专题归类复习一　连词与并列句、状语从句

1、.连词是连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子的词，主要分为并列连词和从属连词。一、并列连词与并列句并列连词表示单词、短语或句子之间存在并列关系。并列句是用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句，其构成形式为“简单句并列连词简单句。1. 表示顺延或并列关系的连词及并列句and和bothand和都not onlybut also不但而且neithernor既不也不Be careful, and you will make fewer mistakes. 仔细一点儿，这样你会少犯错误。It is dangerous for both you and your pet. 这对你和你的宠物而言都是危险的

2、。The room is not only large but also beautiful. 这个房间不但大而且漂亮。He is neither reading nor writing now. 如今他既没有读书，也没有写字。注意：not onlybut also和neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原那么，即谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only you but also I am a teacher. 不但你而且我也是一名老师。Neither I nor he is the member here. 我和他都不是这里的会员。2. 表示转折关系的连

3、词及并列句but 但是yet 然而while 而I called after you, but you did not hear. 我在后面叫你， 但你没听到。It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious.这辆汽车不大，然而出奇地宽阔。Jim likes English while his sister likes Chinese. 吉姆喜欢英语，而他妹妹喜欢汉语。3. 表示选择关系的连词及并列句eitheror 要么要么or或者You either come in or go away; don't stand by

4、 the door. 你要么进来，要么走开；别站在门口。You can stay here, or you can leave. 你可以待在这里或者分开。注意：1eitheror连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原那么，即谓语动词与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Either Jim or you go instead of me. 要么吉姆要么你代替我去。2or 作并列连词，还可译为“否那么Study hard, or you will fall behind.努力学习，否那么你将落后。 4. 表示因果关系的连词及并列句so 所以，因此，于是for 因为He was ill, so he

5、didn't go to school.他病了，所以没有去上学。I went to see him, for I had something to tell him. 我去见他了，因为我有事要告诉他。二、附属连词与状语从句状语从句通常由附属连词引导，与主句连接。根据不同的用处，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句等。1. 引导时间状语从句的连词when/while/as当的时候before/after在之前/后until/till 直到whenever 每当；无论何时as soon as一就since 自从以来1when, w

6、hile 与 aswhen, while 与 as都可译为“当的时候，用来引导时间状语从句。when从句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。当主句为一般将来时时，从句常用一般如今时表将来，即“主将从现。while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，多用进展时，可连接两个同时发生的动作。 as从句的动词一般为短暂性动词。as引导的从句一般不用进展时。as引导的从句还可译为“一边一边；随着。When she came into my room, I was watching TV. 当她进入我的房间时，我正在看电视。Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对

7、不起，你给我打 时，我出去了。When you are out, I will look after your dog. 当你不在的时候，我会照顾你的狗。While they were talking, the bell rang. 当他们正在谈话的时候，铃响了。While Jim was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当吉姆看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。As time went by, the weather got worse. 随着

8、时间的推移，天气变得更加糟糕了。2before与afterbefore与after引导的时间状语从句分别表示“在之前和“在之后。当主句为一般将来时时，从句常用一般如今时表示将来。I will get everything ready before the teacher comes in. 我将在老师进来之前准备好所有的东西。3until与tilluntil与till意义一样。二者都可用于肯定句中，表示“做某事直到某时，动词必须是延续性动词；until还可用于否认句中，表示“直到某时才做某事，动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词均可。肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡

9、到半夜。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。否认句： She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。Don't get off the bus until it stops. 公共汽车停下后再下车。I didn't manage to do it until you explained how. 直到你解释了以后，我才做成这件事。区别： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I heard nothing about what happened. 直到你告

10、诉我，不然我一点儿也不知道发生了什么事。4whenever与as soon aswhenever意为“每当；无论何时；as soon as意为“一就。引导时间状语从句时，当主句为一般将来时时，从句常用一般如今时表示将来。He asked about my health whenever he met me. 他每次碰到我，都问我的安康状况。Whenever she comes, she brings a friend. 她每次来都带一位朋友。As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 我一到家，天就下起雨来。I'll ring you up as

11、soon as they arrive here. 他们一到这里，我就给你打 。5sincesince意为“自从以来，引导时间状语从句时，主句常用如今完成时，从句常用一般过去时。Two weeks has passed since they arrived in Paris. 自从他们抵达巴黎以来，两周过去了。2. 引导条件状语从句的连词if 假如unless 除非条件状语从句通常由if或unless引导。当主句为一般将来时时，从句用一般如今时表示将来，即“主将从现。He will help you if you ask him.假如你请他帮助，他会帮助你的。Unless it rains,

12、the game will be held as planned. 除非天下雨，否那么比赛将按计划举行。注意：在“祈使句and/or陈述句句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。Use your head, and you'll find a way. If you use your head, you'll find a way.动动脑筋，你就会想出方法来。Start earlier, or you will fail to arrive there on time.If you don't start earlier, you will fail to arr

13、ive there on time.假如不早点儿动身，你就不能按时赶到那儿。3. 引导原因状语从句的连词because 因为since 既然as 由于because, since与as都表示原因，语气由强至弱依次为becausesinceas。1because表示直接原因，语气最强，常用来答复由why提出的问题。Why are you late? 你为什么迟到了？Because I missed the bus.因为我错过了公共汽车。2假如状语从句所表示的原因是人们的事实， 那么要用since, 意为 “既然。Since the rain has stopped, let's go o

14、ut for a walk. 既然雨停了，咱们出去漫步吧。3as表示的原因是双方的事实或显而易见的原因。其含义与since一样，但语气更弱。We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她仁慈。As I had a cold, I was absent from school. 因为我感冒了，所以没去上课。4. 引导目的状语从句的连词so that 以便；为了in order that 以便；为了1so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would 等情态动词。We

15、 started early so that we could catch the first train.我们很早就出发了，以便能赶上第一班火车。We used the computer to search for information in order that we might save time.为了节省时间，我们用电脑查信息。2so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时，假如主句主语和从句主语一致，可用to或in order to将其转换为简单句。He got up early so that he could get to school on time.He g

16、ot up early in order to get to school on time.为了按时到校，他起得很早。5. 引导结果状语从句的连词so that 结果是sothat/suchthat如此以致于1so that可引导结果状语从句，意为“结果是。Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. 杰克病得很厉害，他必须休息。2由sothat和suchthat引导的结果状语从句的构造分别是“so形容词/副词that 从句或“sucha/an形容词单数可数名词that 从句或“such形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词that从句。He was so exc

17、ited that he couldn't say a word. 他如此冲动，以致于一句话也说不出来。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to go out. 这么热的天，没有人愿意出去。He has such long arms that he can get the apples on the tree.他的胳膊如此长，以致于够得着树上的苹果。He gave us such valuable advice that we were very grateful to him. 他给了我们很有价值的建议，我们很感谢他。 注意：1假如名词由

18、many, much, little少, few等表示数量的词修饰时，只能用so, 不能用such。He has so many books that I can't count them. 他有很多书，以至于我数不清它们。There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all. 食物太多了，我们吃不完。I have so little money that I can not afford a car.我的钱太少，买不起一辆车。2sothat和suchthat句式可以进展同义句转换。This is so interesting a

19、 book that we all enjoy reading it.This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。3sothat与tooto或notenough to 可以进展同义句转换。He is so young that he can't go to school.He is too young to go to school.He is not old enough to go to school.他年龄太小了，不能去上学。He was so excited that

20、he couldn't go to sleep that night.He was too excited to go to sleep that night. 那天晚上，他如此兴奋，以致于无法入睡。6. 引导让步状语从句的连词though/although 尽管，虽然though和although同义，引导让步状语从句，可以互换使用，但主句里均不可用but; 假设要强调前后两部分的比照意义，可在主句前加yet或still。Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。Altho

21、ugh/Though he was tired, he kept on working.他虽然很疲劳，但仍继续工作。 1.2019·盐城Work hard, _ you'll have a big success.A. or BbutCand Dyet2.2019·苏州You will never achieve success _ you devote yourself to your work.Aafter BifCbecause Dunless3.2019·盐城You will be able to see something _ you climb

22、 onto those rocks.Aif BthoughCuntil Dunless4.2019·连云港The Reader has been a popular programme since last year, _ there is still something not satisfying.Athough BuntilCif Dunless5.2019·黄冈Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader?The Reader, of course. _ I _ my brother likes it. AB

23、oth; andBNeither; norCEither; orDNot only; but also6.2019·天水Taxi Apps打车软件 can help us travel around more easily. _ more and more people like using them.A. Or BSoCAnd DBut7.2019·滨州I want to be a teacher when I grow up.Work hard, _ your dream will come true.Aor BbutCthough Dand8.2019·泰安

24、I didn't believe I could do it _ I got to the top of Mount Tai.Aunless BuntilCafter Das9.2019·青岛Jack's mother was so tired. She felt asleep _ she lay down on the bed.Auntil Bas soon asCunless Dalthough10.2019·孝感 _ dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of no

25、ise. A. If BAlthoughCUntil DBecause11.2019·安徽Hold your dream, _ you might regret some day.A. and Bor Cbut Dso12.2019·呼和浩特 _ Lucy _ you can't go to the party. One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma.ANeither; norBEither; orCNot only; but alsoDBoth; and13.Laura opened t

26、he door and rushed into the rain_ I could stop her.Auntil Bafter Cbefore Dunless14.Chen Wei isn't at school today _ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.Aso Bbecause Cbefore Dif15.My mother prefers to take a bus to her office, _ she has a car of her own.Aif BbecauseCalthough Duntil16. 2019· 咸宁Harry Potter is _ an interesting novel _ I want to read it again.I agree with you.A. so; that Btoo; toCsuch; that Das; as17. Li Na is _ famous _ all the tennis fans in China know her.A. too; to B. enough; to C. as; as D. so; that18.Bill, please turn down the m