计算机网络技术第4章因特网及其应用

1、应用层应用层表示层表示层会话层会话层传输层传输层物理层物理层数据链路层数据链路层网络层网络层7654321OSI/RM应用层应用层传输层传输层网络接口层网络接口层网际层网际层TCP/IPEthernet, 802.3, 等等TCP/IP支持支持所有标准的物所有标准的物理层和数据链理层和数据链路层协议路层协议DNS是TCP/IP的应用层协议之一。它利用了UDP传输层协议，端口为53。HTTPFTPSMTPTFTPDNSTelnetSNMP2123255369161TCP UDP应用层应用层传输层传输层TCP和和UDP都用都用端口端口(port)号号来识别应用层实体，根来识别应用层实体，根据据IP

2、地址和端口号就可以唯一地确定目的主机中某地址和端口号就可以唯一地确定目的主机中某个特定进程。个特定进程。port80域名空间分为若干层次：根域（顶级域）和次级域comabcxyzabcxy因特网 顶级域名服务器本地域名服务器 授权域名服务器 “树根” 顶级域名服务器y本地域名服务器 授权域名服务器 本地域名服务器 授权域名服务器 的 IP 地址是什么？ Telnet Server Username:Password: InternetTelnet中国西安理工大学美国加州大学U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Yl 不是指机器，不是指机器，是服

3、务器进程。是服务器进程。由于 PC 机的功能越来越强，用户已较少使用TELNET了l 不是指机器，不是指机器，是服务器进程。是服务器进程。TCP连接连接TCP连接连接TCP连接连接TCP连接连接l 发信人运发信人运行用户代理行用户代理编辑邮件。编辑邮件。发件人的邮件服务器收件人的邮件服务器l 发送端邮件服务发送端邮件服务器收到邮件后，将器收到邮件后，将邮件放入邮件缓存邮件放入邮件缓存队列，等待发送。队列，等待发送。l 发送端邮件服务器中的发送端邮件服务器中的SMTP客户进程发现邮件客户进程发现邮件队列中有待发送的邮件，队列中有待发送的邮件，就与接收端邮件服务器建就与接收端邮件服务器建立立TCP

4、连接。连接。l 发送端的发送端的SMTP客户进客户进程使用程使用SMTP协议把邮件协议把邮件队列中的邮件发送给接收队列中的邮件发送给接收端的端的SMTP服务进程。服务进程。l 发送完后，关闭发送完后，关闭TCP连连接。接。l 接收端邮件服务接收端邮件服务器将收到的邮件放器将收到的邮件放入收件人的邮箱中。入收件人的邮箱中。l 收件人收信时，运行收件人收信时，运行用户代理，用户代理使用户代理，用户代理使用用POP3协议将用户邮协议将用户邮箱中的邮件下载到本地箱中的邮件下载到本地计算机。计算机。l 用户代理利用用户代理利用SMTP协议将邮协议将邮件传送给发件人件传送给发件人的邮件服务器。的邮件服务器

5、。TCP连接连接SMTP握手握手邮邮件件传传送送断开断开连接连接/连接到email服务器的25端口/发件人邮箱地址/收件人邮箱地址/邮件内容/邮件内容结束非 ASCII 码7 位 ASCII 码MIMESMTPMIMESMTP7 位 ASCII 码7 位 ASCII 码非 ASCII 码用户用户Software、 ProgramDocumentsVideo，Audioftp Username: anonymousPassword: 匿名登录FTPAnonymous FTP STCP数据传送数据传送控制控制FTP客户端客户端TCP数据传送数据传送控制控制FTP服务器端服务器端X21因特网因特网2

6、0Y由客户端发起由服务器端发起3次握手01 ftp 02 connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp g

7、et rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.01 用户要用 FTP 和远地主机(网络信息中心 NI

8、C 上的主机)建立连接。 01 ftp 02 connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc

9、1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.02 本地 FTP 发出的连接成功信息。 01 ftp nic.d

10、02 connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PO

11、RT command successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.03 从远地服务器返回的信息，220 表示“服务就绪”。 01 ftp 02 connecte

12、d to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command succes

13、sful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.04 本地 FTP 提示用户键入名字。用户键入的名字表示“匿名”。用户只需键入 anonymous 即可。 01 ftp 02

14、connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT comman

15、d successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.05 数字 331 表示“用户名正确”，需要口令。 01 ftp 02 connected to nic.ddn

16、.mil03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 150

17、ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.06 本地 FTP 提示用户键入口令。用户这时可键入guest 作为匿名的口令，也可以键入自己的电子邮件地址，即耶鲁大学数学系名为 xyz 的主机上的 abc。 01 ftp

18、 02 connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11

19、200 PORT command successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.07 数字 230 表示用户已经注册完毕。 01 ftp 02 connected

20、 to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command success

21、ful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.“ftp”是 FTP 的提示信息。用户键入的是将目录改变为包含 RFC 文件的目录。 01 ftp 02 connected to

22、 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful

23、.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.09 字符 CWD 是 FTP 的标准命令，代表 Change Working Directory。 01 ftp 02 connect

24、ed to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command succe

25、ssful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.10 用户要求将名为 rfc1261.txt 的文件复制到本地主机上，并改名为 nicinfo。 01 ftp 02 conn

26、ected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command su

27、ccessful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.11 字符 PORT 是 FTP 的标准命令，表示要建立数据连接。200 表示“命令正确”。 01 ftp 02 con

28、nected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command s

29、uccessful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.12 数字 150 表示“文件状态正确， 即将建立数据连接”。 01 ftp 02 connected to nic.

30、03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 1

31、50 ASCII data connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.13 数字 226 是“释放数据连接”。现在一个新的本地文件已产生。 01 ftp 02 connected to 03 2

32、20 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 150 ASCII da

33、ta connection for rfc1261.txt (7,1401) (4318 bytes).13 226 ASCII Transfer complete. local: nicinfo remote: rfc1261.txt 4488 bytes received in 15 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s).14 ftp quit15 221 Goodbye.14 用户键入退出命令。 01 ftp 02 connected to 03 220 nic FTP server (Sunos 4.1)ready.04 Name: anonymous05 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.06 Password: 07 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.08 ftp cd rfc09 250 CWD command successful.10 ftp get rfc1261.txt nicinfo11 200 PORT command successful.12 150 ASCII data connection for rfc1261