新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册第一单元课文单词详细讲解

1、v1.0可编辑可修改Section A Text A Toward a brighter future for all1. Goodafternoon! As president of the university, I amproud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to mak

2、e your educational experience as rewarding as possible.下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你 们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。Words and phrase1. achievement n something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing:. An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for

3、one so young.2. triumph n being successful or victorious成功,胜禾shouts of triumphgreat achievement or success成功one of the triumphs of modern sciencev. (over sb/sth) be successful or victorious triumph over one's difficulties战胜困难.3. pledge v sth (to sb/sth) (fml ) promise solemnly to give (support,e

4、tc); give (one's word, honour, etc) as a pledge保证给予(支持等)；以(誓言、名誉等)作担保： pledge loyalty to the king 发誓效忠国王be pledged to keeping a secret誓守秘密. sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc 保证某人自 己做某事或支持某事业等The Government has pledged itself to send ai

5、d to the famine victims.政府已承诺赈济饥民.Tn leave （sth） with sb as a pledgeHe's pledged his mother's wedding ring.典当（某物）Tn （fml ） drink to the health of （sb）; toast （sb）为（某人）的健康祝酒；向（某人）祝酒：pledge the bride（新娘） and bridegroom （新郎）4. rewarding adj giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit值得的;有意义的；有

6、回报的Our journey to the orphanage （ 孤儿院）was a very rewarding experience.Antonym: unrewardingSynonym: satisfying5. as.as possible as + adj / adv +as ; as + adj + n + as尽力做某事的意思We have to run as fast as possible.Can you say it as loudly as possibleI hope you ' ll stay as long as possible.We need as

7、many apples as possible.You must come back as soon as possible.Word formation note: adj suffix -ing1. -ing加在某些transitive verb后，构成adj ,主要用于表示事物的性质或特征, 或某物或某事给人的感觉、情感、印象等。这类词包括 welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising等。例如：a welcoming smile 热情的微笑a charming house

8、on the outskirts of the town在城镇交B外的栋漂亮的房子an alarming increase in housing price房价的惊人增长A surprising number of men stay bachelors.有相当多的男子仍然是单身。2. -ing加在intransitive verb之后，构成adj ,表示某事或某人仍然处于某种状2学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改态。例如：a recurring problem反复出现的问题his aging mother 他那日渐苍老的母亲 He wore his hair in the prevailin

9、g fashion.他的头发理的是当时盛行的发型。Paraphrase1 Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers.Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents ' and

10、teachers ' hard work.2 Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible.3 . In welcoming you to the university, Iam reminded of my own high scho

11、olgraduation and the photograph mymonlook of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mominstructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of mehanding him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中

12、毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍 的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等，”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。Words and phrase1. remind v inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten 提醒:Do I have to remind you yet again3学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改Remind me to answer that letter.sb of sb/sth cause sb

13、to remember or be newly aware of sb/sth使某人回想起或意识到某人某事物:He reminds me of his brother.This song reminds me of France.reminder n sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的东西The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn ' t quite finished.The waiters were clearing the tables, w

14、hich served as a reminder that it was time to leave.2. pose v（a） I, Ipr（for sb） sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照） ：He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath.他得摆好戴着月桂花冠的姿势.*（b） Tn put （sb） in a particular position in order to paint, draw or

15、photograph him 使（某人）摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）： The artist posed his model carefully.那位画家仔细摆好模特儿的姿势.1 （derog 贬）behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装月空作势:Stop posing and tell us what you really think.另装蒜啦,告诉我们你的真实想法吧.pose n1 position in which a person poses or is posed （pose 1b）（为画像或

16、拍照而摆的）姿势，姿态：She adopted an elegant pose.她摆了一个优美的姿势.2 （derog 贬）unnatural or affected way of behaving, intended to impress people 装腔作势的举动 ：His concern for the poor is only a pose.他对穷人的关心只不过是做做样子罢了 .4学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改Paraphrase 1 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school

17、graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2) Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.3 Let meshare with you something that you maynot expect. You will miss your old

18、routines and your parents' reminders to work hard and attain your best.You mayhave cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of

19、 the past.让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀 念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜 极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。Words and phrase1. routine n C, U fixed and regular way of doing things程序； 公事；常规：She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement.do sth as a mat

20、ter of routine按常规办事attrib作定语routine tasks, chores, duties, etc日常工作、 日常事务、例行职责.C set sequence of movements in a dance or some other performance舞蹈等表演的成套动作：go through a dance routine做一套舞蹈动作.routine adj usual; habitual; regular通常的；惯例的；例行的：the routine procedure例行手续 *routine maintenance 定期的保养 * routinely

21、adv.5学习指导参考资料2. attain v Tn succeed in getting (sth); achieveattain a position of power获得权位attain one's goal, objective, ambition, etcattain our target of 50000达至U我们的50000英镑的目标.attainable adj that can be attainedThese objectives are certainly attainable.attainment n U success in reaching达至U;至U达:

22、The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream.她要实现抱负仍是种梦想.C usu pl thing attained, esp skill or knowledge成就; 造t旨：a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者.adj pred (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth. (with sb/sth) (infml 口)I won't be finished for another hour.我还有

23、一个小时才能完事 .Are you finished with my tools yet我的工具你用完了吗She decided she was finished with working for others.她决定不再为别人做事.4. may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilities She might have changed her mind and decided not to come. 5. foundation nU act of founding (an institution, organizatio

24、n, etc) 建立，仓立， 创办: the foundation of the universityC (a) (organization set up to provide) sumsof moneyfor research, charity, etc (为研究、慈善事业等提供的)基金，基金会：You may be able to get support from an arts foundation.C usu pl layer of bricks, concrete, etc forming the solid base of a building underground 地基； 房基

25、； 基础： lay the foundations of a building给建筑物奠基6学习指导参考资料C, U principle, idea or fact on which sth is based; basis(作为某事的)基本原则、思想或事实；基础：lay the foundations of one's career奠定个人事业的基础 *That rumor has no foundation.那谣言没有事实根据.Grammar一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1、Can/may do sth :表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2、Must do sth :表示

26、对现在内容的肯定性的推测。二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型：1、can/may have done sth :表示对过去内容的可能性；2、must have done sth :表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。例：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.He may have got lost.Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.I believe he must have had an acciden

27、t, otherwise he would have arrived ontime.Collocation note:1. do是最常见的表示“做”的动词。.Today I have a lot of work to do.2. do常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用。.do physical exercise/the dishes/one ' s cookingParaphrase1. You will miss your old routines and your parents ' reminders to work hard and attain your b

28、est. (Para. 3)Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your parents ' reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.2. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school,7学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改and your parents mayhave cried tears of joy to be

29、finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para. 3)Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldn' t have to do your laundry any more!Note: Pay attention to the humo

30、r the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents they all cried, butfor different reasons!know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para.3 )Meaning: But you should know that your future can only be attained when it is built on a

31、 solid past.4 For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible

32、interestfrom the arts to science, to community service and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. Iwant to encourage you to makethe most of this unique experience, and

33、to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图 书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团一一从文科社团到理科社 团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特8学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来

34、的丰硕成果。Words and phrase1. unlike adj pred作表语dissimilar; differentThey are so unlike nobody would believe they were sisters.prep different from (sth); not like与(某事物)不同；不像.：Her latest novel is quite unlike her earlier work.2. resource nC usu pl supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person

35、, etcwealth 资源：rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources自然的、矿产的、农业的.资源丰富(fml ) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative才智; 机敏;仓造精神：a man of great resource足智多谋的男子 .3. learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because theyhave read and studied a lot有学问的； 博学的Myadvisor is a very le

36、arned person and she could answer any question I asked.4. caring: a. thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them关心他人的；乐于助人的The school provides a caring environment for students.学校为学生提供了 充满关怀的环境。5. faculty C usually plural a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc:the

37、 faculty of sight视力the mental faculties智力C of/for doing sth a special ability to do a particular thing做某事物的特殊才能：have a great faculty for learning languages有学习语言的才能 .She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people.9学习指导参考资料大学的全体教(AmE) all the teachers of a particular university or college员.facul

38、ty members6. facility n容易学好或做好事物的能力 有（学习）语言的天才 他弹奏钢琴神乎其技.U, sing ability to learn or do things easily have (a) great facility for (learning) languages He plays the piano with surprising facility.facilities pl circumstances, equipment, etc that make it possible, oreasier, to do sth; aids能够或易於做某事的环境、

39、设备等；辅助物：'sports facilities运动设施facilities for study有助学习的设施medical facilities7. community n. sing the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole 社区； 团体； 集体； 社会： work for the good of the community 为集体禾益®务 community service 社会服务工作n. group of people of the samereligio

40、n, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests宗教信仰、种族、职业等方面相同的人构成的集体：the Chinese community in Paris在巴黎的华侨团体a community of monks 僧侣团体.8. get by (on sth) manage to live, survive, etc (using the specified resources); manage; cope (靠某物)勉强维生；设法维持；对付： How does she get by on such a small salaryHe gets

41、by on very little money.9. on: prep.1) eating or drinking a particular type of food or drink in order to stayalive 靠一生存Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish. io学习指导参考资料个人以山洞为住所，靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。2) using a particular type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate靠运行W

42、hy can' t we make a car that runs on water我们为什么不能制造出靠水力行驶的汽车呢10. fascinating adj extremely interesting:The book offers a fascinating glimpse of the lives of the rich and famous.11. pursue v Tn (fml ) follow (sb/sth), esp in order to catch or kill; chase pursue a wild animal, a thief (continue to

43、) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with进行She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further.12. reap v to cut and collect a crop, especially corn, from a fieldSow the wind and, reap the whirlwind (saying )播种的是风

44、，收割的是暴风start sth that seems fairly harmless and have to suffer unforeseen consequences that are serious or disastrous 原无大害的事,彼果去口不堪设想. (fig ) receive (sth) as a result of one's own or others' actions获得reap the reward of years of study从多年研究中获得报偿Paraphrase1. For you, these next four years will

45、 be a time unlike any other. (Para.4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.2. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library,

46、great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. (Para. 11学习指导参考资料v1.0可编辑可修改 4)Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students the many resources available on campus: interesting schoolma

47、tes, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. All these will help makestudents ' campuslife colorful and fulfilling.3. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. (Para.4)Meaning: You will have the freed

48、om to examine and learn about new subjects.4. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. (Para. 4)Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new interests.5. I want to encourage you to make th

49、e most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. (Para. 4)Meaning: I want to encourage you to do all you can to take advantage of this special experience, and to use your energy and passion to benefit from this chance.5 You may feel ov

50、erwhelmed by the wealth of courses available to you. You will not be able to experience them all, but sample them widely! College offers many things to do and to learn, and each of them offers a different way to see the world. If I could give you only one piece of advice about selecting courses, it

51、would be this: Challenge yourself! Don't assume that you know in advance what fields will interest you the most. Take somecourses in fields you've never tried before. Youwill not only emerge as a more broadly educated person, but you will also stand a better chance of discovering an12学习指导参考资

52、料v1.0可编辑可修改unsuspected passion that will help to shape your future. A wonderful example of this is the fashion designer, Vera Wang, whooriginally studied art history. Over time, Wang paired her studies in art history with her love of fashion and turned it into a passion for design, which made her a

53、famous designer around the world.有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！ 不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设 计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻

54、名的设计师。overwhelm v Tn usu passive cover (sth/sb) completely by flowing overor pouring down on it/him(以浇或灌的方式)淹没A great mass of water overwhelmed the village.大水淹没了村庄 .(fig ) be overwhelmed with grief, sorrow, despair, etc 陷入悲哀、 悲痛、 绝望等之中(fig ) Overwhelmed with gratitude感激万分(b) overpower (sb/sth), esp

55、by force of numbers; defeat压倒, 制® (以数量胜)；击败：be overwhelmed by the enemyoverwhelming adj attrib too great to resist or overcome; very great压倒一切的无法抗拒的；巨大的：an overwhelming urge to smoke不可遏止的吸烟冲动an overwhelming victory 极大的胜禾the overwhelming majority of people压倒性多数.wealth n U (possession of a) large

56、 amount of money, property, etc;riches 贝才富 Wealth had not brought them happiness.sing of sth large amount or number of sth; abundance of sth大量, 众多，a book with a wealth of illustrations有大量插图的书a wealth of opportunitywealthy adj (-ier, -iest) richwealthily adv.available adj not usually before noun (of

57、things) that can be used or obtainedYou will be informed when the book becomes available.这本书有货时就通知你.There is no money available for this project.(of people) free to be seen, talked to, etcI'm available in the afternoon.我下午有空.availability n U.sample n 货样；样品；标本a blood sample 血样The survey covers a representative sample of the population这项调查涉及到社会各阶层的人士 .small amount of a product given away free免费分发的/、量试样 ； 赠样：hand out free samples of the perfume送出香水的赠样a sample pack, sachet, etc馈赠的小包、小袋等样品.v try out or examine (sth) by taking a sa