近三年上海高考英语真题汇编之概要写作

1、9近三年上海高考英语真题汇编之概要写作-CAL-FENGHAL-(YICAI)-Company One 120172020年上海高考真题汇编一概要写作2020年秋考Are people unique?It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.Zuberbuhler, a psychologist at St. Andrews

2、 University, and his colleagues recorded thousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaning to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a krack' alarm call at the sight of tiger. However, when they merely rep

3、eated calls made by other monkeys they added an oo .The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbells monkeys. So they are communicating across species. "And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can und

4、erstand all the different meanings * , said Zuberbuhler.What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to intelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachus

5、etts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects, which couldn, t have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelnik, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows （乌鸦）are capable of using tool

6、s in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed in non-humans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting th

7、e birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique.Scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate various messages with diff

8、erent calls in and across species. Some birds, like parrots and crows, have the ability to memorize and reason. So language and intelligence are not unique to humans.A在泗弓3分嘤求M俯次；F珏他迸一，D疝碗怅MG (2)及尔O)(1 )Scnne tixinkeys ctancoitwnunicAicsurtownwith diHcrcnt ualln in uik!npcvica.(2)S«>nx: bir&#

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11、ilsCM rift以F三点.以多田：(1) 1ntwl intelligence are not 11Mliquo io human bcmx.必刎域相她languagein<cllt|gcnec 仙个“闷. 仙来必定在MIU的"头或姑(2) MonkcyMAk.可以ilO过例 升我必也”以过过叔玷性M磨向我连.衣坯，U以小(3) Birds的特点.“f以通过例子衰达.也可以湎过柢括性的访自表述.我述可以不解IB“浦通分也术C)3分改岭中(1)点木收玷云锥， !rU5C>JlhiUKin bcing> arc(llJtfdi点贴到3分，3分理次中笊印()点&

12、;站亢跟1寿3分1附第q为,|乂为皿夕中的吵幺2020年春考Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we've seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries (边界)of human invention and innovation global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So,

13、increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识)from different scientific fields.There are now over 8,000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and enginee

14、rs have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn't done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a g

15、lobal team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve.Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focus

16、ing on profit, he decided to 'open-source' the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat

17、 capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a unit

18、ed purpose building on everyone's expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today's world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can

19、be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs. They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.2019年秋考Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize

20、 the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you're the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. Howev

21、er, people tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one.Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are a

22、ttempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and once the profits from early adopters, purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped abou

23、t $200 only eight months after its release.Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. In 2006, HD DVDs, a new format （制式）for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in

24、 early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices that just sat on their shelves collecting dust.Another good reason to resist the early adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has imperfections. For example, when Microsoft's game machine, Xbox One,

25、 was first released in 2013, users immediately began to complain of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to these issues. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.So don't join the first wave of consumers who invest i

26、n the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.参考答案：It is unwise to be early users of the latest devices. Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon. Finally, the de

27、vices are very likely imperfect. Therefore, doift be early adopters.L在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点A 2.需要说明作者对这一行为的态度（开头结尾皆可）It is unwise./Don't become.”表述可不相同）如没有表达 出这一态度，内容不能拿满分一在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意一点的具体内容:（1） Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced becaus

28、e companies want to get back the cost quickly.（该 B要点阐述定价高的理由）（2） Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon.（该要点阐述果实很快）（3） Finally, the devices are very likely imperfect.（该要点阐述设备不完美,如只写“unpaid testers”不准确）必须准确写出主题句及涵盖三个要点，要点可以不展开L主题句中"Early adopters /early users of latest devic

29、es”划线部分信息在主题句中没有表述，但下文提及，表 C述不扣分：但如果下文没有表达清楚是什么的早期使用者术语主题句表述不准确。（4） 个要点：over priced, out of date, imperfectL只提到三个要点，但没有主题句或主题句表述不准确（5） .有主题句，但三个要点中只提到两个1 .只提到一个或两个要点，但没有主题句或主题句表述不准确2 .有主题句，但三个要点中只提到一个2019年春考Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the

30、passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Where are the bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate （给授花粉）large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result o

31、f pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, beekeepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster （CCD）. The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive （蜂巢）.In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported th

32、at they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories of the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides （杀虫J） and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees

33、to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport du

34、e to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on tnicks are not exposed to what usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.No one knows for sure what causes bees to disappear, but losing bees is very costly for the econo

35、my. Bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would affect the quality of food and increase food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of tha

36、t tiny flying insect.参考答案：Bees are disappearing rapidlye The most persuasive explanation is related to pesticides and their current lifestyle. Now bees have to travel around as beekeepers rent them for pollination. On the way, they may die from stress or food on a diet polluted by pesticides. Whatev

37、er the cause, the loss of gees does great harm to the economy. （57w） 评分标准： 内容5分：包含三个要点（见3分），并对三个要点中的两个进行说明，如1. Now bees have to travel around as beekeepers rent them for pollination.2. They may die from stress on the way.3. They may feed on a diet polluted by pesticides on the way.4分：包含三个要点，并对三个要点中的

38、一个进行说明 或包含两个要点，并对两个要点进行说明3分：包含三个要点：1 .蜜蜂消失这一现象2 .蜜蜂消失的原因3 .蜜蜂消失对经济的影响包含两个要点，并对一个要点进行说明2分：包含两个要点1分：包含一个要点语言：1. 61-66个词，扣1分：超过66词，扣2分2,连续5个单词抄自原文，扣1分，不重复扣分。3 .有语法错误，扣1分，不重复扣分。4 .语言以准确为标准，不要求句式复杂，词汇丰富。若语言出色，有轻微语法错误不扣分。2018年秋考Becoming an attractive employeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable j

39、ob market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fxilly recovered. Thus, it's of vital miportance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attr

40、active as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a nat

41、ural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involve

42、d teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a

43、 candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the e

44、mployment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee”In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with g

45、ood reasons to hire them.A在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意 两点B在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意 一点的具体内容：(1) They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology.(2) They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they arecooperative and roal-oriented.（3）

46、 They need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers5 expectations into consideration.c必须包含主题句及涵盖三个要点（可以不展开）主题句需表达的意思：How can young people attract their future employers 或 How do young job seekers strategize the approach to job application?三个要点：information technology skills, exper

47、ience, attitudeD1 .只提到三个要点，但没有主题句2 .有主题句，但三个要点中只提到两个E1 .只提到一个或两个要点，但没有主题句2 .有主题句，但三个要点中只提到一个参考答案:How can young people attract their future employers First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resume the experiences that

48、reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking fiitxire employers expectations into consideration.学生答案：Due to financial crisis, young people should appear fully attractive to attach to employers. Firstly, information technology skills ar

49、e preferred in multitask because of its increasing importance. Besides, experience involving teamwork and valuable personal qualities is also of great value. Finally, employees should express their genunie hopes to show a great attitude to the job. All above contributes to hiring.（9 分）Since the econ

50、omy is not good at all, its essential for employees to become attractive. First, information technology skills are more nature for the young and important to get a job. Second, experience with group operation that needs management and variety is also important. Third, becoming humble and having a ri

51、ght attitude is also the employers are looking for.（8 分）Because of the financial crisis, the job seekers should be more attractive to apply for jobs. People should pay more attention to show their skillful expertise and their various experience working with others or their memberships. What's mo

52、re, keeping humble is important when you are in an interview. With this ideas, job seeker will get their ideal jobs.（6 分）After the financial crisis, being an attractive employee is important. Different skills in modern fields can make employers more easily find their job and show themselves. Rich wo

53、rking experience can help you survive in tough working surroundings well. And not being so confident is also very important for finding jobs.（不到 6 分）2018年春考Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own word

54、s as far as possible.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don't know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why

55、 we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of tnist and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reacti

56、on. and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are

57、with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirrormg otlier people's laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can fe

58、el closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a h

59、igher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival. and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.参考答案：Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laughWe laugh to feel closer to one another. La