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1、透析中考英语语法代词、it用法考点【代词命题趋势】代词是用来代替名词的词。它是英语语法结构中的一个重要项目,也是中考测试的重点内容之一。纵观历年中考试题,出现频率最高的是不定代词,其次是it用法、疑问代词、反身代词以及人称代词等。1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;4 常见不定代词的一般用法;5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;6. 相互代词的基本用法;7. 疑问代词的基本用法。8. 关系代词的基本用法。【考点诠释】一、考查人称代词的用法人称代词分主格和宾格两种,在句
2、中作主语用主格;作宾语或表语用宾格。 【考例】一Who is the boy over there? 一_is my brother北京市AHe B His C Him DHimselfLook! Whats the postman giving Mrs Chen?一Hes giving _a letter沈阳市A it B him Cme Dher。二、考查物主代词的用法1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能做定语,不能单独担任句子的某一成分;而名词性物主代词可单独做主语、宾语或表语,它相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。 【考例】 -My pen is lost.-Dont
3、worry about it. You can use_.吉林省A. my B. mine C. me D. myself-Is this your e-dictionary?-No. _ is in the schoolbag. 安徽省A. His B. Yours C. Hers D. Mine13- -You look so happy. What happened?- I have got an A in _P.E. test. 陕西省A. your B. her C. his D. my三、考查反身代词的用法 表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,她、它、他(们)自己”的代词叫反身代词。
4、单数myselfyourselfHimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesThemselves反身代词主要用来表示动作回到执行者本身或加强所修饰名词、代词的语气。有人称和数的变化。在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。 【考例】What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? I made it by_.(年福建福州)A. me B. himself C. myself D. itselfWhat a lovely card! Where did you buy it?一I made it by_.成都Ame B. himse
5、lfCmyself Ditself四、考查指示代词的用法在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语;并且this和these指较近的人或物;that和those指较远的人或物。五、考查不定代词的用法1)one,ones,that,those的区别及用法ww.zk53u.ecom 指代前面所提到的名词,以避免重复。one表示“泛指”,指代单数可数名词;ones表示“泛指”,指代复数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或有后置定语的可数名词单数;those指代有后置定语的可数名词复数。 【考例】There is enough food for the birds,isnt_?一NoWe need to get
6、some武汉Ait Bthere Cthat Dthis2)考查other,the other,anotherothers, the others,the rest的用法及区别another泛指三者以上的“另一个”,the other表示“两者当中的另一个”,other表示“其他的”,others指“别的一些人或物”,the others表示“其余所有的人或物”。指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other
7、+复数名词”;the others相当于“theother+复数名词”。another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few修饰时,则可接复数名词。the rest表示“剩余部分;其余”,指代可数名词或不可数名词。【考例】-Harbin is really a beautiful city and therere many places of interest.-So it is Why not stay here for _two days? 哈尔滨市A. other B. others C. anotherWe had a Dicaic 1ast term and
8、it was a lot of funso lets have _one this month苏州Athe other BsomeCanother DotherWhat a hot day! Have you had a drink?YesBut Id like to have _after work 江西Ait Bone Cother DanotherIn my class some students love music,are fond of drawing and _enjoy reading 南通Asome;the otherBothers;the otherCothers;the
9、othersDsome;others3)考查all, both,either,neither,none的用法及区别both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。表示“两者都”用both,“两者都不”用neither“两者中任意一个”强调个体,用either。all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单复数皆可。both,all,none作主语同位语时,通常放
10、在行为动词前面,be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。【考例】Which of the twin sisters is a doctor? 一_are福州市A All B Both C Either DNeither8.-Which do you prefer, bananas or oranges?-_. I enjoy eating apples. 广东省A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All9Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in the countryside because
11、_of her parents work in the city. 成都市A. both B. either C. neither4)no one、none no one只用于指人,而表示“若有一定的范围,且指明了没有何人或何物时”,应用none,它既可指人也可指物用“none of,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。【考例】Got any information about High School Examination?一Well,I was trying to,but found_.武汉Aone Bno oneCnone Dsome5)somean
12、ynoevery +thingonebodysome类的词用于肯定句,any类的词用于否定和疑问句。【考例】Look! There are _pictures on the wall. 北京市A any B some C much Dboth3Walt,we have few vegetables for dinnerCould you go and buy_?一Yes,sure. But I dont have _money黄冈市A any;any B some;any C any;some Dsome; some14Money is important in my life. But it
13、 isnt _to me. 陕西省A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything15-Wow, so many new houses! I cant believe that. It used to be a poor village. -Yes._ has changed here. 河南省A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything6)little和a little;few和a few little和a little修饰不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词用单数;few和a few修饰可数名词
14、,做主语时谓语动词用复数。【考例】We need some more coffee. There is only _left沈阳市A little B a little C few Da few答案B 。解析 coffee是不可数名词,不能用few、a few修饰,故排除c、D;从句中only判定,不能用little,因为little表否定,故选B。一You look sadKateYeah,I have made _mistakes in my report 武汉Aa little B1ittleCa few Dfew38答案:C解析:由上下句意表明此处为“在报告中我犯了好几个错误”,是肯定
15、的,故排除B、D项,mistakes是可数名词复数形式,故选C。The reporters asked the man _questions,but he said _words成都Amany;few Bmuch;a littleCa lot of; a few答案:A解析:第一空只能选A或C。many与a lot of修饰可数名词复数questions。由题意“但他没有说一句话”故选few。Can you tell me how to keep healthy?You should eat _fast food vegetables and take enough exercise咸宁Afe
16、wer;more Bfewer; 1essCless;fewer Dless:more 答案:D解析:food是不可数名词,不能用few修饰,故排除 A、B。句意为:你应该少吃快餐,多吃蔬菜,并做足够的锻炼。表示“多”用more而不能用fewer,故选D。六、疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句,其中what,which,whose兼有形容词特征,可以和名词连用。ww.zk53u.ecom which和what两者均可与名词连用。就人或物提问。但which一般用于有一定范围的情况,what用于无范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。七、it的用法考查在英语中,It的使用相当广泛。它既可用作代词(如:人称代词、
17、指示代词和非人称代词),也可用作引导词(做形式主语、形式宾语及构成强调句型)。 一、考查it表示上文提过的事物或心目中的人或物的用法。 上文提过的事物(单数)或事情时,常用it来代替;指代心目中的人或物时也常用it来代替。 【考例】-_ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess. -It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now. (年湖北宜昌) A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. What- A l
18、atest English newspaper, please!-Only one copy left. Would you like to have_ , sir? (徐州)A. it B. one C. this D. that试题解析:it用于指代前面提到过的名词,可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。三、考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。 it作形式主语或形式宾语时,可指代动名词、动词不定式、主语从句或宾语从句。此时, it自身无词义,位于句子主语或宾语的位置,而真正作主语或宾语的动名词、动词不定式或从句则置于句子的后面。 注意: 考查it作形式主语或形式宾语常与that,this, as等一
19、起考查。that, this, as等均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。 【考例】My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car. (苏州) A. it B. this C. the D. what 答案:A命题立意:本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。试题解析:it 作指代词,用作形式宾语。六、it/that/one用法区别(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物;that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数
20、名词,相当于the单数/不可数名词)【考例】一Two Evening Papers,please!0nly one copy leftWould you like to have_,sir? 盐城Aone Bit Cthis DthatWheres my watch?SorryI dont knowMaybe you put_on the table浙江台州 Ait Bher Chim Dthem. I cant find the pen I was given. Have you seen _? 徐州A. it B. one C. this D. that【语法回顾】ww.zk53u.eco
21、m代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一. 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如: I like table tennis. 我喜欢乒乓球。(作主语)Do you know him? 你认识他吗?(作宾语)3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:-Who is knocking at the door? 是谁在敲门?-Its me.是我。4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都
22、可以。如:He is older than me.他比我大。He is older than I am. 他比我大。二. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如: Our teacher is coming to see us.我们的老师将来看我们。 This is her pencil-box.这是她的铅笔盒。3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.我们的学校在这
23、儿,他们的在那儿。(作主语) - Is this English-book yours? 这是你的英语书吗?(作表语) - No. Mine is in my bag.不是,我的在书包里。 Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? 我已经做完家庭作业。你做完了吗? (作宾语)三. 指示代词 指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如: This is a pen and that
24、is a pencil这是一支钢笔而那是一支铅笔。 We are very busy these days我们这些天很忙。 In those days the workers had a hard time在那些日子里,工人们过的很艰难。2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了。那就是我为什么没来。What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning Eng
25、lish我想要说的就是这个,发音在学英语中很重要。3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?你好!我是玛利。你是杰克吗?四. 反身代词ww.zk53u.ecom 英语中用来表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己等意义的代词称为
26、反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。 2. 作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soon没关系,我一会就会好的。The girl in the news is myself 新闻中的姑娘是我自己。3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。The
27、 thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。I myself washed the clothes(=I washed the clothes myself.)我亲自洗衣服。(作主语同位语)You should ask the teacher himself你应该问老师本人。(作宾语同位语)五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:1. some与any的区别1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。Look
28、! Some of the students are cleaning the library.看!一些学生正在打扫图书馆。 Some rice in the bag has been sold out.在袋子里的一些大米已经卖掉。2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。If you have any questions, please ask me.如果你有任何问题,请问我吧!There isnt any orange in the bottle.瓶子里没有橘汁。Have you got any tea?你
29、还要茶吗?3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?你能看见在图片里有多少人?I cant see any.我没有看见任何人。If you have no money, Ill lend you some.如果你没有钱,我借给你一些。注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法
30、相同。注意:some用在肯定疑问句中 。 说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别1)用作形容词: 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少,但有几个few不多,几乎没有用于不可数名词a little,虽少,但有一点little不多,没有什么 Im going to buy a few apples.我去买些苹果。 He can speak only a little C
31、hinese.他仅能讲一点汉语。 There is only a little milk in the glass.杯子里仅有一点牛奶。 He has few friends.他没有朋友。 They had little money with them.他们身上没有带钱。 2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. 我有点饿。(修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster
32、, please.玛丽,请稍微走快一点。 (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.昨天晚上她没有睡觉。3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定Another另一个others别人,其他人another (boy)另一个(男孩)other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复
33、数名词,意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books?他的其他书在哪里? I havent any other books except this one.除这本书,我没有别的书了。 2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.他有两个弟弟,一个是10岁,另一个是5岁。 She held a ruler
34、in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.她一只手拿着尺子,另一只手拿着一本练习册。 3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.一些去看电影了,另外的去游泳了。 This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.这件大衣太大,请给我拿另外的。 4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”
35、。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.在我们班只有汤姆是英国人,其他的是中国人。5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?你能看见海上另一只船,不是吗? Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would y
36、ou please show her another one?玛利不想买这条裙子,请再给她拿一条好吗? 6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.吃完蛋糕我还饿,请在给我一个。4. every与each的区别。EachEvery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”,毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 The teacher gave a toy to
37、each child.老师给每个孩子一个玩具。 Each ball has a different colour. 每个球有一个不同的颜色。 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.每一个学生都喜欢英语老师。Every child
38、 likes playing. = All children like playing.每一个孩子都喜欢玩。5. all和both的用法。1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语) = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语) All the water has been used up. 所有的水都用完了。(作主语) Thats all for today.这一切都是为今天。 (作表语) Why not eat all (
39、of) the fish? 为什么不吃所有的鱼呢? (作宾语) All the leaders are here.所有的领导都在这儿。 (作定语) 2)both作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us.露西和李莉两个都同意我们的意见。 They both passed on their sticks at the same time.他们俩同时传出接力棒。 How are your parents? 你的父母怎么样?Theyre both fine.他们都很好。 与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。 Bo
40、th of them came to see Mary.他们俩都来看过玛利。 Both of the books are very interesting.两本书都很有趣。 单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. Michael有两个儿子,两个都聪明。 I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both.我不知道哪一本书好,我两本都看。 3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are ou
41、r classmates.他的两个妹妹都是我们的同学。 . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.街道两边都有高树。六. 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语) Do you often write to each other
42、 / one another? 你们经常相互写信吗?(作宾语) The students borrowed each others notes. 学生们互借笔记。 (作定语) The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework. 学生们互相纠正的错误。(作定语)七. 疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:Who is going to come here tomorrow? 明天谁来这
43、儿?(作主语)What is that? 这是什么? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞? (作定语)Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁? (作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:I hate people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多,做得少的人。Im looking at the ph
44、otograph which you sent me with your letter.我正在看你信中的那张照片。With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.用他所存的钱,他继续他的学业。Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?你认识采访我们校长的那位女士吗?II、It的用法1)( 指心目中或上下文中的人或物)这;那;它。例如:Its a part-time job, so I only work evenings.这是一件零活,我只是在晚上做
45、。2)(指无生命的或性别不详的或性别无关紧要的小孩或动物)它。例如:What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?多漂亮的婴孩! 是个男孩吗?3)(指成为问题或话题的对象的人或物)那个;这个。例如:“Whats that?” “Its a book(a colour television).”那是什么?那是一本书(一台彩色电视机)“Who is on the phone?”“Its Mary.”谁的电话?是玛丽的。4)用作主语表示时间、天气、气温、距离等一般不译出。例如:Its Monday, the 1st of May.今天是五月一日,星期一。It is about
46、 a mile to the station.距离车站大约一英里。5)指不清楚的情况等不译出。例如:Whos it speaking? I dont recognize your voice.你是谁呀?我听不出你的声音来。6)it用作引导词一、Its time for sb. to do sth. / Its time for sth.意为是(某人)该干的时间了、到的时候了。例如: Its time for supper to have supper.该吃晚饭了。Its time for us to go to school我们该去上学去了。二、It takes(sb.)some time t
47、o do sth.意为(某人)花时间做某事。例如: It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike. 骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。 It took me a week to finish reading the book. 我花了一周时间读完这本书。 三、It is ones turn to do sth.意为轮到某人做某事了。例如: Its your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了。 四、It is has been 时间段since 一般过去时,意为自从以来已过了(时间)。 例如: It is
48、/ has been four days since I caught a cold. 我感冒已四天了。 It is / has been two weeks since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。 五、It seems seemed that从句,意为看起来好像。例如: It seemed that our team was going to win. 我们队看起来好像要赢了。 六、Its表语to do sth.。例如:Its a good idea to go out for a walk. 出去散步是个好主意。七、Its adj.that从句。例如: It
49、s true that I may fall behind the other students.我真可能落在别的学生后面。 八、 Itsadj.of(for)sb.to do sth.。对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for,主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的,如 kind,good,nice,clever等用of;如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for,这类形容词常见的有difficult,easy,hard, important,dangerous等。例如: It is nice of you to come to see me.你能来看我真好。 It is
50、dangerous for children to play with fire.对小孩儿来说玩火是危险的。【语法过关】1.When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed _ and got some first-hand information. A. heB. himC. hisD. himself2. camera is not so expensive as ,but it works well, too. A, My; his B. Mine; him C. My; him D. Mine; his3.
51、- Tom, Mary cant sharpen the pencil. Can you give a hand? - Certainly. A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself 4.-Carl, why not go and help your sister water the flowers there? -Why _? Im busy myself. Jack is lying on the grass doing nothing. A. me B. I C. him D. he5.Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. _ of them have set a good example to us. A. All B. NeitherC. BothD. None6.How many of these books have you read? -_ of them. Ever
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