精品}名词性从句课件

1、 Unit 1 The world of our sense Grammar Noun clause名词性从句名词性从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语itit代替，而本身代替，而本身

2、放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. Subject clause引导主语从句的连词主要有引导主语从句的连词主要有:一一.由由 that 引导的主从引导的主从:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ i

3、s known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) that 不作成分，无意义不作成分，无意义, 但不能省略但不能省略. 后接一个完整的后接一个完整的陈述句陈述句.That the earth is roundThat you missed the chancethatwhether疑问词疑问词注：that 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。That 引导的主从，常用形式主语it 代替，that 从句后移。That we need time is obvious.It is obvious that we need ti

4、me.2. What 引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。的东西What we need is time.What he said it is true.What 引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。What we need time.What he gave me are two books.is what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则则不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is

5、a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat2. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别Whether we will succeed is still a question.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 陈述语序陈述语序4. 疑问词引导的主语从句 what; which; who;

6、whom; when; where; why; how 原则:缺什么补什么缺什么补什么What he said at the meeting surprised us.Who will win the game is not clear.Where he will go is unknown.AEx.CA 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1) 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),

7、 例如：例如： I heard that he joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如： Our success depends

8、upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. I am sure (that) he will win the game.4. it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。中。 例如：例如： We thoug

9、ht it good news that the fog had finally gone. We believe he is honest. I told him I would come back soon.thatif/whether疑问词疑问词.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.if 和和whether 的选用的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用二者都可用;2)Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if;1. 主语从句不

10、能用主语从句不能用ifWhether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句不能用表语从句不能用if，如：，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位语从句不能用同位语从句不能用if，如：，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 从句作介词的宾语不能用从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whet

11、her we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if 如：如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.6.Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on

12、_ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句I dont know what I should do.I dont know where he lives.I dont know where hell visit. 1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterd

13、ay. 2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 3. The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if 4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. whatwhowhatCBdoubt 用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whetherI doubt whether he will come tomor

14、row.Doubt 用于否定句，疑问句，用thatI dont doubt that he will come tomorrow.Do you doubt that?5. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用：Suggest, insist, require, order,request, demand, propose, advice +that 主+should+V原形，should可省略。 He suggested that a meeting should be held at once.He insisted that he not be sent to work in Tibet. We b

15、elieve he is honest.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine

16、 _when he heard the news. A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid BCD4.宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1）. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选从句谓语

17、可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday2）. He told me. I am preparing for the exam. He told me. I have left my hometown for many years. 3）

18、.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 The teacher told us _.He told me he was preparing for the exam.He told me he had left his hometown for many years.the earth is round1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how3.It _ he is late for class.A. may that B. might thatC. may be tha

19、t D. might be what4._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where6. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 表语从句在复合句中

20、作表语的名词性从句，放在系动表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可。可以接表语从句的连系动词有以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另外，常用的还有外，常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。等结构。例如：例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is _ we cant get the supp

21、ort of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythatthatwhether疑问词as if /as thoughbecausee.g.The trouble is that I have lost my key.The question is whether we can do it. Thats because

22、 we were in need of money at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .w虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用：w如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand, require, proposal, 等名词时等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.e.g. 他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. 1.The rea

23、son _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied如果主语为如果主语为reason,whythat表语从句连词只能用表语从句连词只能用thatHis suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.此规则同样适用于同位语从句1.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what2.The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when3

24、.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what4.My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to5._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B.

25、That; what C. What; because D. Why; that1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，修饰名词修饰名词fact, idea, news, order，suggestion,等的同位语从句由等的同位语从句由that 引导，不用引导，不用which, that 不可省。不可省。that疑问词疑问词whether1.The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A.should

26、 put forward B. put forwardC.should look forward D.looked forward2.The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B.would go C.go D.were allowed to goBC4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用：名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结

27、构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某作某个成分（主语或宾语）个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的，而同位语从句中的that是连词，是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词；同位语

28、从句是名词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一（第一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，（

29、同位语从句，that在句中不作在句中不作任何成分）任何成分）同位语：修饰名词的内容定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。The news that our team had won came.同位语从句The news that/which he heard was true.定语从句同位语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词) 充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”。同位语从句的that 一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常

30、可以省略that在同位语从句与定语从句的（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句, 作宾语作宾语, 可以省略）可以省略） （that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,在从句中不担在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略） 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别

31、下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I have no doubt that he will come soon. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同位语从句句 高考再现高考再现1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being a

32、ccepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,thatD. That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally

33、considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.whereDADBA6.(上海上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that

34、 B.which C. of which D.whatA1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything re

35、ady D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that

36、 Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted （想当然）（想当然）that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）（关心） for his classmate

37、s. A. and B. that C. was D. it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone1.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether2.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where3.The problem _ it is

38、 right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if4.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C. of which D.what5.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what综合运用：综合运用：The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.as/which2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round.As3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4. _ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without