phpUnit学习教程

1、PhPUnit学习教程 一、phpUnit安装1. 为 PHP 的二进制可执行文件建立一个目录 如：C:bin;2. 将 C:bin 附加到 PATH 环境变量中;3. 将php.exe所在目录也加到环境变量中去如 ;D:Webxamppphp ,保证你写的php文件能在各个目录下运行;4.下载 https:/phar.phpunit.de/phpunit-old.phar到 C:binphpunit.phar;5. 安装C:Usersusername> cd C:binC:bin> echo php "%dp0

2、phpunit.phar" %* > phpunit.cmdC:bin> exit6. C:Usersusername> phpunit -version二、简单测试1、初步测试(FirstTest)<?phpclass FirstTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase public function testArray() $array = array(); $this->assertEquals(0, count($array);测试对象都以classTest命名，继承自PHPUnit_Framework_Te

3、stCase，里面的方法名都已testFunction命名， assertEquals断言0等于count($array); 保存文件到F:/Test文件加下，test.php, cmd切到F:/Test下，输入phpunit test.php上面显示用时0秒，内存3M，测试通过，共1个测试，1个断言；如果故意写错，$this->assertEquals(1, count($array)，此时数组是空，断言不成立：可以看到有1处失败，在第七行，testArray函数中断言与结果不匹配，后面也报错了如果有2处测试，一处失败则：<?phpclass FirstTest extends

4、PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase public function testArray() $array = array(); $this->assertEquals(1, count($array);public function testArray2() $array = array(); $this->assertEquals(0, count($array);可以看出共2个测试，2个断言，第一处断言失败，而且第一处失败并没有导致第二处测试受影响。2、依赖测试1（参数依赖）class SecondTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_

5、TestCase public function testIsEmpty() $array = array(); $this->assertEmpty($array); return $array; /* * depends testIsEmpty */ public function testAdd(array $array) array_push($array, 'phpunit'); $this->assertEquals('phpunit', $array count($array)-1); $this->assertNotEmpty(

6、$array);depends testEmpty定义testPush依赖于TestEmpty，testPush依赖于TestEmpty的输出结果当参数传入结果显示2个测试方法，共3个断言，且都成立假如第一个函数返回的数组不为空，<?phpclass SecondTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase public function testIsEmpty() $array = array();$array = 'not empty' $this->assertEmpty($array); return $array; /*

7、* depends testIsEmpty */ public function testAdd(array $array) array_push($array, 'phpunit'); $this->assertEquals('phpunit', $array count($array)-1); $this->assertNotEmpty($array);结果为1测试1断言，1断言失败，跳过1个测试3、依赖测试2（逻辑依赖）<?phpclass ThirdTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase publ

8、ic function testOne() $this->assertTrue(FALSE); /* * depends testOne */ public function testTwo() public function testThree()$array = array();$this->assertNotEmpty($array); /* * depends testThree */ public function testFour() depends testOne定义testTwo依赖于TestOne函数的断言结果，如果断言失败，testTwo不执行depends t

9、estThree定义testFour依赖于testThree函数的断言结果，如果断言失败，testFour不执行4、测试方法传参(数据提供者)方法<?phpclass FourthTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase /* * dataProvider additionProvider */ public function testAdd($a, $b, $expected) $this->assertEquals($expected, $a + $b); public function additionProvider() return

10、array( array(0, 0, 0), array(0, 1, 1), array(1, 0, 1), array(1, 1, 3) ); dataProvider表明为testAdd方法提供参数的方法是additionProvider, 需要返回的2维数组,第二维数组值的位置,对应测试方法参数的位置,参数个数和数组长度要相等。可以看出共测试了4遍，3遍正确，最后一遍失败三、phpunit断言详解1.断言数组含有某键assertArrayHasKey()public function testArrayHasKey() $this->assertArrayHasKey('f

11、oo', array('bar' => 'baz'),'this array not exit the key');2.断言某个对象含有某属性assertClassHasAttribute()class Apublic $aa;class AssertTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testClassHasAttribute() $this->assertClassHasAttribute('aa', 'A'); 3.

12、 断言某个对象含有某静态属性assertClassHasStaticAttribute()public function testClassHasStaticAttribute() $this->assertClassHasStaticAttribute('foo', 'stdClass');4. 断言某个数组或者字符串包含某个值或子字符串assertContains()public function testContains() $this->assertContains(4, array(1, 2, 4); public function tes

13、tContains() $this->assertContains('aa','aab'); 以上2个结果都为真5.断言元素数量assertCount()public function testCount() $this->assertCount(0, array('foo');6.断言某个值为空assertEmpty()public function testEmpty() $this->assertEmpty(array();7.断言2个值相等（可用于数字，字符串，数组，对象,XML文档）assertEquals()publ

14、ic function testEquals() $this->assertEquals(1, 0);public function testEquals() $this->assertEquals(array('a', 'b', 'c'), array('a', 'b', 'c'); public function testEquals() $expected = new stdClass; $expected->foo = 'foo' $expected->

15、;bar = 'bar' $actual = new stdClass; $actual->foo = 'foo' $actual->bars = 'bar' $this->assertEquals($expected, $actual); 8.断言为假assertFalse()public function testFalse() $this->assertFalse(TRUE); 9.断言文件存在assertFileExists()public function testFileExists() $this->a

16、ssertFileExists('/path/to/file'); 10.断言实际值大于期望值(第二个值大于第一个值) assertGreaterThan()public function testGreaterThan() $this->assertGreaterThan(2, 3); 11. 断言实际值大于或等于期望值assertGreaterThanOrEqual()public function testGreaterThanOrEqual() $this->assertGreaterThanOrEqual(2, 3);12.断言实际值小于期望值assert

17、LessThan()public function testLessThan() $this->assertLessThan(3, 2); 13.断言实际值小于或等于期望值 assertLessThanOrEqual()public function testFailure() $this->assertLessThanOrEqual(1, 1); 14. 断言结果是某种类型 assertInternalType()public function testInternalType() $this->assertInternalType('int', 42);1

18、5.断言值为null assertNull() 空字符串也不成立public function testNull() $this->assertNull(null); 16.断言某个实例存在某属性 assertObjectHasAttribute()class Apublic $aa;class AssertTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testObjectHasAttribute() $this->assertObjectHasAttribute('aa', new A);17.实际值

19、匹配预期正则表达式 assertRegExp() public function testFailure() $this->assertRegExp('/d+/', '1256899'); 18.断言2个值全等assertSame()public function testFailure() $this->assertSame('2204', 2204);19.断言为真 assertTrue()public function testTrue() $this->assertTrue(true); 四、参数详解1.日志打印:例如:

20、test.php<?phpclass ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testCount() $this->assertCount(1, array('foo');public function testCount2() $this->assertCount(0, array();想要打印json格式的日志phpunit -log-json F:json_log.txt test.php"event":"suiteStart",&q

21、uot;suite":"ParamsTest","tests":2"event":"testStart","suite":"ParamsTest","test":"ParamsTest:testCount""event":"test","suite":"ParamsTest","test":"ParamsTest:te

22、stCount","status":"pass","time":0.00054311752319336,"trace":,"message":"","output":"""event":"testStart","suite":"ParamsTest","test":"ParamsTest:testCount2"

23、;"event":"test","suite":"ParamsTest","test":"ParamsTest:testCount2","status":"pass","time":0.00032281875610352,"trace":,"message":"","output":""想要打印xml 格式的日志php

24、unit -log-junit F:xml_log.txt test.php<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><testsuites> <testsuite name="ParamsTest" file="F:Testtest.php" tests="2" assertions="2" failures="0" errors="0" time="0.001

25、549"> <testcase name="testCount" class="ParamsTest" file="F:Testtest.php" line="4" assertions="1" time="0.000962"/> <testcase name="testCount2" class="ParamsTest" file="F:Testtest.php" line=&qu

26、ot;8" assertions="1" time="0.000587"/> </testsuite></testsuites>2.过滤器操作(1)flter:例如：<?phpclass ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testA() $this->assertCount(0, array();public function testB() $this->assertCount(1, array('1

27、');public function testC() $this->assertCount(2, array('1','2');我只想要测试testA方法：phpunit -filter 'testA' test.php也可以phpunit -filter 'A' test.php(2).group例如:<?phpclass ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase/*group group1*/public function testA() $this->

28、;assertCount(0, array();/*group group1*/public function testB() $this->assertCount(1, array('1');/*group group1*/public function testC() $this->assertCount(2, array('1','2');/*group group2*/public function testD() $this->assertCount(2, array('1','2');

29、/*group group3*/public function testE() $this->assertCount(2, array('1','2');只测试属于group1分组的方法:phpunit -group group1 test.php可以看到有三处测试3.测试执行参数(1).无断言测试视为风险 -report-useless-tests<?phpclass ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testA() $this->assertCount(

30、0, array();public function testB() $this->assertCount(1, array('1');public function testC() 第三个方法没有断言，被提示风险(2).意外的代码覆盖称为风险  -strict-coverage 需在打印覆盖报告时生效（covers  标注来指明测试方法想要对哪些方法进行测试）例如：<?phpclass Paramspublic function A()echo 'A'public function B()echo 'B'<

31、?phprequire './Params.php'class ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCaseprotected $Params;protected function setUp()$this->Params = new Params();/* * covers Params:A */public function testA() $this->Params->A();$this->Params->B();在打印代码覆盖报告时：(3)意外的输出当做风险 -disallow-test-out

32、putpublic function testA() $this->Params->A();(4)终止代码执行A.首次遇到风险停止执行 -stop-on-risky<?phprequire './Params.php'class ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCaseprotected $Params;protected function setUp()$this->Params = new Params();public function testA() $this->Params->A(

33、);public function testB() $this->assertTrue(true);public function testC() $this->assertFalse(false);遇到风险但不停止执行但是加上参数-stop-on-risky可以看到在第一次遇到风险时便停止运行B. 首次出现失败后停止执行 -stop-on-failure<?phpclass ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testA()$this->assertTrue(false);publi

34、c function testB()$this->assertTrue(true);很明显第一个断言失败；假如不加参数 可以看到2个测试都执行了，第一个失败加上参数 -stop-on-failure 以后：可以看到当第一个测试失败时停止执行。C.首次遇到错误停止执行 -stop-on-error（5）让测试进行多次执行 -repeat 次数class ParamsTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCasepublic function testA()$this->assertTrue(false);public function testB()$

35、this->assertTrue(true);可以看到测试进行了10次(6)输出调试信息 -debug(7)加载配置文件 -configuration, -c（配置文件为phpunit.xml 或 phpunit.xml.dist，若在当前目录，即使不加参数配置文件也会自动加载，关于配置文件，请自行查阅资料）(8) 忽略当前工作目录下的配置文件 -no-configuration4.代码覆盖率(1)首先要开启php中 xdebug扩展，而且必须以zend_extension的方式引入：（2）最后以一个Company类的增删改查实例来说明代码覆盖率并作为本次文

36、档的结束：原Company类：<?phpclass Companypublic $member = array('xiaoming','xiaohong','xiaoli');public function add($name)if($name != '')$this->member = $name;public function del($name)if($name != '' && ($key = array_search($name,$this->member) != fal

37、se)unset($this->member$key);public function edit($name1,$name2)if($name1 != '' && $name2 != '' && ($key = array_search($name1,$this->member) != false)$this->member$key = $name2;public function select()return $this->member;测试类：<?phprequire './Company

38、.php'class CompanyTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCaseprotected $company;protected function setUp()$this->company = new Company();/*dataProvider addProvider*/public function testAdd($name)$this->company->add($name);$this->assertEquals($name,$this->company->membercount($this-

39、>company->member)-1);public function addProvider()return array(array('nameA'),);/*dataProvider delProvider*/public function testDel($name)$this->company->del($name);$this->assertNotContains($name,$this->company->member);public function delProvider()return array(array('xiaoming'),array('xiaoli'),array('xiaohong');/*dataProvider