高中英语-定语从句-疑难点解析及疑难题目详解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高中英语 定语从句 疑难点解析及疑难题目详解编著者：安徽亳州三中 王丽胜I. 只能用关系代词that的情况1. 先行词里同时含有人和物时。如：I can still remember the students and pictures that I saw in the classroom.2先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级所修饰， 或本身是序数词、形容词最高级或基数词时。无论指人、指物如：Lin Zexu was the first Chinese that opened his eyes to the world in modern Chinese history.

2、(这里的that不能换成who)There are three that are in excellent quality.This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.This is the worst that I have met.This is the best composition that I have written.He is the second student that passed the exam.He is the worst that I have met.这是我见过的最差的一个。3.先行词被t

3、he very, the only, the right, the same, the last, the one,等词修饰时。如：This is the very laptop that I am going to buy.The only thing that matters is to find our way home.Thats the only thing that we can do now.4.先行词为everything, anything, something, nothing, none, the one(one见II-1)等不定代词时,或由every，any，some,

4、 no, none of, 等修饰时。如：Everything that he has done is in vain.他所做的一切都是徒劳的。He told me everything that he knew.Is there anything that I can do for you?He did everything that he can do for me.I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.No news that he tells us is good.Ex.: You

5、 can only be sure of _you have at present; you cannot be sure of something_you might get in the future. A. that;what B.what; / C.which; that D./ ; that答案：B 解析： be sure of 后面缺少宾语，从句的have也缺少宾语，故第一个空选what引导宾语从句并且作have的宾语；第二个空是that引导的定语从句，that在定语从句中作宾语所以省略了。综上：第一个空必须是what，第二个空可以是that/不填。【*不同于上面所讲的everyt

6、hing, anything等不定代词的用法，先行词是one，ones, anyone或those指代人时，只能用who不能用that如：She was so angry that he said to her father that he would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.】5.先行词是all，much, little, few，many, any，或先行词被all,much,liitle,few，many，any，every，no等所修饰时。 All that I can do for her is to cr

7、y with her.6.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时, 无论指人还是指物，都用that。此时的that常可省略。如: China is no longer the country that it used to be.(关系代词在定语从句中作表语) He is not the naughty boy that he was in the past.7.主句是there be结构，主语为物，其后的定语从句用that，不用which； 【主语是人，其后的定语从句用who,不用that】如：On the table there are two apples that you can take to

8、 school. In the office there is an old lady who is waiting for you.8.主句是who开头的特殊疑问句，该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用that（或whom）。 主句是which开头的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，该句中的定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 Who is the girl that is singing an English song? Who is the man that/ whom I saw this morning? Which is the book that you like?9.定语从句中套有另一个定语从

9、句，期中一个关系代词已用which。 He visited a factory which produced things that sold well.他参观了一个工厂，其制造的产品很畅销。II.适合用who而不用that指人的情况：1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代词。（the one见） One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说真话。2.先行词后有后置定语。Im writing to a friend in England who is

10、studying in Oxford University.3.在there be结构中。There are many young people who like his song very much.4.一个句子中有两个定语从句，期中一个用了that，为避免重复另一个宜用who。 The girl that you met yesterday is an English teacher who teaches well. III. 只能用关系代词which的情况1. 关系代词前面有介词时。如：This is the house in which we live in New Zealand.

11、(不可以是in that)2.先行词为that，those，并且指物时，要用which。如： Whats that which is floating on the river? 河里漂着的那个东西是什么？ 【如果先行词是that，those，但是指人时，要用who或whom,不能用that】如：The park will also honor those who helped the survivors. Those who want to see the film please write down your names here.3.引导非限制性定语从句时。如： Their son ca

12、me back, which made Mr. and Mrs. Edison Happy.4.一个句子同时有两个定语从句，其中一个是由that引导的，另一个用who，以免重复。（指人时）IV. as做关系代词 1. 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。as引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式： such+名词+as “像一样的；像之类” the same+名词+as “和同样的” We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语) 我们已找到了他们工厂里

13、用的那种材料。 我想读你看的那本书。 I want to read such a book as you read. =I want to read the same book as you read. such as such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as引导定语从句、先行词是such。 This book is not such as I expect.这不是一本我所期望的书。as引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代整个句子的内容，置于主句前面或后面。As you know, that dictionary was written chiefly for Chinese students.你

14、知道的，那本字典是专为中国学生编写的。Her performance was wonderful, as we had expected.=Her performance was wonderful, which we had expected.(as引导非限制性定语从句，置于主句后面时，可以用which代替as)正如我们所预料的，她的表演棒极了。众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。 As we all know, China is a developing country.As is known to all ,China is a developing country. Ex.:(2009天津高

15、考，14) I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as B. which C. when D.though 解析：as+do+主语结构表示“AB也一样”，as位于从句首，助动词提前构成倒装。2.as与which的区别定语从句区别限制性定语从句中1.名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as，不能用which。2.名词前有such修饰时，若从句是一个完整的句子，用that，此时that引导结果状

16、语从句。若从句不是完整的句子，如缺少主语、宾语，用as引导定语从句。3.the sameas指同样或同类的，the samethat指同一个。非限制性定语从句中4.as和which都指代前面整个句子的内容。as译为“正如，像”，放在主句前、后皆可；which译为“这件事”，只能放在主句后。【2】This book is written in such easy English that I can read it.(结果状语从句，that从句中不缺主语、宾语，that只起连接作用，无词义，不作句子成分)This book is written in such easy English as I

17、 can read.(宾语从句，as代指book，在从句中作read的宾语)【3】This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.(同类)This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.(同一个)【4】They won the game, as we had expected.(表示预料之中) They won the game, which we had not expected.(表示预料之外)【4】As was planned, we met at the school gate.【5】Summa

18、ry: the same-as-和the same-that-都是定语从句； such-as-是定语从句；such-that-是结果状语从句。V. 介词+which/whom引导定语从句的特点： Part 1.关系代词用作介词的宾语时，介词可以放于从句句首也可放于从句句末；介词放于从句句末时，关系代词可省略。如：This is the person (whom) you are going to work with. 2. 当先行词指人时，并且介词放在定语从句的句首时，关系代词要用whom，而不用who； 指物时要用which，而不用that。 注意：1.一些固定搭配中，一般不将介词与动词分开

19、，将介词提到关系代词之前，如listen to, look at, depend on, take care of, look into, look for等。什么叫固定搭配？当动词和介词组成的是个有特殊意思的词组的时候就不能提前。比如，look for, look after.这些词组的意思是单纯look和for没有的，只能放在一起。但如borrow from, live in，talk with, talk to，write to就可以将介词提前。This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.=This is the girl from whom

20、 I borrowed a book.这就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Is this the room which he once lived in?=Is this the room in which he once lived?这是他曾经住过的房子吗?介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句语一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：The man whomwhothatyou should write to is Mr. White. (wh

21、om 作to 的宾语，to在谓语动词之后)=The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介词to置于whom前，whom 作宾语)你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生 Part 一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型注意：此时不用who或that。 (1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that）(2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back

22、 from London二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。例如：1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改为that）2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改为that）三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。例如：(1)Do you still remember the day on which

23、we met for the first time? (2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。例如：(1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I dont know the person to whom you talked just now. 注意: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,

24、关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。1当关系代词作look after, look for, take care of等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语（. 含有介词的动词短语）的宾语时, 介词不可以提前。2若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；如：Is this the book which you are looking for? 若写成for which yo

25、u are looking 就错了。2.介词的选用必须遵循的三个原则： 依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。This is the book on which I spent five yuan.This is the book for which I paid five yuan.This is the book from which I learnt a lot.This is the book in which there are few new words.This is the book about which Tom often talks. 依据与先行词的搭配习惯来确定

26、。I still remember the day on which I joined the League.I still remember the days during which I lived in the country.I still remember the years in which I stayed there. 根据句子所表达的意思来确定。Part True or False Exercise 1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/t

27、hat I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfo

28、rtable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (F)(这里的talk with sb,fly in the plane,并不属于固定搭配,是直接就可以凑成的搭配,所以其介词可以提前)VI. whose= of which the 如：（2009 湖南高考，26）I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A

29、. which B. of which C. that D.whose解析：答案D a city whose name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.=a city of which the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.=a city the name of which will create a picture of beautiful trees and green

30、 grass in our mind.VII.why= for which 关系副词why的先行词常为reason,在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for which”Do you know the reason why he left early?= Do you know the reason for which he left early?但是，即便是先行词是表示原因的名词，但如果定语从句中缺的是主语、宾语或表语，关系词还是要用that或which（缺的是表语不可用which）如：The reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable.我不知道他缺

31、课的原因。 I dont know the reason why/for which he was absent from class.=I dont know the reason which/that he was absent from class for.VIII.关系代词无论是做动词的宾语还是做介词的宾语都可以省略。 Can you lend me the novel_the other day? A. that you talked B.you talked about it C. which you talked with D.you talked about 答案：D。答案还可

32、以使which you talked about 或that you talked aboutIX.特殊的关系副词that，在口语中课代替关系副词，要求指代的先行词是表示方式的名词如the way，在从句中that（=in which）充当从句的状语.我们不喜欢他与母亲说话的方式。We all dont like the way that he spoke to his mother(先行词the way是表示方式的名词，that在从句中充当状语)（此句为口语的用法）=We all dont like the way in which he spoke to his mother.* 需要注意

33、的是how不用于引导定语从句，可以用in which 或是that。X.特殊的介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 介词+which+名词（在定语从句中一起作状语），此结构可转换为：and+ 介词+thatthis+名词结构。 Jane lived in Paris for 5 years, during which time(=and during this time)she learned French.介词短语+关系代词（在从句中一般作状语），此结构可转换为介词+whose+名词结构。 He lived in a house , in front of which there was a tal

34、l tree.=He lived in a house in whose front there was a tall tree.=He lived in a house and in its front there was a tall tree.XI.特殊定语从句类别1：分隔式定语从句：先行词与关系词之间被某些结构如介词短语、不定式短语等分开A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English. 类别2：插入式定语从句：关系代词与从句中插入一个句子Last year I met a strange man, I still r

35、emember today, who seemed to come from a fairy story.类别3：省略式定语从句：介词+关系代词+不定式 可转换为介词+关系代词+定语从句She made enough money with which to buy a new computer.=She made enough money with which she could buy a new computer.类别4：关系副词where之前一般不加介词，但from where是个特例，此时where指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词。I stood near the window, fr

36、om where I could see the street.(此时where指代的地点短语是near the window)He climbed up to the top floor of the tower and soon his head appeared out of the window,_the whole city came into view.A. of which B. from which C. from where D.where答案：C 解析：此时where指代的地点短语是out of the window区别于：Soon we climbed up to the

37、 top of the mountain,_the whole city came into view. A.of which B.from which C. when D.from where答案：B。这里的which指代的是the top of the mountain.【Summary:比较句子与我们可以得出这样的规律：where指代的是介词+地点名词，也就是说where指代的是经典的地点状语，即介词+地点名词】 类别5：当先行词是case，situation,condition,point,position,stage等时，常用关系副词where。There are some case

38、s, where the rule is unfit to use.“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” 类别6：when有时可作关系代词，意为“那时”，跟在介词during，since,before等后I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading

39、 a novel.类别7：当先行词time表示“次数”时，定语从句用that引导，或that省略，当time表“时期”“一段时间”时应用when/at which/during which引导 Its the first time (that) Ive been here.(此时的是特殊的关系副词that，见第IX条) Ill never forget the time when/during which we played together.XII.定语从句难题收集：1.Having a chat with an old friend you havent seen for ten year

40、s is a pleasant thing,_I prefer very much. A.it B.that C.what D.one 答案：D 。 解析：逗号后面的部分可以用which来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a pleasant thing, 但选项中没有which。 此处可用代词one作a pleasant thing的同位语，one后面跟有一个定语从句，由于关系代词在此定语从句中作prefer的宾语，故省略了。2. The way_he looks at problems is wrong. A.which B. whose C what D./答案：D 。解析：记住一点：the w

41、ay作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，其后的的引导词可以是that/in which,也可以省略，故选D项。3.The freezing point is the temperature_water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C.in which D. of what 答案：A 解析：在某个温度用介词at，如：Water boils at a temperature of 100°C. The seeds should be stored at low temperatures.4. Ill tell you_he told me

42、 last week.A. all which B.that C.all that D. which 答案：C 解析：先行词是all，much, little, few，many, any，或先行词被all,much,liitle,few，many，any所修饰时，关系代词只能用that。这里的that在定语从句中做直接宾语，也可以省去。所以空格中可以填all或all that。5.That tree,_branches are almost bare, is very old. A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 答案：A。 解析：有人会误选B。

43、其实whose=of which+the 所以 ,whose branches are almost bare=of which the branches are almost bare,= the branches of which are almost bare,6.I have bought the same dress_she is wearing. A.as B.that C.which D.what答案：A 解析：从语法上A、B都有可能选。the same-as-同类的，相像的 the same-that-同一个 如：This is the same book as I lent

44、you yesterday.(同类)This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.(同一个)7.Those_not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A.learn B. who C that learns D. who learn 答案：D 。有人误以为还可以是that learn。先行词是one, ones, anyone, those等指人的不定代词,只能用who，不能用that。所以答案唯一只能是who learn。8.Anyone_this opinion

45、may speak out. A.that againsts B. that against C.who is against D.who are against答案：C 解析：同上一题。9.Is there anything_to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.that belong D.which belongs答案：B解析：先行词为everything, anything, something, nothing, none等不定代词时,或由every，any，some, no, none of, 等修饰时，只能用关系代词that。10.

46、Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except_who had already taken them. A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others答案：A解析： who had already taken them是个限制性的定语从句，因此排除B、C。而D选项the others 与some对应，不与all对应。 A项the ones 可以换成those。11.The hotel_during our holidays stands by the seaside. A.we stayed at B.wh

47、ere we stayed at C. we stayed D in that we stayed答案：A。B项要改为which we stayed at或where we stayed.12.He is not_a fool_.A.such, as he is looked B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked D.so,as he looks答案：BHe is not such a fool as he looks. as在定语从句中充当表语。13.Is that the reason_you are in favor of the propo

48、sal? A.which B. what C.why D.for that 答案：C 解析: be in favor of sth 支持，赞成14. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A.that B. as C.who D.what 答案：B 这里as也可以换成which。 解析：as 和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，as和which都指代前面整个句子的内容。as译为“正如，像”，放在主句前、后皆可；which译为“这件事”，只能放在主句后。 15.He has two sons,_work as chemists.

49、 A.two of whom B.both of whom C. both of which D all of whom 答案：B。解析：A项 two of whom,中的whom应该是三个或三个以上。A项要是改为the two of whom就也可以选了。16.I,_your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B.who am C. that is D. what is 答案：B。 C项 that is=that is to say : which means 就是; 即: He's a local go

50、vernment administrator, that is to say a Civil Servant. 他是地方行政官员, 也就是说是文官。如果选C，句子就是I, which means your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 这里应该是who means,这是一方面。另一方面就是朋友，何来意味着朋友的说法呢？17. I dont like_you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C. the way which D.the way of which答案：A解析：特殊的关

51、系副词that，在口语中课代替关系副词，要求指代的先行词是表示方式的名词如the way，在从句中that（=in which）充当从句的状语.此时的that或in which 可以省略。 C项要改为the way in which 就对了。18.The dinner was the most expensive meal we_. A.would have B.have had C. had never had D.had ever had答案：D 解析：人们常会误选B，要选B，主句的时态需要做相应的改变。 The dinner is the most expensive meal we h

52、ave had. The dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had.19.Do you know which hotel_?A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D.is she staying in 答案：B 呆在一个宾馆stay at/in a hotel ，本题不是定语从句，而是一个which引导的宾语从句，隶属于名词性从句的一种。20.There is only one thing_I can do.A.what B.that Call D.which

53、 答案：B。解析：主句是there be结构，主语为物，其后的定语从句用that，不用which； 【主语是人，其后的定语从句用who,不用that】21.Who can think of a situation_this idiom can be used? A.which B.that C.where D.in that 答案：C 解析：当先行词是case，situation,condition,point,position,stage等时，常用关系副词where。22.They were interested_you told them.A.in which B.in that C.al

54、l that D. in everything 答案：D 解析：They were interested in everything you told them. =They were interested in everything that you told them.(that引导定语从句，作该宾语从句的直接宾语，可以省略)另外，先行词为everything, anything, something, nothing, none等不定代词时,或由every，any，some, no, none of, 等修饰时。关系代词要用that，不能用which.23.I like the second football match_was held last week. A.which B. who C.that D./答案：C 解析：先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级所修饰， 或本身是序数词、形容词最高级或基数词时。无论指人、指物24.I think youve got to the point_a change is needed, otherwise youll fail. A.when B.that C.where D. which 答案：C 解析：当先行词是case，situation,condition,point,p