模拟试题四(附答案版)

1、模拟试题四PART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A、B、C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. 题 82&

2、#160;- 84 Does childhood have a history? At the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries William Worthworth wrote of childhood and youth as a uniquely privileged time of innocence and insight-" Heaven lies about us in our infancy," a paradisal state from which growing up was a

3、progressive exile and disenchantment-" Shades of the prison-house begin to close upon the growing boy." After Freud we cannot quite subscribe to so idealized an understanding of the dreaming innocence of youth. Nevertheless the distinctiveness of childhood as a state utterly different from

4、 adulthood is deeply ingrained in our culture, and enclosed in icons of childhood as different as Peter Pan and Huckleberry Finn. Childhood did have a history, but it was a short and comparatively recent one, for the very concept of childhood was a product of modern thought. Before the seventeenth c

5、entury, though children existed, childhood did not. Medieval children lived in the margins of adult life, with little or no distinctive cultural identity of their own. Their clothes were miniaturized versions of adult wear, they had no special culture of play, no children's literature, there was

6、 no Worthworthian idealization of the innocence or carelessness of childhood. The reasons for this absence were complex. Many children died young, and so the bonds of affection between parents and children were of necessity looser than those in the modern West, where most children can be relied on t

7、o survive into adulthood. The consequent culture of detachment manifested itself from the very beginning of infancy, for every woman who could afford it sent her infant children to wet nurses to be breast-fed, thereby depriving them, and herself, of one of the most intimate bonding experiences betwe

8、en mother and child. For most people the home was also the workplace, not the centre of the loving affective family, but a structure for toil, in which the immature adults we call children were part of the workforce. The children of the poor worked as soon as they were able to pick stones, glean cor

9、n, scare crows, or drive a flock of geese; the children of artisans were apprenticed and went to live with their masters long before puberty; the children of the well-to-do were sent away to school, or to other households to be fostered. And because there was little or no privacy within the pre-mode

10、rn house, relationships were more public and less intimate than we are accustomed to, a situation in which individuality and affection could scarcely flourish.82.The author quotes Worthworth's poem in order to _. Aindicate the bonds of affection between children and parents Bsupport Fr

11、eud's idea Cprove the innocence of children Dreveal the childhood of different ages参考答案 C  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，由第一段第二句后半部分“as a uniquely privileged time of innocence and insight”可以推测，作者引用Worthworth的诗来证明童年的纯真，故选项C正确。83.The absence of medieval childho

12、od can be explained by the following reasons EXCEPT _. Adetachment of children from their parents Bchildren's dependence on their parents Cchildren viewed as a workforce Dlittle privacy within the family参考答案 B  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为要点推论题，第三段主要解

13、释了缺少童年的原因，其第三句解释了选项A，第四句解释了选项C，末句解释了选项D，而选项B“孩子对父母的依赖”没有在原文中涉及，故选B。84.The author believes that _. Achildhood is a state with distinctive difference from adulthood Bchildren should have their own cultural identity Cmedieval children were more miserable than modem children DNo dist

14、inction should be made between childhood and adulthood参考答案 A  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题属于推论题，解题线索是文章第一段末句“然而童年时期作为一种独特的状态是与成年完全不同的，这种观念也在我们的文化中根深蒂固”。这说明作者相信童年是与成年有着独特不同点的一个阶段，故选项A为正确答案。 题 85 - 88 American's city dwellers are a mobile people. The dec

15、ennial censuses provide documentation in their redundant accounts of rapid changes and growth in most of our great cities. But statistical evidence is hardly needed. The changes in our cities have occurred so rapidly that the perception of mobility is an integral formed in the intervals between visi

16、ts. The neighbour-hoods of our childhood present alien appearances and the landmarks that anchored our memories have disappeared. How do these dramatic changes in residential areas come about? In part, industry and commerce in their expansion encroach upon land used for residence. But, in larger par

17、t, the changes are mass movements of families-the end results of countless thousands of residence shifts made by urban Americans every year. Compound in the mass, the residence shifts of urban households produce most of the change and flux of urban population structures. Some of the mobility is an e

18、xpression of the growth of our population. Every new family started ordinarily means another household formed. The mobility that occurs is much greater than can be accounted for only by an addition of new households to our population. The high level of mobility implies that established households ar

19、e involved in a large-scale game of "musical chairs" in which housing is exchanged from time to time. Residential shifts often accompany the dissolution of households, although not as consistently as in the case of the formations of new households. A divorce or separation forces at least o

20、ne to move, and often both husband and wife Shift residence. Morality sometimes precipitates a move on the part of the remaining members of the household. But, neither divorce nor morality, when added to new household formation, can account for more than a very small part of the American mobility ra

21、te. Another part of the high residential mobility rate might be traced to changes occurring in the labour force. American workers change jobs frequently and some of the residential mobility might be viewed as consequence of job shifts that do not involve long-distance movements. About three fourths

22、of such shifts do not cross country boundaries and many of them take place within smaller areas. Neither can job shifts account for the overall picture of mobility, much of which is a kind of "milling out" within small areas of the city.85.The phrase "encroach upon" in Paragraph

23、2 most probably means _. A"buy and sell" B"measure and survey" C"invade and occupy" D"rent and share"参考答案 C  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为词汇题，由第二段第二句的前半部分“industry and commerce in their expansion”可以推测，工业和商业的扩张必定会导致部分

24、居住土地被“侵占”，而选项A“买与卖”，选项B“测量与勘测”，选项D“租用与共享”都不符合文章的原意。86.Which of the following can account for a large part of the high American mobility rate? ADivorce and morality. BExpansion of industry and commerce. CChanges in the labour force. DNone of the above.参考答案 D  您的答案&#

25、160;  得分 0详细解答本题为要点推论题，由第四段的末句以及文章的最后一句话可以排除选项A与选项C；而根据第二段第三句话，选项B亦可被排除，所以只有选项D为正确答案。87.The word "consequence" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _. A"result" B"expression" C"form" D"subsequence"参考答案 A

26、0; 您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为词汇题，consequence意为“结果、重要性”，在文中用来表示“美国的工人经常更换工作，因此部分居住流动性可能会被看做是工作迁移所带来的结果”，因此result与consequence的意思最为接近。88.According to the fifth paragraph, Americans who change their jobs usually _. Aprefer small towns to big cities Bfeel reluctant to move more

27、 than several miles away Cthinks it worthwhile to move to a foreign country Ddislikes moving to faraway places参考答案 D  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题属于推论题，解题线索是文章第五段第四句话，“大约有四分之三的工作迁移并没有跨越国界，它们当中的大部分只是发生在小范围内”。这表明那些更换工作的美国人通常是不喜欢迁移到比较远的地方去的，故选项D为正确答案。 题 89

28、60;- 92 The purpose of the home was to rehabilitate patients as far as possible, so that they could face the harsh realities of life outside hospital. Most of them not only suffered from some form of nervous disease but had other handicaps as well. For most of them, the hospital had been their

29、refuge for some time and the idea of being rehabilitated was somewhat frightening. They doubted their own capabilities, and were nervous of the effort which would be required from them. The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which ar

30、ise from the patient's physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as independent as possible physically. It is in the research centre that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found a

31、stonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustomed to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving them the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this

32、extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation. While I was there, I was fortunate enough to be able to talk to a couple of patients who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suff

33、ered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary school. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. "But when I got here, I realized that there were still some things I could

34、 do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them," he said," Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You can't completely cure that kind of thing. But they'll pull me out of it, at least I know that now."89.The "home" in thi

35、s text refers to _. Athe hospital Bthe refuge camp Cthe research centre Dthe place away from reality参考答案 A  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，根据第一段首句后半部分“so that they could faceoutside hospital”所以前半部分应指inside hospital。home指的即是hospital，故选项A正确。90.What does th

36、e author mean by "rehabilitate"? Ato cure nervous diseases Bto overcome physical disabilities Cto adapt to a new situation Dto restore to a relatively normal life参考答案 D  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为词汇题，rehabilitate意为“使复原”，在文中病人面对的不仅是焦虑和疾病，还有身体不健

37、全带来的痛苦和不便，所以rehabilitate指身心均康复到正常生活状态，故选项D正确。91.The research unit aims to help people to _. Ainvent complete electronic equipment Bbecome physically independent Cgain confidence about themselves Dmaster difficult problems参考答案 B  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本

38、题为推断题，根据第二段首句，“医院包括一家研究机构，其主要项目是为病人重获自理能力而克服一些技术难题。”这表明研究机构想帮助病人摆脱依赖，故选项 B正确。92.What is true about the teacher mentioned in Paragraph 3? AHe was recovered from paralysis. BHe realized that he was luckier than others. CHe thought highly of the rehabilitation place. DHe had a car a

39、ccident and almost killed himself.参考答案 C  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，解题线索为教师所说的话：医院帮助他康复，并且他意识到自己还可以做很多事情。所以该教师应该是对医院持赞扬态度。故选项C正确，其他选项均不能在原文中找出。 题 93 - 97 In no small measure, the epidemic of paranormal beliefs-beliefs beyond the range of scientific

40、explanation-is due to the rapid emergence of the mass media on a global scale. These media have virtually replaced the schools, colleges and universities as the chief conveyors of information. The days of the lone scientist conducting research in the lab or of the isolated scholar writing a paper or

41、 book for a limited audience have been bypassed. Today new ideas are popularized-whether half or fully baked-and they are broadcast far and wide even if they have not been sufficiently tested. Apparently the chief interests of most media corporations are entertainment rather than information, profit

42、 rather than truth, selling products rather than contributing to the sum of human knowledge. Accordingly, paranormal ideas are pandered to a gullible public and the line between fiction and reality is blurred. The public is often confronted with sensational accounts of hidden realms, and pseudoscien

43、ce is mistaken for genuine existence. Even reputable publishers prefer to publish books touting paranormal claims rather than dispassionate scientific critiques. Why is it that of the thousands of proastrology, pro-psychic, or pro-UFO books published, very few are sceptical7 "They don't sel

44、l," is the response of the hallelujah choir within the publishing industry-a sad commentary on our times. The skeptics thus have a vital role to play: to educate the public about the nature of science and to attempt to persuade media producers and directors that they have some responsibility to

45、 develop an appreciation for scientific rationality. One of the roles of CSICOP is to challenge the views of pseudoscience pouring forth daily from the media. It is clear that we cannot operate within the cloistered confines of the academy, but need to enter into the public arena. In monitoring the

46、media, we surely have not sought to center producers or publishers; we only wish for some balance on their part in presenting paranormal claims, and for some role for scepticism about theses claims. Largely because of the media, large sectors of public opinion simply assume that psychic powers are r

47、eal, that it is possible to modify material objects merely by the mind, that psychics can help detectives solve mysteries, and that we can abandon the clinical tests of medical science and heal patients by miraculous means. The number of paranormal, occult, and sci-fi television programs is increasi

48、ng. Our objection is that "docudramas" are not labelled as fictionalized accounts but touted as fact. In regard to the many talk shows that constantly deal with paranormal topics, the skeptical viewpoint is rarely heard; and when it is permitted to be expressed, it is usually sandbagged by

49、 the host or other guests.93.It can be inferred from the text that most people who have no doubts about paranormal phenomena are probably _. Aignorant of what life really is Benthusiastic about mass media Cinclined to believe things readily Dfond of psychic powers themselves参考答案&

50、#160;C  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，根据原文原意，没有对不正常现象有丝毫怀疑的人是不喜欢思考的人，他们更倾向于接受现有的事物，故选项C正确。94.Scientifically unexplained ideas are accepted widely because _. Athey have overwhelmed the world through media Bmass media have in fact functioned as schools Cscientists

51、do not write papers or books for a limited audience Dthe public are interested in ideas which are not fully tested参考答案 A  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，根据原文第一段第四句“Today new ideas”意为“当今新的思想无论是否经过考证，都会在媒体上广泛播出”。这表明媒体传播是造成科学上尚未作出解释的思想被接受的原因，所以选项A正确。95.According to the te

52、xt, the main function of media institutions should be _. Aentertaining the audience Bmaking profit Cselling information Deducating the public参考答案 D  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为要点推论题，根据原文第一段第五句“Apparently the chief interests of most media corporations”作者以

53、批评的眼光看待媒体的功用：娱乐大众，销售信息，获取利润，所以可以排除A，B，C三个选项。而选项D为教育公众，所以选项D正确。96.We can learn from the text that being a skeptic one may feel _. Aunable to play any roles Blike the lone voice in the wilderness Cit's easier to influence the public than the publishers Dthey have more responsib

54、ilities than the media参考答案 B  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，根据第二段最后一句“the skeptical viewpoint is rarely heard.”可以得出，持怀疑态度的人通常被冷落，所以选项B“like the lone voice in the wilderness”正确。97.CSICOP is probably an organization which aims at _. Adeveloping public appreciation for s

55、cience Bestablishing approaches to the examinations of unusual claims Cencouraging critical thinking among the reproducers or publishers Dmonitoring the media by presenting scientific proofs参考答案 A  您的答案   得分 0详细解答本题为推论题，根据第二段第二句，CSICOP的作用就是防止伪科学侵蚀媒体，

56、与第一句中“have some responsibility to develop an appreciation for scientific rationality”相呼应，故选项A正确。 题 98 - 101 Whether or not animals feel is not altogether an easy question to answer. A human being has direct awareness only of the pains which he himself suffers. Our knowledge of th

57、e pains even of other beings is only an inference from their words, and to a lesser extent their behaviour. Animals cannot tell us what they feel. We can, of course, study their bodily reactions to the kind of stimuli which would be painful to human beings and this has often been done. When such sti

58、muli are applied to animals their pupils dilate, their pulse rate and blood pressure rise, they may withdraw the stimulated limb and they may make struggling movements. Nevertheless it has been pointed out that none of these reactions can safely be taken as indication that the animal experiences pai

59、n because they can all be evoked when the parts of the body stimulated have been isolated from the higher nervous centres. Furthermore, when disease produces such an isolation in human beings the corresponding stimuli are painless. We must therefore look for other evidence as to the capacity of anim

60、als to experience pain. Basically, all the nervous elements which underlie the experience of pain by human beings are to be found in all mammalian vertebrates at least; this is hardly surprising as pain is a response to a potentially harmful stimulus and is therefore of great biological importance for survival. Is there any reason, then, for supposing that animals, though equipped with all the necessary neurological structure