定语从句高一资料

1、克拉玛依高级中学高一备课组资料 定语从句 2010.10定语从句专题定语的概念：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the firs

2、t to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）定语从句的概念：当以一个句子来充当定语成分时，我们称之为定语从句。定语从句的基本用法：（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，

3、起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点

4、，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定

5、语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂

6、林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room

7、in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to a

8、ll, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a

9、long speech, which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill

10、 tomorrow.3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man

11、whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.解答定语从句中的方法技巧：选择引导定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。巧用以下口决，可化难为易。一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用，四看否属特殊。方法一：“一看指人还是物”指人时用who（作主语）、who

12、m(作宾语)和whose(作定语，既指人又指物)；that既可指人又可指物，但在当代英语中多指物；which只能指物，that与which在句中作主语或宾语；在非正式文体中，作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。如：In the beginning, people who bought them often got angry. (who指人，修饰先行词people,作从句的主语。)刚开始，买的人经常会生气。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.(which指物，修饰先行词plant,作从句的主语，此处wh

13、ich可换为that。)他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要大量水的作物。Ive bought a new dictionary whose cover is blue.（这里whose指物，在从句中作定语。）我买了一本封皮是蓝色的字典。难点：（1）whose既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”，指物时不可想当然误用which,但可使用“the+n.+of which”的表达方法，也可用“of which +n”的表达方式。例句：Ive bought a new dictionary, the cover of which is blue.Ive bouth a new dictionary of wh

14、ich the cover is blue.(2)在非正式文体中，当引导词who位于从句句首时，可替换whom作宾语。如：Do you know the boy who/whom we talked to just now?方法二：“二看介词在何处”当介词置于从句之首时，若指人，介词之后只能用whom而不能用who或that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。试比较以下两组句子：1Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?(此处介词with之后的whom不可替换为who或that,也不能省略。)D

15、o you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?(此句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语，可换为who或that,也不能省略。)难点：（1）当who, whom, which, that等引导词在从句中作宾语而省略时，从句中不能再加宾语。如：This is the pen she bought it yesterday.(此处的it应去悼，因为作宾语的which或that已省略。)（2）两个以上的简单句组成一个句子时，必须用关联词来连接两个句子，而不能用代词。如：This is our monitor, wit

16、hout him, we couldnt win the game.(此句中的人称代词him必须改为引导词whom。)Can you see the tall building, in front of it there a large play ground?(此句中的代词it 必须改为引导词which。)方法三：“三看句中作何用”如何选用定语从句中的引导词，关键是要看引导词在从句中作什么成分。若作主语，则在who, that或which之中选择；若作定语，则用whose;若作状语，则在when,where,why之中选择。试比较：1. Have you ever been to the p

17、lace which/that we visted last year你去过我们去年参观的那个地方吗?Have you ever been to the place where we worked last year?你去过我们去年工作的那个地方吗？以上第一句中的引导词which/that作及物动词visited的宾语，可省略，不可换用where;第二句中的引导词where作不及物动词worked的状语，不可换用which或that,但可用in which来替换。2.Do you still remember the day which/that we spent together?你还记得我

18、们一起度过的那一天吗？Do you still remember the day when we stayed together?你还记得我们呆在一起的那一天吗？以上第一句中的引导词which/that作及物动词spent的宾语，可省略，不可用when替换；而第二句的when作不及物动词stayed的状语，不可换用which或that,但可用on which来替换。难点：要把握句子结构，正确分析句子成分，切不可见到表示时间的名词就用when,见到表示地点的句词变用where。方法四:“四看是否属特殊”定语从句引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who 与that均可指人,which和that都

19、可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。如：This is the first time that Ive been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.这是我第一次去博物馆，我盼了好多年了。当先行词被序数词修饰时，引导词只用that而不能用which；在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which而不能用that,故此句中的that与which不能互换。which is the book that you want to borrow?你想借那一本书？当先行词是which时，引导词用th

20、at.另外一种常考的点是way和reason引导的定语从句。如：I dislike the way in which/that/ he talks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他母亲说话的方式此句中way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用in which that 或者省略定语从句专练：练习题 1.1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where2._is known to everybody

21、, the moon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What3.Aften living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.This is the hotel _ last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.w

22、here they stayed5.Do you known the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which6.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 7.I have bought two ballpens, _writes well.A.none of them B.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which 8.Is

23、 _some German friends visited last week?A.this school B.this the schoolC.this school one D.this school where9.This is one of the best films_.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked10.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which yo

24、u talked B.which you talkedC.about that you talked D.that you talked练习题 2.一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . The

25、y dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is

26、quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter

27、is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill t

28、here was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much

29、.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB

30、. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. which

31、D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is s

32、weeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is

33、 talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD.

34、 who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD.

35、all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than

36、I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is p

37、leased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD.

38、 form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an

39、 invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC.

40、 whereD. in that32. - What game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _

41、Mr White lives is not very large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound afte

42、r a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC. for thatD. of which42. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt w