情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习常用

1、情态动词表推测用法总结及专 项练习（可以直接使用，可编辑 优质资料，欢迎下载）情态动词表推测用法总结及专项练习1. can / could 用于表推测的用法(1) 从使用句型上看， can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不 用于肯定句， 而 could 可用于肯定句、 否定句和疑问句。 两者没有时 间上的差别，只是 could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如：It can ' t couldn ' t be那不可能是真的。What can could they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢 ?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可

2、能要去那儿。注：can有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的 可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示 “有时之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验 的教师也可能出错。She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形； 对正在进行的情况作推测， 后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测， 后接动词完成式。如：He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。He can ' t c

3、ouldn ' t have understc他d不可能理解了。Why does he know this? Can Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道 ? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗 ?(3) “ coul完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： 表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为 “本来可以 ”。如：I could have lent you the money . Why didn ' t you ask me?我本 来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出 ? 用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为 “本

4、来应该 ”。如：You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 表示 “差点儿就要 ”。如：I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。2. may / might 用于表推测的用法表示推测， 两者都可用， 只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定， 表 示的可能性更小。(1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑 问句时， may 通常不用于句首， 但可用于疑问句的句中 (如特殊疑问 句等)，而 might 尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会 改用其他句式(如用 could 等)。如：He may might

5、 know the answer. 他可能知道答案。He may might not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。And who may might she be? 那么她会是哪一位呢？(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形； 对正在进行的情况作推测， 后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测， 后接动词完成式。如：He may might tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。He may might be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。She may might have read it in the papers.

6、她可能在报上已读到过此事。(3) “migh完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法： 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的 是太危险了，我差点没命了。A lot of men died who might have been saved 很多人本来可以 获救的却死了。 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：You might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可更大You might at least have answered my

7、letter.你至少可以回我一封信嘛。3. must 表示推测的用法must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为 “一定会 ”肯“定会 ”，只用于肯 定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。 表示对现在或未来的情况作推测， 后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福 的女人了。No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。4. should have done 的用法should have done

8、 只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：一是 用于推测过去已经发生的情况， 二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生 的情况。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了 ! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。5. need have done 的用法need have done 结构主要用于否定句或疑问句， 一般不用于肯定句。用于否定

9、句时，表示本来不必做某事，但实际上却做了；用于疑 问句时，用于询问某一过去动作的必要性。如：You needn ' t have hurried. 你当时实在不必那么匆忙。She needn ' t have come in personaletter would have beenenough. 她本不必亲自来 写封信来就足够了。Need you have paid so much? 你当时真须要付那么多钱吗 ?Need they have sold the farm? 他们那时非得把农场卖掉不可 吗?历届 NMET 中表推测的情态动词的用法情态动词是中学英语学习中的一个重点

10、和难点， 也是高考的重点 考察内容之一。其中表示推测用法的情态动词在近几年的高考中更是 屡见不鲜。 现结合近几年的高考题目， 对表推测的情态动词的用法作 一归纳，希望对各位考生会有所帮助：【考例】 1. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite!A. may B. can C. must D. should(2003 年普通高等学校春季招生统一招生考试英语试题(安徽卷) ) 【分析】 Can,may,must 都可用来表示 ”推测 ”，但侧重点各有不同：May 常用来指 ”事实上的可能性

11、 ”，而 can 则表示一种 ”理论上的可能 性”例如：The railways may be improved.=It is possible that the railways will be improved. =Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the railways will be improved. 铁路可能会得到改进。（意味着已有具体的改进计划或方案。） The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved.铁路可以得到改进。（意思是铁路还不完善，尚有问题存在。） 理

12、论上的可能性 （can） 比事实上的可能性 （may） 更弱。 在一般的陈述句， can 与 sometimes 几乎相同，表示一种偶然的可 能性。比如：Even expert drivers can make mistakes. 甚至是很熟练的驾驶员 也可能会犯错。=Even expert drivers sometimes make mistakes.=It is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes. 因此，如果讲的是一种特殊情况， 不是一般情况， 就用 may, 试比较： Mr Reed looks pale.He may b

13、e ill.Mr Reed is in poor health.He can be ill at any time.Must 指逻辑必然 ,作“想必”、“准是”、“一定 ”解，用来表示我们对某 事有把握的推论或揣测。 （考虑到迹象如此， 再无别的结论 =It seemscerta in that).：They must be very tired now, for they have been working the whole morning. 他们现在一定是非常累了，因为他们整个上午都在工作。 析：填 C.must 。意思是 ”不出所料，当我告诉女儿要做的事时，她 准会去做相反的事。 ”【

14、考例】 1、 Mary _ be in Paris.I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.(NMET1994)A. mustn' t B.shouldn 't C.can 'tD.may not2、.-Is John coming by train? (NMET 2002 Tianjing )-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A must B.can C.need D.may【分析】 May 用于否定时， not 不是否定 may ，而是否定句中的动 词，这一点与

15、 can 不同，试比较：He may not know the truth. 他可能不知道事情的真相。( =It is possible that he didn' t know the truth).He cannot know the truth. 他不可能知道事情的真相。 must 表示推测的这种用法通常用在肯定句中，在疑问句中常用can(可能)，在否定句中常用can'虾可能，不会是)，而不用mustn '。 例如：- Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be ? It must be Wang Hong.-

16、No, It can ' bte Wang Hong, because she left for Shanghaithis morning.-有人在敲门。会是谁呢？一定是王红 -不，不会是王红，因为她今天早晨就动身去上海了。因而 You must be joking. 在意义上相当于 You can't be serious.析：1、填C。意思是”玛丽不可能在巴黎。几分钟前我还看见她在镇 上。2、填D。意思是”-约翰会坐火车来吗？-应该会，但他可能不 会。他喜欢开车。 ”【考例】 1.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last

17、 winter. (NMET 2002Beijing )-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.won't be C.couldn't beD.mustn't be【分析】 Could,might 表示过去的可能性。I thought it might be true. 我本认为那是真的。He could be very unreasonable. 他有时可能毫不讲理。析：填C。它是对去年冬天所发生的事进行评价。【考例】 1.-Are you coming to Jeff's p

18、arty? (NMET 2000)-I 'm not sure.Igo to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might2.-Look!The clouds are gathering.-Yes.I'm afraid it be pouring down soon.A,can B,must C,should D,might分析】 could 和 might 表示现在的情况时，更带有不肯定性和慎重味道，构成礼貌或婉转说法，包含或许的意思：A:I wonder where Tom is. B:He may/might/co

19、uld be in the library.（Perhaps he is in the library.）因 此 在 wonder, fear,be afraid 等 后 接 的 从 句 中 , 通 常 用 may/might/could, 表达一种探询的观点：I was afraid you might be out of sorts. 我怕你可能心情不痛快。 假设性的可能和试探性的可能，也用 could 和 might ：Our team might still win the race.（ 可 以 意 译 为 ： It ispossible ,though unlikely,that）析

20、： 1、 2 均填 D.might【考例】 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How itbe that he was late for the opening ceremony?A canBshouldCmayDmust（2001 年上海普通高校春季招生考试试卷 ）【分析】表示推测的 may 通常不用于一般疑问句， 而要用 can 代替。 Can 用于一般疑问句时，还可表示惊讶或怀疑，意思是 ”（到底）可 能有这样的事吗？ ”，比如：“There is the doorbell.” Who can it be at this time of day?有人

21、按门铃。 ”这个时候到底会是谁呢？ ”Must 也偶尔用于疑问句： Must there be some good reason for the delay? 这个问句设想的是一个肯定的回答，可以解释为 ” Does there have to be some good reason may可用于特殊疑问句或 wh-从句，意思是”（到底）是”、”不知 是否”：I wonder what it may mean. 我不知道这究竟是什么意思。How old may his father be? 他父亲到底有多大年纪？ （比 How old is his father? 委婉的说法。）析：填 1、

22、A.can. （布什先生做什么事都很按时。他怎么可能会在开 幕式上迟到呢？）【考例】 1. Sorry I'm late. I have turned off the alarmclock and gone back to sleep again.（ 2000 年普通高等学校春季 招生考试 （北京、安徽卷 ）A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey. （N

23、MET95）A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have beenD.couldn't have been【分析】 “情态动词 have + -ed 分词”结构可以表示对已发生的事情 进行推测 , 就表示的可能性程度而言， must 最大， could 其次， may 更次之， might 最小。must + have + -ed 分词: 用于肯定句 , 表示推测过去某事 “肯定,一 定，准是 ”发生了。 其否定形式为： can't / couldn 't hav-eedv, 表 示过去不可能发生某事。 may

24、(might) + have + -ed 分词 : 用于肯 定句和其他否定句 , 表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测 , 意为 “可能, 大概”，其中might较may语气更弱，把握更小。Can/could用于否 定或疑问句中 ,表示对过去发生的事件的 “怀疑或不肯定 ”。 could 比 can 更表示说话人语气的不肯定。例如：I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it. 我一周 前就发出了那封信 , 想必他一定收到了。I can 't find my keys. I may / might have left th

25、em at t he school yesterday.Jack can't have arrived yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海 1997 )It couldn't have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China. 不太可能 是史密斯先生。他已去了中国。另外，注意 may 不可用于疑问句，它的这种功能已为 can 所取代。 例如 Can they have missed the bus? 的答句是： Yes,they may have done. 而不是 Yes,they c

26、an have done. 这一点要注意。Must 偶尔也能用于否定句： His absence must not have been noticed. 此句和 His absence can 't have been noticed. 的意思是一 样的。许多评论者认为这类句子是不可能成立的， 但它们正在为越我 来越多的人所接受和使用，在美国英语中尤其如此。 对正在发生的事情进行推测， 则采用 ”情态动词 +be+ 现在分词 ”结构， 其中情态动词的区别与上相同。析：答案A、D。can通常不用于肯定句表猜测；” should+have+ -ed 分词”表示”过去本来应该做 ”，但实际上

27、没有做，意思是 ”本 该.” 带有责备口气 ：l was really anxious about you.You shouldn ' t haveleft withouta word.(NMET2001) ; ” will+have+ -ed分词”只是将来完成时的一种形式。【考例】1t's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at anymome nt. (NMET95)A.mustB.n eedC.shouldD.ca n【分析】should(ought to)表示很可能、预期的意思，指一种尝试性 推论，可认为是must的语气较弱的

28、对应词，意思是”应该会、一定。 吧”。试比较：Our guests must be home by no w.(I am certa in 我们的客人现在一定到家了。(根据他们动身的时间、路程远近、速度等具体条件， 我能断定/肯定他们现在已经到家了。)Our guests should(ought to) be home by no w.( They probablyare,but I ' m not certain我们的客人现在该到家了。(含义是我想他 们很可能到家了，但我不能肯定”)与must不同还在于它常常表示将来：-When can I come for the photos?

29、I need them tomorrow after noon.-Theybe ready by 12:00. (NMET1998) A.can B.shouldC.might D.need表示不太可能可用 shoul dn't(oughtn 't to):There shouldn ' t(oughtn 'tot) be any difficulties. 不该有任何困难。析：填C。意思是”将近七点了。杰克很可能随时会到。” 另外， 在近几年的NMET中，对情态动词及其它语法项目的考查均放到一定 的语境中进行，要求考生利用所学英语各项基础知识进行初步的语言 运

30、用，而不再是单纯的语法知识题和短语题。 这类试题往往通过题干 的其他部分或附加句子提供某个信息， 然后让考生根据这个信息进行 合理推理，产生新的想法和认识。因此，在做这类题时，除要熟悉所 考查的语法规则外， 还要认真分析句子的结构， 注意抓住关键词， 分 析上下文的逻辑关系。不能单凭语法规则做题。巩固练习1.Michael _ be a policeman,for he's much too short.A.need't B.can't C.should D.may2.Johnny,you _ play with the knife.You _hurt youself.

31、 A.won't,can'tB. mustn't,may C.shouldn't,must D.cant't,shouldn't3.Peter _ B. may C.will D.must 4.Put on more clothes.You _ be taken feeling coldwith only a shirt on. A.must B.can C.could D.would 5.It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.

32、should D.can6.I didn't hear the phone.I _ asleep.A.must be B.must have beenC. should be D.should have been7.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived C.can't have arrived D.need not have arrived8.-there were already five people i

33、n the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been 9.He _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have givenD. may give10. Yesterday Jane waooked away fr

34、om the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something the would regret later. A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said11. There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustn't have hurried B.needn't have hurried C.should have written it out D.couldn't have hurried12. Tom ought not to _ me your secret,bu

35、t be meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.haven't told13.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I _ for her. A.had to wirte it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out14.If you had worked harder,you _. A.would succeed B.had succeededC. sh

36、ould succeed D.would have succeeded15.-If he _,he _that food. -luckily he wsa sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warrned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken16.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh,did you?Yo

37、u _ with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed17.Sorry I'm late.I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will18.-Shall I tell John about it? -No you _.I've told him already. A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn&#

38、39;t D.shouldn't19.The new airoprt _ if they had not stopped working on it. A.would complete B.had been completed C.had completed D.would have been completed20.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning.She _ at the meeting. A.mustn't have spoken B.shouldn't have spoken C.need

39、n't have spoken D.couldn't have spoken21.That young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A.could B.must C.would D.should 22.Susan _ written a report like this. A.can have B.mustn't have D.can't have D.ought to not have23.There wasd a lot of

40、 fun at yesterday's party.You _ come,but why didn't you? A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have 答案及 难点解析1.B 2.B must n't表示 禁止” may表示 不可能” 3.B can表 示“理论上的可能、普遍性的可能、当然的可能，并非说话人主观认 为可能，即并非猜测”故不可选A。4.A 5.C at any moment/minute 意为 “随时，马上 ”。6.B 由句中的时态可知是在对过去的事件进行推测，故用情态动词+have dona 7

41、.C由otherwise 一句可知说话人 对Jack没有来持确定的态度。除所给答案外，A也正确。8.D与7题相似，C也是正确的，意为 肯定不舒服” 9.A may不可表示过去 的事。 10.D 11.B 表示“当时本没必要那么匆忙 ”。12.A 13.C 14.D15.B 16.A 二人相遇的可能性不大。对过去情况的虚拟假设，注意要 用被动语态。据常识可知是在对过去的事进行推测。 23.D非谓语动词非谓 语动 词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句一般 式不 定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数 是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish 等。I want to go h

42、ome.I hope to see you.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多 数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾 语。I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry thin gs.一般 式动 名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed see ing the film.I am thinking of tak ing over the job.在动词 insist on; rely on; count on（相信）等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发 生。He in sisted on doing that work在

43、有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语 动词表示的动作先发生。I remember see ing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.一般 式分 词现 在 分 词持续性 动词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生。He stood there speak ing.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.终止性 动词说明分词表示的动作发生之后， 句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发 生。Enterin

44、g the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.过 去 分 词持续性 动词通常说明分词表示的动作，此句 中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.I can't find my lost pen.说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语 动词表示的动作并无先后。He is a pers on well-k nown in this coun try.代替完成式现在分词的被动语 态。Educate

45、d by the party, he became a brave fighter.完成 式不 定式说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前 发生。rm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it. He seemed to have known it.在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有 实现。We wished to

46、have done this.I expected to have left by the n.(=I had expected to heave by the n.)完成 式动 名词说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动 作先发生。We regret hav ing told you the n ews. After hav ing fini shed his work, he went home.He denied hav ing broke the glasses.完成说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的Having fini shed his work, he went home

47、.式分词Sitting down with him, we begun to discussit.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.非谓语动词的被动语态1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义非谓语 动词意义和用法例句不定式表示被动的意义The meeti ng is to be held n ext week. He wan ted to be sent to the hard area.有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区 别，具有“应该”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主 语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，女口：ni ce, easy, har

48、d, difficult, fit, suitable,good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。The box is not strong eno ugh to sta nd this.It's too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much rema ins to do.The text is hard to lear n.动名词表示被动的意义He in si

49、sted on being sent to the hard area.在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后，表示被动的意义My watch n eeds repairi ng.The book is worth readi ng.分词现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.Not hav ing bee n told, he did n't know where to start.过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expa nds.2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表

50、示被动意义的区别非谓语动词意义和用法例句般式现在分词含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表 示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词The pers on being criticized is our mon itor.元成式分词表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生， 一 般是瞬间动词Not hav ing bee n told about it, I don't know how to do it.过去分词具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中 谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成 式的被动词态可互换。Give n more time,（二Hav ing bee n given） I can d

51、o it much better.三非谓语动词的句法作用1.非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词句子成分不定式动名词分词主语VV宾语直接宾语VV短语动词宾语VV宾语补语VVV介词宾语V形容词宾语VV表语VVV定语VVV状语VV同谓语VV插入语VV2.非谓语动词作主语非谓语动 词意义和用法例句不定式动词不定式表示比较具体的意义， 经常和特定的动作和执行者联系 起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有 时表示将要发生的动作。To master a foreig n Ian guage is no easy job. To do it well is my earn est desireTo see this

52、 film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the questi on动 词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见 的另一种形式是在句首用先行代 词it作形式主语，而将动词不定 式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主 语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容 词，动词和名词1）形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：importa nt,difficult, easy hard possible）It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reas on able to do it this way.It appears l

53、ikely for them to arrive.2）动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It did n't occur to me to ask him to help me.3）名词作表语It seems a pity to

54、waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和 经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互 换Collect ing stamps is a good hobby. Swimmi ng is a best sport in summer. There is no telli ng what will happe n. There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.动名词动名词短语作

55、主语时，常见的另一 种形式是在句首用先行代词it作 形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓 语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式 是一些特定形容词和名词1）形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile）It is nice talk ing to you.It's foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2）名词作表语It's waste of time doing this.It's no good （use）doing that.It's an awful jo

56、b doing this.It's fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3.非谓语动词作宾语成分非谓语动词意义和用法例句直 接 宾 语不定式不定式的逻辑主语一 般同谓语动词的主语 一致I want to read a no vel.用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arran ge, ask, choose, claim, decide, decli ne, dema nd, desire, determ ine, expect, hope, lear n, man ag

57、e, offer, prete nd, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threate n, wish.有时兵语省略不疋式符号（常见的有：let fall, letpass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon.He made believe he was correct.动词不定式（短语）作 宾语时，如其后有补足 语，则可以用先行语 it作形式宾语，而将 动词不定式（短语）后 移作直接宾语He found it n ecessary to work hard at En glish. 用于该形式的常见的动词有：ack no wledge, believe, con sider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fan cy, feel, find, guess, imagi ne, udge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(th in k), un