式不定式不定式 动名词动名词 分词分词主语主语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语非谓语动词

10、担当的成分不定式和动名词作主语的区别不定式和动名词作主语的区别 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作

11、；不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither一次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.To work means to earn a living工作就是

12、为了生活。如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people 我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps 他的爱好是集邮。

13、分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语， 一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。现在分词修饰物表示 “令人的”；过去分词修饰人表示 “感到”。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴 -interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的 - -excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的 -delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的 -disappoi

14、nted感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 -encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的 -pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的 -puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的 -satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的 -surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的 -worried感到担心的 Traveling is interesting but tiring 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too

15、 much 如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing 他的论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中有些动词要求用不定式做宾语， 有些要求用动名词， 还有些动词不定式和动名词都可以使用。不定式、现在分词和过去分词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别作定语的区别不定式作定语不定式作定语 不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力，本领ambition抱负，野心 ti

16、me时间 effort努力，尝试need需要，需求 failure失败，不及格chance/ opportunity机会 promise许诺，希望 intention意向，意图reason理由，原因 decision决定method/way方法，方式right 权力determination决心，决定wish希望，愿望，祝愿 His wish to buy a car came true他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或nex

17、t second, last, only只能用不定式。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave 他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。 分词作定语分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house The child standing over there is my brother The room facing south is our classroom H

18、ave you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher 他是个先进教师。 不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？（人还没有来） Do you want to see the

19、doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？（正在写病历） Do you want to see the doctor sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位从北京请来的医生吗？(人已经请过来了)5 5不定式和分词作状语的区别不定式和分词作状语的区别 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutt

20、ing the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们

21、必须设法克服。动词不定式和分词作状语的区别动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan 他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan 他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) 分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading carefully，he found something he ha

22、d not known before 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间) His family was too poor to support him 他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf 这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果) We are glad to hear the news 我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因) 【指导指导 借鉴借鉴】非谓语动词具有灵活多变的特点，大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律： 1. 对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词

23、对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式的时态形式 非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，就用不定式的一般式；如果表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行，就用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式；如果表示动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式（特殊情况下，也可用动名词的一般式）。 2辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态系判断非谓语动词的语态如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者，即两

24、者之间存在主谓关系，就用非谓语动词的主动式；如果逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者，即两者之间存在动宾关系，就用非谓语动词的被动式。 3. 两方面结合，判断时态、语态混合形式两方面结合，判断时态、语态混合形式 有些非谓语动词的形式把时态和语态的变化融合在一起，这时，我们可以把上述两方面结合起来判断。在非谓语动词的逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者的情况下， a)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词的被动式； b)如果动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，就用不定式的被动式； c)如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，就用现在分词、动名词或不定式的完成被动式。强化闯

25、关1. No computers so far having built can have the same ability as human brains.2. Guiding by a belief that computers would be valuable tools on every office desktop and in every home, Bill Gates began developing software for personal computers.3. When Mrs. White goes back to her home after class, sh

26、e expects Jane, her daughter, to being working at her desk.4. Never lost faith in himself, the scientist was determined to carry on with the research, no matter what others said.5. Having worn out after a long walk, Helen called and said that she couldnt come to the party. 6.Most of the students, su

27、rprising at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it.7. So far, several cases of a disease, knowing as bird flu, are reported to have been found in the country. 8. Everything taking into consideration, they ought to have another chance.9. If the work be completed by the end of this

28、month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.10. The Olympic Games take place in Beijing in 2008 will surely attract reporters of all countries.答案及解析：1. 去掉having。 过去分词作后置定语，在本句中表被动概念。2. GuidingGuided。过去分词作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he was guided. (因为受引导)。3. beingbe。to be working 是动词不定式的进行式, e

29、xpect sb. to be doing., 意为 期待某人正在干。 4. lostlosing。现在分词的否定式作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because he never lost.，注意现在分词的否定式是在分词的前面加not或never。5. 去掉Having，worn中的w改为大写。worn out为过去分词作原因状语，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经存在的状态，相当于原因状语从句Because she was worn out.,wear sb. out 意为使某人筋疲力尽。6. surprisingsurprised。过去分词作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句because th

30、ey were surprised.。 7. knowingknown。过去分词作后置定语，known as意为被称为，作为被人知道。8. takingtaken。过去分词构成的独立主格结构作条件状语。Everything taken into consideration相当于条件状语从句If everything is taken into consideration(假如把一切考虑在内的话)。9. be前加to。由时间状语by the end of this month以及动词complete和句子的主语work的关系判断，应用不定式的被动式作后置定语，表示将来的被动动作。10. take

31、 前加to。不定式作后置定语，表示将来要发生的动作。注意take place无被动形式，也不能用其过去分词作定语、状语等。.1I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given Ano possibility Bthere was impossibility Cimpossible Dit impossible 2 Youre going to England next year. You should now practise _ English as much as possible. A. speak B. to spe

32、ak C. speaking D. Speak about 3 If we dont start out now, we must risk _ the train. A. miss B missing C. being missed D to miss 4 The flexibility灵活性 of film allows the artist _ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. Ato bring Bbrining Cis brought Dbrings 5 .Although the lectu

33、re had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_. A. to sit Bfor to sit on Cto sit on Dfor sitting 6 Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her? Aplease Bpleased Cto please Dhaving pleased 7 The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ag

34、e when Dr. Adudon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up 8 .I heard him _the door A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. being locking 9 .The students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A. is B. being C have been D. to be 10 The bank is reported in the local n