单项选择的解题指导

1、高考英语单项选择解题指导葛诵志单项选择考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略 和情景交际等。近年来单选的题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法 知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用能力，又要求根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项选择题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的 积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。下面我想结合同学们遇到的一些典型习 题做些分析，希望能给同学们一些启发。理解句意

2、，整体把握在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言 片语，以偏概全，盲目做题。例如：The number of students admitted annually to this schoolfrom more than 1,000 in theyear 2000 to some 2,000 last year.A. in creases B. has in creasedC. is in creasi ng D. in creased答案：Bo有很多同学会误选D,因为他们没有看懂原文，只是把last year看作了时间状语。 其实这句话要表达的

3、意思是 这个学校每年录取的学生数已由2000年的1000人增加到了去年的20 00人。”强调的是对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时。而题干中的last year并非时间状语，而是定语。2、注意语境，捕捉句子中暗含信息近年来，单项选择淡化了对所谓 纯”语法和 纯”词汇的考查，而是设置特定的语境对语法和词汇进 行考查，这样，准确了解语境信息就成为成功解答语境单选题的钥匙，而语境信息在题干中可以是 单词、短语或完整的句子。例如：-1 stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You with Barbara.A. could have sta

4、yed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed答案：A。本小题的命题思维角度极佳，不定冠词 a为语境信息词而并非定冠词 “the,”只有通 过不定冠词a对整个题干的准确理解才不至于误选干扰性极大的 D项，试想一下 我在纽约时住在 （任何）一家旅馆”与 你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起”的概率有多大？反之 我在纽约时住在这家旅馆”， 哦，是吗？那么你一准儿和芭芭拉住在一起 ”才可以是顺理成章的事实。3、分析句子结构，明确句子成分 分析句子结构，明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分， 有时对于我们选择正确答案是很 必要的。在分析过程中，要特别留

5、意标点符号，句子中的 and, but, or等并列连词和从属连词，从 而判断出这是一个简单句、并列句，还是主从复合句。例如：At last, we found ourselves i n a pleasa nt park with trees providi ng shade a nddow n toeat our picnic lunch.A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat答案：D.很多同学选A,把选项看作了伴随状语。其实，选项前有一个很关键的词“and：从而可以判断选项部分与“founcff行，构成了并列谓语，因此 D才是正确答案。4、细心

6、观察，注意相似句型之间的差别通过初、高中知识的积累，同学们掌握了大量的句型，其中有些句型看上去极其相似，同学们在解 题时必须细心审题，加以辨别，找出所考查的句型。例如：is well known that he is good at maths in our class.is well known, he is good at maths in our class.is well known is that he is good at maths in our class.A. What B. This C. It D. As答案：C; D; Ao这三句话表达的是同一个意思，但却用了不同的句型

7、。第一个句子中It为形式主语，而that he is good at maths in our class为真正的主语；而第二个句子中，同学们要注 意中间的逗号，是由“a昜I起这个非限制性定语从句，它的先行词是后面的一整句话，意思是 正 如大家都知道的”。第三个句子可是一个 主系表”结构的句子，意思是 失家都知道的事是在我们班 他擅长数学”，英语中“的事情”用一个词来表示就是“what；在此引导一个主语从句。5、留意日常交际用语高考中经常会考查日常交际用语方面的内容，因此同学们在学习中，要注意积累了解两个不同民族的交际习惯，熟悉中、英两种文化的差异，掌握各种情景中交际应酬的用语，避免汉语式英语

8、。例 如：（2005重庆）-We missed you at this morning's meeting, Diana.-, but if I had n't had to meet a frie nd, I would have bee n there.A. Me, tooB.m sorryC .Never mindD. Thank you答案：B。m sorry, but是很地道的英语，其中but用在表示歉意的话后，引起一个句子， 并无实际意义。而同学们却受到汉语习惯的影响，认为有“bu就必须存在转折的语气，以至于错过了正确答案。6、注意排除思维定势的干扰在复习过程中，同

9、学们已经做了大量习题，因此对有些看似熟悉的题目产生了思维定势。当题干略 有变化时，不能随机应变，而是凭老经验办事，结果造成错误。例如：（2006天津）-I'm thinking of the test tomorrow, m afraid I can't pass this time.-! m sure you'll make it.A. Go ahead B. Good luckC. No problem D .Cheer up答案：D。很多同学在看到题干 我正在考虑明天的考试”，就很自信地选择了 B祝你好运”。 再看以下后半部分题干 我担心不能通过”，显然，这道题的

10、题干表示的是 说话人的担心、忧虑”,而不是简单陈述一件事实 我明天参加考试。”，因此答语中要求的已不是大家熟悉的祝愿的话，而 应该是安慰的话”振作点！我认为你能行。”2009年高考英语单项选择解题指导（二）W还原再现法一. 消元简化法：即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分，找出句子的主干从而简化句子。1. The exciting moment at last.A. coming B. came C. come D. comes2. The writer, whom I often refer to at the meetings,famous for those worksA. is B. are C

11、. am D . were3. He ofte n sta nds aga inst the fence and talks en dlessly with my fathergarde ning problems.A. toB. tooC. aboutD. off二. 还原再现法：即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目，以便理解句意，从而降低难度。一般有以下6种情况。（一）、将疑问句改成陈述句女口： 1.Whom would you rather havewith you ?A .to go B. go C. gone D. going还原为:you would rather have whom w

12、ith you.分析：测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作。have sb. dosth.（二）、改被动句为主动句I. Time should be made good use ofour less ons well.A. learni ng B. learned C .to lear nDearns还原为: We should make good use of timeour less on well.（三）、强调句型还原成简单句式判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法-去掉题干中的It is（was）.that（who），如果句子仍然成立 -表达完整的意思，

13、则是强调句型；否则，则不是强调句型。1. It wasthe old clock that the old man spe nt the whole morning at homeA. repairB. repairingC. to repair D . in repair还原为:The old man spent the whole morning the old clock at home注意比较下面例子：2. It was 2004you joi ned the football club.It was in 2004you joi ned the football club.A . w

14、ho B . that C . whe n D . which分析：第一句运用还原法，去掉It was.（that）即可看出句意不完整（2004前需加in），故此句不是 强调句型，而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。第二句则是强调句（四）、感叹句还原为陈述句1. what little Tom said to his mother soun ded!A . what reas on ableB . How a reas on ableC .How reas on ableD . What a reas on able还原为：What little Tom said to his mother s

15、ounde!很容易发现sou nd之后应接形容词作表语。（五）、固定短语还原1. That waswe had in London 3 years ago!A . won derful time B . a won derful timeC . won derfulD . won derfully可还原为：We had a won derful time in Lon don 3 years ago。可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hada wonderful time （玩得愉快），定语从句中省略了关系代词that（六）、还原省略成分1. -What made you so happy ?. （

16、made me so happy）A. Because of my pass ing the exam.B. I passed the exam.C. Because I passed the exam.D. My pass ing the exam.2. - If the weather is fine, we'll go.-If,.A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, not（If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.）eg. If it is cheap,II buy it. If not, n

17、ot.If you study hard, you'll succeed. If not, not.3. The research is so designed that oncenothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun二once it is begun三. 语境定义法即根据实际语境，找到关键信息，从而准确答题。1. 一Which of the three ways shall I take to the village ?- way as you please.-Whic

18、h of the two ways shall I take to the village ?- way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 不同的语境传达不同的信息，注意比较：2. （原题） Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea Heit this morning.A. didB. has done C. was doingD. had done一 Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes Heit this morning四.标

19、点提示法：即根据句子中的标点符号，如逗号，分号，破折号等，从而正确理解句子含义1. Tom has many friends;can help him.A. few of whichC. few of thatB. few of whomD. few of themTom has many friends can help him.A. few of whichC. few of thatB. few of whomD. few of them五：克服思维定势法：即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式，不受母语思维的干扰，而是要仔细分析句子，从而不落入出题 人的圈套。1. The country li

20、fe he was used togreatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed解析易受sb be used to doin勺影响而误选C。根据句意和结构可知，he was used to为定语从句, 修饰先行词the country life0此空格应填谓语动词。2. Mr. Smith isa good teacherwe all respect.A. such, that B. such, asC. so, that D. so, as3. Mr. Smith isa good teacherwe

21、all respect him.4. around后究竟用什么？Is there a shop aroundwe can buy some toilet articles?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what5. smoking here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever6. smokes here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Whomever六：依据习惯用法：即根据英语语言的习惯用法，避免汉语式表达。1. It ' s getting l

22、ate.Im afraid I must be going now.OK.A. Take it easy.B. Go slowly.C. Stay Ion ger.D. See you.2. 如'果你方便的话”说成英语是if you are convenient吗？I'll come to see you if.A. you're convenientB. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenientD. it is convenient with you3. 交通拥挤”的英语是crowded traffic吗？He wa

23、nts to move house, because he hates thehere.A. crowded traffic B. crowded trafficsC. busy trafficD. busy traffics4. worth和asleep的修饰词Mary is very clever andworth teachi ng, but her brother is not. Look,he is nowasleep in class.A. very, very B. much, veryC. well, very D. well, fast5. who he is 还是 who

24、it isSome one is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it isSummary一. 应注意全面审题，克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式、不考虑语言意义和情景提示的思维习惯二. 充分依据题中信息找出提示，或者全面考虑找出暗示；三. 特别注意主从句、插入语、 时态、标点符号和一些复杂成分的干扰。固更高考英语容易做错的题（思维定势）A. Tasting B. Taste C. Tasted D. To taste19. He was sentenced to deathw

25、hat he has stolen from the bank.1. They on the program for almost one week before I joined them,and now we on it as no good results have come out so far.A.had bee n working;are still workingB.had worked; were still workingC.have been working;have workedD. have worked; are still working2.It would be

26、a goodidea to use a plasticbottle, cut off,as a container to grow young plants inA.of which the topB. the top isC.the top of whichD. with its top3.is ithas made Peterhe is today?A.What; that; that B.That; that; whatC.What; what; thatD. What; that; what4. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time

27、as he English.A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn5. The person we talked about our school last week.A . visiting B . will visit C. visited D. has visited6. Not far from the club there was a garden, owner seated in it playing bridge withhis childre n every after noon.A. whose B. i

28、ts C. which D. that7. You should treat him (in) the way suits him most.A. that B. since C. because D. because of20. hat do you think of the concert?reallenjojt.Ididnexpectwas_A. as B. more C. most D. very21. I have no dreams to have a happy life.A. rather than B. more than C. other thanD. less than2

29、2. s Lin looks rather a kind lady.ut in fact sheiscoldandhardonus.Youa. shouldnB.wouldntC.musfnt d. needn t23. I' (tyeveif I mayail_ _ sit there worrying in time of trouble.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more than D. less than24. He ran as fast as he couldto catch the bus.wonderbelieve it!A.25.A.

30、26.A.27.A.A. that B. in which C. / D. why28.8. He is a strict but kind-hearted father, the children respect but are afraid of.A.hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hopedHe had a lot of friends, none of could lend him any money.D. whowhomI metwhomB. themC. whichseveral people there, twoShe may whoseofwere f

31、oreig ners.B. themC. whoD. whichhave missed the trai n,B. that C. whichAccord ingread B. watchincase she won't arrive for another hour.D. whatto the rules, students must notC. no ticetheir books duri ng exam in ati ons.D. look atD.No,I haven tB.Y esI, haven tC. No, I havetewelrshebesridorheison

32、gamblidjebtsutalsdnerhouse.A. / B. that C. for whom D. one whom9. - Yoihaverb eetoBeijingaveou?. And how I wish to go there again!A.is；has B.has; had C.has;hasD.不填；has11.Weshoulddo more such exercises inthefuture,I think,those we did yesterdayA.as B. likeC. about D.tha n12.He will tellyouheexpects w

33、illwin sucha match.A.whyB. whom C. whichD.who13.Whowouldyou ratherthe reportin steadof you ?A.havewriteB. have to write C.writeD.have writte n14.Whowouldyou ratheryou repairyour CD player?A.helpB. helped C. helpingD.to helpA. Yes, I have10Notonly_15Wllbefreeomogw I suggest to the history museum.A. t

34、o visit B. visiting C. we should visit D. a visit16. I like swimming， while what my brother enjoys .A. cooking B. to cook C. is cookingD. cook17. How long have you bee n here？ the end of last mon th，A. In B. By C. At D. Since18. nice，the food was all eaten up soon.29. with a good education can apply

35、 for the job.A. Who B. Whoever C. AnyoneD. Who ever30. seen smoking here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whoever31. smoking here will be fined.A. Who B. Whoever C. AnyoneD. Who ever32. Is there a shop around we can buy some toilet articles?A. that B. which C. where D. what33. After seem

36、ed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.A. which B. itC. what D. that34. The judge paid no attention to he had just lost his wife.A. that B. which C. what D. the fact that35.They own twocars, nottoa motorbike.A. speakB.sayC. talkD. mention。36.He is$ ©to win,but rmnot sure.A. possibleB. li

37、kelyC.impossibleD. certain37.It is so difficulta problem thatstudent in this classwork it out.A. any, can't B. no, can C. every, can D. no, can't38. The problem is not easy. Think over.A. such, it B. that, it C. so,不填 D. that，不填.39. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, lives hi

38、s uncle.todittle.ibi.ca”o him?put into prison.most of the journey by lunch time .A.which Bwho Cwhere Dthat 40GoodUcktoyouan(_llyouwishe3Dmtrue!A.can Bmay Cmust Dshould41.w henneosefreedodoeonemoWtsvalue.A.Just BOnly CEven DEver 42Hewasn grealeedfmoneyohe $50O0orhiscar.A.paid Btook Ccost D spent- 43T

39、hewerenitparticulajoo(teanbuttheyrefusgivn anddefeat.A. accept B accepted CacceptingDtohaveccepted 44Mothe)ldJimtowatcthemilkunti It boiledndhen_SESff thegas.A.turn Bturning Cturned Dhavinlgirned45. “Havouseenpen?leftit herihismorning.“st laclone?think saWt somewhere.A. a,the Bthethe Ca,a Dthea46 TH

40、ayouseen pen?leftit herismorning/I _blackie?found in thecorner A. a,the Bthethe Ca,a Dthea47MyfrienMarjs autiftilrlandgirleveryonkesoworkwith.A. a,a Ba,the C.thea D.thethe48 Inherehere” NdBotandTimhaveskeforleaverA. anybody B. everybody Csomebodpnobody49. Inherehere” "YesmupstaiPeasomendhelpne.

41、A.anybody BeverybodyCsomebodyD.nobody50 1thinkheteachiswrongJ_?No,dontlhinl6orA. donyou Bdon'tCdoesh'e Ddoesis'he51 Thekeptryingtheynush avknowib wadnopeless.A. if Bbecause Cwhen D.where52 Whdtdheaslyou” “I woulbelate.”A. That BWhen C.Where DWhether53 'She/ola dancirtgachjshe” “”A.Y

42、esancfehdsn't B. Yesb utshevas C.Nobutshdsn't D.Nobutshevas 54Shet©othinSh_gainsomweigHjtutshe A. wouldjte B.will,eats C.wouldhatsD.will,ate55 “likeyoumortharhermydearr "Yom eamorthaIcheormoretharshdoves”？A. youme Bsheyou C.I, me DI, you56 'Alicwhydidnyoucomeesterday?but hadanu

43、nexpectedior. ”A.had Bwould Cwasgointp Ddid 57MrsBrowwasnucdisappoirttesfeehevashingachineeladadwenwronagain.A. it B. it repaireC.repaireD.toberepaired 58HetransplartheHttletreeo thegarden it wastheoestimorit.A.where B. when C.that D.until59. FevpleasuGaequalof a coodrinlona hotday. A. some B.any C.

44、that D.those60. Heiustdoewhah epleasasdieveraboutnyonese. A. think B.thinksC. thinkingD.thought61. don'k nowvhethtostayn teachiog anotherb. A. tryingettingB.totrytoget C.tryingoget D.tryget62. PIeanekmyexcuSritomorrowr1eetgvegottopmucWorlk.63 Hewasnotanactow hppfteappeapnlfctage,awritewritingtor

45、ies.A. but B.and Cthen D.so64.Theaefivepai0utTmata loswhichto buy.A. tobechoseB.tochooism C.tochoosD. forchoosing 65Theyeptryingtheymush avenown wasiopeless.66. Heis amaiof fewwordsi,ncbeldospeaksitilto.67.1 f_arefulth,eexperimwirltbesuccessful.A. do B.doesC. doneD.doing 68.Theesealislsodesigntera0n

46、ce_npthigarbedontPchangteA. beginB. havinlgeguC . beginniDjbegun69.In that month, he earned as much as, ifthan, $40 000.A. no more, not morC. no mud not much70.He told me the news, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. that B. which C. as D. because71 'Each of the students,

47、working hard at hrBgp t®uteserSpyCo I.A. hopB. hopesC. hopirD. hoped72 “ haven't heard from Henry for a long limeW/hat do you suppose_A. was happeBirtp happen, has happenedad happened73.An awful accident, however,occur the other day.A. does?. did C. has tD. had to74 Where is if? Where is? I

48、 don't know what do you mean?A. whatB. that C. wherD . so75.He suggested the person referred _A. is B. be C. to be D. should be76rMust I turn off the gas aft-(PoPur§t?. You can never becareful with that.A enough B. tooC. soD. very77. If youstop smoking , you can only expect to have a bad co

49、ugh .A. won't B. would not . do notD. can not78.1 t's nearly seven o'clock . Jackbe here at any moment .A. musB. neeC . should). can79.We're leaving at six o'clock , and hopeA. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made80.Do you consider it any goodthe truck again ?A. to re

50、pair B. repaid ng C. repaired D. being repairi ng81 det us not wastetime we have left .A. the little B. little C. a little D. a little more82think the doctor is able to care ofis the matter with your son .A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything83t is what you do rather than what you saymatters.A. tha

51、t B. what C. which D. this84. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, refusing them when they turn to him.A. ifnever B. if ever C. if not D. if any85. What should I wear to attend his wedding party?Dressyou like.A. what B. however C. whatever D. how86. -The weather is too coldMarch this year. I

52、t was stillwhen I came here years ago.A. for; colder B. in; cold C. in; hot D. for; hotter87. When did it begin to snow?It startedthe night.A. during B. by C. from D. at88knewJohn Lennon,but notfamous one.A. /;a B. a/the C. /;the D.the;a89t'sgood feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World E

53、xpo that gives thempleasure.A. /;aB.a;/ C. the;a D. a;the9O.The survey shows that if people cannot affordhouse, they will feel less content aboutlife.A. the;the B. a;/ C. a;the D/;the91 det's go tocin ema that'll take your mind off the problem for while.A. the;the B.the;a C. a;the Da;a92n ou

54、r class, the student leaders are onduty everyfew days.A. the;a B. /;aC./;/ D.the;/93Qingdao ismost attractive coastal city and I wish I would go there forsecond time.A. a;a B. a;the C. the;the D. the;a94. -Is Mike a diligent student?-No,but he is a lazy one,i.A. anything B. somethi ng C. every th i

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