5种简单句及句子种类（课堂PPT）

1、1一一 Five Types of Simple SentencesFive Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种类型简单句的五种类型2十大词类十大词类(Parts of Speech)(Parts of Speech) 英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词词、连词、数词、感叹词。3词词类类英语英语名称名称 意义意义实实义义词词n.表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称表示人、事物、地点或抽象概

2、念的名称v.表示动作或状态，分为五类：表示动作或状态，分为五类：及物动词及物动词(vt.)、不及物不及物动词动词(vi.)、系动词、助动词和情态动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词pron. 代替名词，数词等代替名词，数词等num.表示数量或顺序，分为基数词和序数词表示数量或顺序，分为基数词和序数词adv.修饰修饰动词，形容词或其它副词或句子动词，形容词或其它副词或句子adj.用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的属性或特征等用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的属性或特征等虚虚词词art.限制名词的意义，有不定冠词限制名词的意义，有不定冠词 (a,an)，定冠词，定冠词 (the)prep.表示名词、代词等与句中其他

3、词的关系表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系conj.用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子interj.表示说话人情感或口气表示说话人情感或口气4需要弄清楚的几个概念：需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词、及物动词(vt.)(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book.2 2、不及物动词、不及物动词(vi.)(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。 eg. Birds fly. He works in the fa

4、ctory. 3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词如形容词, ,名词名词 等等)连用连用, ,构成谓语。如：构成谓语。如：be (是是) ), look(看起来像看起来像) ), become (成为成为, ,变得变得) )等。等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science. 5句子成分句子成分(Elements of the Sentence)(Elements of the S

5、entence) 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，等，其中其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。6Five Types of Simple SentencesFive Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型7Five Types of Simple Sentences:1. 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词2. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语3. 主语主

6、语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语4. 主语主语 + 动词动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语5. 主语主语 + 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补Subject + Intransitive VerbSubject + Transitive Verb + ObjectSubject + Link Verb + Predictive Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct ObjectSubject + Verb + Object + Complement8划分句子成分划分句子成分: My sister is a nurse. They

7、 are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We keep the table clean._ S _V_ P_ S_ V_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_ S_ V_ IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C97. They work hard.8. The flower is dead.9. Plants need water.10. He gives me some seeds.11. We should keep the plants in the

8、shade.12. Many animals live in trees._ S_ V_ S_V_ P_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C_ S_ V10 They work hard. The flower is dead. Plants need water. He gives me some seeds. We should keep the plants in the shade. Many animals live in trees. S + VS + V + PS + V + O S + V + IO + DOS + V + O+ CS + V 11

9、 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。二 并列句(compound sentence):12 I turned on the TV. I watched it. I turned on the TV and watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句13常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions 平行并列连词平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：

10、转折并列连词： 因果并列连词因果并列连词: 选择并列连词选择并列连词:and,bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror14请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed. He was tired, so he went to bed.15He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it. Mary is opening the doo

11、r.John is greeting her guests.Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.16复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.三 复合句17By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句18在复合句中，主要包含以下类型在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句从句：1.定语从句（形容词性从句）2. 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句3. 状语从句（副词性从句）19指出下列各从句的类型：vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vI hope that everything is all right.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.状语从句宾语从句定语从句20vIll give the letter to him when I see him. vHe didnt come yesterday because he was ill. vIt is such a big box tha