主谓一致高三复习学案

1、一、主谓一致的三大原则1. 语法一致原则:(1 单数/ 不可数名词+V单三(2 复数名词+V复2. 意义一致原则(1 形复意单+V单三e.g.(2 形单意复+V复e.g.3.主谓邻近原则:or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接并列主语时二、主谓一致的具体运用:1.名词作主语(1集体名词第一类: family, team, audience, population, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, staf

2、f, jury, faculty强调整体+V单三强调成员+V复e.g. The population in China _(be very large, and eighty percent of the population inChina_(be farmers.第二类: people, police, cattle, militia + V复c.f. people表示“民族”时有单复数变化e.g. The Chinese _(be a polite people.There _(be many peoples in the world.(2 单复同形的名词: 意义决定动词A sheep

3、_(be over there.The sheep _(disappearone after another since last week. Every means _. (tryAll possible means _. (adopt(3 整体看待的度量/距离/金额/时间/书名+V单三e.g. Ten pounds _(be not so heavy.Twenty miles _(be a long way to walk.The Selected Poems of Li Bai _(be published long ago.(4 复数形式出现的名词(trousers, glasses,

4、 shoes+ V复c.f. a pair of / a kind of / a series of +名词+V单三e.g. My shoes are under the bed.A pair of shoes _(be under the bed.(5 注意kind的表达中主谓一致的判断e.g. This kind of men _(be dangerous.Men of this kind _(be dangerous.(6 all / most / half / rest + of + n. +V(取决于名词e.g. All of my classmates _(work hard.Al

5、l of the water _(be gone.(7 The Chinese / English +V复e.g. The Chinese _(be hardworking.(8 倒装句中谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致地点状语位于句首:e.g. In the distance _(be a boat.such 作表语位于句首:e.g. Such _(be Einstein.Such _(be the viewpoints of the teachers.(9 以-ics 结尾的学科名词常用作单数.e.g. mathematics, physics, economics(10 某些以-s结尾指单一

6、事物的专有名词常用作单数.e .g. the United States, the United Nations2. 并列名词作主语:(1 each/every/no+n.(sing+and+each/every/no+n.(sing + V单三e.g. Every hour and every minute _(be important.(2 A and B / Both A and B +V复c.f. 并列主语如果指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念+V单三特征:and 后面没有冠词(见papere.g. The manager and secretary _(present at the me

7、eting.Bread and butter _(be her favourite breakfast.All work and no play _(make Jack a dull boy.此类表达:war and peace, law and order(治安, time and tide, truth and honesty,a knife and fork, a watch and chain, a cup and saucer, a needle and thread, a cart and horse,egg and rice, salt and water, whisky and

8、 soda(3 主语后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, together with, like, ratherthan, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的短语, 动词取决于前面的主语.e.g. The principal together with the teachers _(be going to attend a meeting.You, rather than he, _(responsiblefor it.(4 or, eithero

9、r, neithernor, not onlybut also 遵循主谓邻近原则3. 名词化的形容词作主语:the + adj. / 分词+V复此类表达有:the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the dying, the dead, the living, the wise, the weak, the strong, the brave, the injured, the wounded, the oppressed, the aged, the learned, the unemplo

10、yedc.f. the + adj. 表示不可数的事物或概念+V 单三此类表达有: the worst, the latest, the unknown, the true, the good, the beautiful, the false, the ugly, the evile.g. The beautiful _(be the ideal of life.3. 代词作主语:(1 either, neither 单独作主语时用单三的谓语动词(2 all 表示人时=all people, + V复e.g. All _(be present.all 表示所有的一切= everything

11、+V 单三e.g. Now all _(be changed.(3 every, some, any, no与one, -body, -thing 构成复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语用单三4. 数量词出现在主语中:(1 分数/ 百分数+of +n. +V(取决于名词e.g. Three fourths of the workers here _(be women.Three fourths of the earths surface _(be covered with water.(2 a lot of/lots of/plenty of/ a large quantity of/a heap

12、of/ heaps of+n. + V (取决于名词(3 a large quantity of +n. U,C +V(取决于名词a great deal of / a large amount of + n. U +V单三c.f. large quantities of + n. C, U +V复large amounts of + n. U+ V复e.g. Quantities of food _(be on the table.Large amounts of money _(spend on the bridge.(3 a number of + n.(pl. +V复the numbe

13、r of +n. (pl. +V单三e.g. Only a small number of people _(present at the meeting.The number of people present at the meeting _(be small.(4 more than one / Many a +n. (sing. +V单三e.g. More than one student _(see the film.Many a student _(like popular songs.c.f. More + n.( pl.+than one+V复e.g. More members

14、 than one _(be against your plan.(5 One and a half + n.(pl. +V单三e.g. One and a half apples _(is left on the table.(6 不可数名词前面如有表示数量的复数名词,后常跟复数谓语.e.g. There _(be about thirteen pints of blood in a mans body.Three million tons of coal _(be exported that year.5. 从句作主语(1 定语从句的谓语动词于先行词保持一致c.f. one of + n.(pl. +V复the (only o