初二英语下册各单元语法点汇总

1、Unit 1 What' s the matter?一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：What' s the matter (with sb). )?(某人)怎么了 ？What' s wrong (with sb. )?(某人)怎么了 ？What' s the trouble (with sb. )?(某人)出什么事了 ？What happened (to sb )?(某人)发生了什么事？Are you OK?你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.某

2、人有什么事吗？(2度表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症.The twins have colds 双胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last nig ht她昨晚肚子痛。某人 +have/has+a+sore+发病部位. He has a sore throat 他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.He hurt his leg他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly我

3、头痛得厉害。某人 +have/has+a pain+in one' s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest 我胸口痛。© (There is)something wrong with one s+身体部位.There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble 她有心脏病。He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击She cut her finger 她割破手指了。二情态动词should的用法1 . Should为情态动词，

4、意为“应该；应当"，否定式为shouldn' t,其后接动词 原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。He should put his head backffc应该把头后仰。We should try our best to help him我们应当尽力去帮助他。You shouldn' t watch TV.你不应该看电视。2 . Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意 见。 Should I put some medici

5、ne on it?我应当 给它敷上药 吗？ Should we tell her about it我们应该告诉她这件事吗？【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结 构有：Would you like (to do) sth. ?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me你想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall I/we do sth 承/我们做 ,好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow朝天我们去动物园，好吗？Why not do sth微什么不,呢？Why not join

6、usM什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？How about going swimming法游泳怎么样？Let' s do sth让我们做,吧。Let' s go home.咱们回家吧。You' d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You' d better not go there alone 你最好不要一个人去那儿。Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks动词不定式A.作主语一一为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真

7、正的主语动词不 定 式 后 置。常 用 句 型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.B.作兵语动I1司want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, pre pareS 动词不定 式作宾语。C.作(后置)定语常用于 “have/has+ sth. + to do” 或 “ enough+名 + to do”“It' s time to do sth.” 等结构中。D.作宾语补足语tell, ask

8、, want, invite, teach, like, ca除可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to： “一感(feel), 二听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have, 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 半帮助(help)”。E.动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或so

9、as (to) “为了，目的是"。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F.固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please ( not) do sth.得。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould you please.?型(1)请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can youplease?态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无

10、区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 could you/I？若在句末加上please则显得更礼貌。Could you help me find my book,please?能帮我找到我的书吗？(2)对could you/I？的问句作出肯定回答，常用“ sure/certainly/of course”等； 如果作否定回答，常用“ sorry或oh,please don t"。一般不用no开头，用no显 得语气生硬、不礼貌。(3)表示请求的句式：Would you like to do.? Would you mind doing.? Let s

11、 do. Shall I/we do.?Please do.祈使句前加 please)提示：could you please.与could I Please.两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：Could you please help me?你帮我一下好吗？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom刎妈， 我能邀请我的朋友 参加我的生日聚会吗？Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?1 .提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，

12、或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How /what about doing sth.? (about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词)“怎么样？ ”You' d better (not) do something. “你最好(不)做某事”Would you like sth ？： “你想要某物 Let? s do sth？What should I do？( should表示请求、征询对方意见 )2 .学会谈论问题和学会用 why don't you提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议， 或征求某人的意见的表达方式：Why don? t you do something? =Why no

13、t do something?你为什么不做某事呢?来表示请求、征询对方意见3 . until, so that although引导的状语从句：1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是 “直到才”，”在以前不”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.2) so that引导目的状语从句(为了，以便)例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future3) al

14、though的用法意思相当于though (尽管，虽然)，引导让步状语从句。引导 的从句不能与并列连词 but, and, so等连用，但可以和yet, still等词连用。例如：Although he was tired, he went on working管他很累，但是他继续工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came过去进行时1 .基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的 动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。2 .结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing3

15、 .句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.否定式：I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑问式和简略回答：Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I w as not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/yo

16、u /they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not.注： 1） was not常缩略为 wasn' t; were not 常缩略为 weren' t。2） 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进 行的动作。例如：David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了。）David was writing a letter to

17、 his friend last night.大卫昨晚直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完。）4.过去进行时中的 when和while when, while 区别：1）由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.2）如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：The

18、y were singing while we were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if not 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.=They will go tomorrow if it doesn ' t rains.2. as soon asH导时间状语从句。 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. sothatlH导结果状语从句句型1:主语+

19、谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2： so +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+ that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few +复数名词+ that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little +不可数名词+ that从句I had so little money that

20、 I couldn' t buy a pen.Unit 7 What' s the highest mountain in the world?形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级句型：1 . A is as+M级 + as+ B 表示 A 与 B 一样eg: He is as tall as me.2 .A is not as/so + 原级 + as B 表示 A 不如 B - eg:He is not as tall as me.3 .只能修饰原级的词，very, quite, so, too, so, enough, pretty例如，He is too tire

21、d to walk on他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。（二）比较级句型可以修饰比较级的词，much, a lot, far,的多a little, a bit, 点儿 even甚至，still仍然Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.课比第二课容易彳导多。Tom looks even younger than befor丽姆甚至比以前更年轻。1 .当句中有than时则用比较级。 eg： He is fatter than me.2 .当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B? ”eg: Which

22、is bigger the earth or the moon? 哪一个大，地球还是月球？3 .“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。eg.The flowers are more and more beautif或;儿越来越漂亮。加more构成比较级的形容词则用 more and more +形容词表示越来越eg: English is more and more important.4 . “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。Eg. The more careful you are the fewer mistakes you ll make.5 . “A+be+the+

23、形容词比较级+of the two+ ”表示"A是两者中较的”。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6 .A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词（+介词短语）” 表示“A比同一 范围的任何一个人/物都' 含义是“ A最”。Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）最高级常用句型结构1

24、.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+Mof短语”表示“是中最的”。eg： Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2 .“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。Eg: Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3. “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A , B, or C? ”用于三者以上eg Which is the biggest?

25、 The moon,the sun or ths earth?4. “the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示是第几大（）eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加theeg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化规则变化1 .一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est,例如，tall-taller-tallest, l

26、ong-longer-longest2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如，nice-nicer-nicest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或est,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er或est,eg. big-bigger-biggest5 .部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly; beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful不规则

27、变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/mucmoremosthlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest（无血缘关系的）eldereldest （有血缘关系）Unit 8 Have you readTreasure Islan（yet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。It'

28、s so dark.太黑了。 Someone has turned off the light 有人把灯关上了。（2）表示从过去某一时间开始弁一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+ 一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连 用。Eg. I have lived here for ten year我已经住在这里 10年了。（从10年前开始，持续 到现在还住这儿）Eg. I have lived here since 2003自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续 到现在还住这儿）（3）基本结构及句型转换：主语 +have/has+

29、过去分词（done）（当主语是第三人称 单数has其余人称用have。）肯定句： 主语 +have/has+过去分词 +其他 I have finished my homework.借定句)否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework.(否定句)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Have you finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I haven' t,(一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)(4) has gone (to), has been (to),

30、 has been (的区另fjHave/Has gone(to)去了(现在不在说话现场)Eg. -Where is your fathei?一He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to):去过(已不在去过的地方)Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai si nce two months ago.(5)

31、现在完成时的标志：常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so fOr连用，强调动作的完成，不强调 动作的持续。Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.for +时间段；since +过去的时间点；since +段时间ago； since +一般过去时的 句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England. (6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick f picked f picked; wish f wished f wished; stayf stayed stayed2 .以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like f liked f liked; hope f hoped f hoped; phone f phoned f phoned3 .以一辅音字母+ y II结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed。如：study f studied f studied; hurry f hurried f hurried; reply f replied f