2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第二部分第二讲主谓一致学案北师大版

1、第二讲主谓一致考什么；? 学什么一明确方向一备考省时高效全析考法1 .单句语法填空1. （2018 全国卷 I ）While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it （be） more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.解析：is根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly ,是第三人称单数,故填i

2、s。2. （2017 全国卷 I ）Fast food （be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：is本句中的主语是fast food ,是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填 is。3. （2016 全国卷 n ）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow （be） often acceptable.解析：is 主语

3、是 a Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”, 所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。n .单句改错1. （201 8 全国卷出 ）The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.解析：include includes 分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰 place ,关 系代词替代place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用

4、第三人称单数的形式。2. . （2016 浙江高考）He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.解析：was一were 从句中的主语是 we,为复数，故be动词应该用 were。3. （2014 全国卷n ）My dream school starts at 8： 30 a. m. and ends . My dream school look like a big garden.解析：100k - 100ks最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用 looks。4. （2014 辽宁高考

5、）The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.解析：have-has 句子的主语为"The early morning barking ",故谓语动词应用单数形式。5. （2014 陕西高考）Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky一they looked like rain ！ 解析：wasfwere 句中主语是"the arrows”,为复数形式，故 b

6、e动词应该用 were。 谨记规则（一 ）并列主语的主谓一致1当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and, both .and 连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但 and 连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如 the needle and thread, the fork and knife,iron and steel, mud and sand 等。Both tea and coffee are my favorites.The writer and professor, who I often refer to at t

7、he meetings, is popular among those people.6. 由each, every, no 修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。No sound and （no） voice has been heard for a long time.Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.7. 由 or, nor, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接并列主语时，谓语动

8、词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.4 there be, here be 后接几个并列名词时，谓语be 动词的数遵循就近原则。There is an orange and four bananas left.（二 ）数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1“ 分数 of/ 百分数of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/aquantity of 可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于 of 后名词

9、的数。但quantities of . 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.=Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.2 “ a great deal of/a large amount of 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但 large amounts of . 作主语，谓语动词用复数。A large amount of grain has

10、been eaten by birds.=Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.3 a number of, a variety of 修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of,the variety of 后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in our classis 50, and a number of them are fromHebei.A number of students have gone for an outing.4由kind, form,

11、type, species, portion, series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.(三 ) 其他情况的主谓一致1当主语后带有as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, togetherwith, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等连接 的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面

12、主语的单复数。The house, including the garden and the park,was sold.I think the boss, rather than the workers,was to blame for the loss.2在“one of 复数名词who/which/that ”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one 前面如果有the only/very 修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。This is one of the questions thathave been asked by the students.He is the only

13、one of the officers whowas invited to the ball.4 “ more than one/many a(n) 单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.4强调句it is/was . that/who .中，主句谓语总是用单数。It is he who tells us the news.5不定式、动词-ing 形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To obey the law i

14、s everyone's duty.Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.Why he did it was very clear.6由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of, a piece of, a kind of,a series of 等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。His trousers are too long to wear.This pair of glasses was

15、found in the bag.莹窘怎么考； 怎么解一 掌握*套路"解题有径可寻语法填空解题“ 3视角”1 .看主语人称，确定谓语动词形式2 .看充当主语的词(短语)，确定谓语动词形式(1)看到主语为动名词短语/to do不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式；(2)看到“分数/百分数+ of +名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词。3 .看到there be 等结构，要想到用就近一致原则据第1条解题1. The design on the back shows (show) the yellow-eyed penguin, one of the world 's

16、rarest penguins.2. Having traveled from China through Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, Belgium and France for 18 days, the train finally arrived in London.Inside the 68 containers were (be) household goods, clothing, cloth, bags and suitcases.据第2条解题3. Two-fifths of the land in that dist

17、rict _is_covered (cover) with trees now, about 80% of which were planted (plant) in the 1990s.4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers over the years.据第3条解题5. Not only Jasper but also his friends are (be) planning to go, because they have never be

18、en there before.6. There are (be) also many small universities with only a few hundred students.短文改错解题“ 3原则”1 .通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语 动词用复数。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中 先行词的数一致。(3)单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。等引起的并列主语时，谓

19、语动词的 主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as 数要与前面的主语保持一致。(5)复数形式单数意义的词，如 news, maths, plastics, physics作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。2 .通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集 体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有： family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience 等。(2)“分数/百分数/the majority + of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。3 .通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题由 either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but also .等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。据第1条解题1. Compared with online games, many traditional ga