西方经济学词汇(中英文对照)

1、2. Macroeconomics 宏观经济学3. Primary sector 第一产业4. Secondary sector 第二产业5. Tertiary sector 第三产业6. Opportunity cost 机会成本7. Scarcity 稀缺8. Production possibility frontier 生产可能性边界9. Production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线10. Factors of production 生产要素11. Demand 需求12. Demand curve 需求曲线13. Supply 供给14. Supply c

2、urve 供给曲线15. Marginal utility边际效用16. Total utility总效用17. Elasticity 弹性18. Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性19. Cross elasticity of demand 需求的交叉弹性20. Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性21. Equilibrium 均衡22. Equilibrium price 均衡价格23. Short run短期24. Long run长期25. Consumer surplus消费者剩余26. Producer surp

3、lus生产者剩余27. Externalities 外部性28. negative externalities 负的外部性29. positive externalities 正的外部性30. the law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减规律 31. budget line 预算线32. Marginal 边际33. Marginal cost 边际成本34. Marginal revenue边际收益35. Merit goods 有益品36. Demerit goods 有害品37. public goods公共品38. quasi-publi

4、c goods 准公共品39. private goods 私有品40. moral hazard 道德危险41. adverse selection 逆向选择42. Average 平均43. Average product 平均产量44. fixed costs 固定成本46. average costs 平均成本47. diseconomy of scale规模不经济48. specialization 专业化49. Cost minimization 成本最小化50. Input 投入51. Normal profit正常利润52. Abnormal profit超额利润53. Pro

5、ductive efficiency 生产效率54. Perfect competition完全竞争55. Monopoly 垄断56. barrier to entry 进入障碍57. Product differentiation差异产品58. Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争59. Price discrimination 价格歧视60. oligopoly 寡头61. Duopoly 双寡头62. Nash equilibrium纳什均衡63. Game theory 博弈论64. Marginal product of labour 劳动的边际产量65. D

6、emand for labour 对劳动力的需求66. Aggregate demand 总需求67. Marginal cost of labour 劳动的边际成本68. Elasticity of demand for labor 劳动力的需求弹性69. Paradox of thrift 节约悖论70. Price level 价格水平71. Trade unions 行会,商会72. Perfectly competitive labour market 完全竞争劳动力市场 73. Transfer earnings 转让收益74. Gross Domestic Product 国内生

7、产总值75. Gross National Product 国民生产总值76. money GDP 名义 GDP77. real GDP 实际 GDP78. Aggregate supply 总供给79. nominal value 名义价值80. real value 实际价值81. Injections 注入82. Withdrawals 漏出83. Consumption 消费84. budget deficit 预算赤字85. budget surplus 预算盈余86. balanced budget 均衡预算87. Keynesians 凯恩斯主义学派88. Monetarists

8、 货币主义学派89. Savings 储蓄90. average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向 91. average propensity to save 平均储蓄倾向 92. marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向 93. marginal propensity to save 边际储蓄倾向 94. Investment 投资95. government spending 政府支出96. export 出口97. import 进口98. Accelerator 加速器99. Interest 利息率100. The mult

9、iplier乘数101. Full employments完全就业102. balance of payments 国际收支平衡表103. deficit 赤字104. surplus 盈余105. Demand side policies 需求方面政策106. Supply side policies 供给方面政策107. Reflationary policies 再膨胀政策108. Deflationary policies 通货紧缩政策109. inflation 通货膨胀110. deflation 通货紧缩111. Inflationary gap通货膨胀缺口112. Deflat

10、ionary gap通货紧缩缺口113. Automatic stabilizer自动稳定器114. Expansionary police扩张政策115. Contractionary policy紧缩政策116. Keynesian fiscal policy凯恩斯财政政策117. fiscal policy 财政政策118. monetary policy 货币政策119. exchange policy 汇率政策120. liquidity trap 流动性陷进121. transaction motive 交易动机122. precautionary motive 预防动机123. speculative motive 投机动机124. cost-push inflation 成本推动型的通货膨胀 125. retail price index 零售价格指数126. redistribution of income 收入再分配127. new classical 新古典主义128. absolute advantage 绝对优势129. comparative advantage相对优势130. free trade自由贸易131. economies of scale规模经济132. quotas 配额133. exchange controls外汇管制 134.