人教版高中英语选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions-词汇篇(教师版)

1、第 5 讲 Inventors and inventions 词7匚篇1 .熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；2 .能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。一.重点词汇1. distinguish vt.& vi.辨别，区另ij；显示 的差别；使有所不同常用搭配：distinguish . from .把与.加以区分distinguish between . and.才巴 与.力口以区分distinguish oneself 使自 己与众不同；使自 己扬名distinguish sb. by .凭借辨认某人I can distinguish them at a distance.我在远处能够辨认出他们。C

2、an you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？Speech distinguishes man from the animals.说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。拓展：distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的常用搭配： be distinguished for因而著名Einstein was distinguished for his

3、originality.爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient的主语往往是物而不是人）常用搭配：be convenient to sb.对某人来说很方便be convenient for . 离很近，对.来说方便It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便Will 3 o ' clock be convenient for youM中对你来说方便吗？I ' m afraid this isn ' t a convenient moment 1或想球放时候见你恐怕不

4、大合适。Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。拓展:convenience n.方便,便利；便利设施常用搭配：at one ' s convenient某人方便的时候for convenience为了方便起见for the convenience of sb. = for one' 我onvenience起见3. expectation n.预料，期待，期望注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用 复数。常用搭配：beyond expectatio

5、n出乎意料（较预期的大或好）第5页/共11页in expectation of预料，期望，期待against expectations 与预期相反He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。I usually enjoy his films , but the latest one didn ' t come up to my expectations.我向来喜欢看他的影片，但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。拓展：expect vt.预料，预期；期望4. seize vt.抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；（强烈的感情、愿望

6、等）突然影响或控制（某人）常用搭配：seize sth. from sb.从某人那儿夺去某物seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机seize hold of 抓住She seized me by the wrist.她抓住了我的手腕。Panic seized us.我丁原恐万状。Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud.玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。5. valid adj.有效的，有根据的；正当的Your return ticket is valid for three mo

7、nths.你的返程票有效期是三个月。Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。Please provide a valid screen name.请输入有效的显示名。6. bear点拨：bear （bore, borne） vt.忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）常用搭配：can' t bear doing /to do受不了做某事（bear doing表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth.表示 次具体动作）bear in mind 牢记在心I couldn 

8、9; t bear to listen any longerso I left the room.我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor.你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。拓展：表示 忍受”的词和短语：stand/ tolerate/ p

9、ut up with 忍受，容忍 can ' t have sb. doing sth5能忍受某人做某事7. tap vt.& vi.轻打，轻拍，轻敲n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头常用搭配：tap at/on轻敲；轻拍The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。They won ' t hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!第2页/共11页你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！8. current点拨：curr

10、ent n.(水或气)流，电流；趋势She had to swim against the current.她必须逆着水流往上游。We had better go with the current of the times.我们最好跟上时代的潮流。Newspapers influence the current of t thought.报纸影响人们思维的方向。拓展：current adj.现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的currency n.通货， 货币；通用，流通current English 当代英语current money通用的货币This word is no longer in c

11、urrent use. 这个词现在已经不用了。The German currency is among the strongest in the world.德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。9. associate vt.联想， 把联想在一起；和来往常用搭配：associate.with与联系She associated happiness with having money.她把幸福和有钱联想至 U起。Her parents didn ' t like her associating with net friend的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。In our minds the Spri

12、ng Festival is associated with happy family reunions.在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。拓展：associate n.同伴；伙伴He is one of my associates at the store.他是我店里的位同事。10. practical adj.实际的，实践的， 可行的He is very practical he can make or mend almostganyt他很有实践经验 会制作或修理几乎任何东西。We have to be practical and buy only what we can a

13、fford.我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。拓展:practice / practise v.练习,实践practice n.实习；实践，练习We must put our plans into practice.我们必须把计划付诸于实践。You need more practice before you can play for our team.你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。You won' t become a good singer if you don' t practice/ practise.你不练习就成不了好歌手。二.重点短语1. now and th

14、en 时而，偶尔地( =occasionally)Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。拓展：every now and then 有时，时而，不时2. set out to do sth.开始做某事He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。拓展：set out for动身去某处set out动身3. set about doing sth.着

15、手，开始做（注意 about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）He set about learning Chinese at age ten （=at the age of ten）.他十岁时开始学中文。She set about her housework straight after breakfast.吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。4. call up给（）打电话（也可用 call sb. up）;使回想起Forgive me so early to call up you please.请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。The sound of happy laughter called

16、 up memories of his childhood.这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。拓展：与call有关的词组：call on 拜访（某人）call at 拜访（某地）call for 要求（=ask for）call off取消call in邀请，召集5. hang on不要挂断（电话）。点拨：hang on （ =hold on ,表示 坚持某一状态”，其中hang挂着，on表示持续地）1）握住不放He hung on until the rope broke.他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。2）坚持Although we are beaten , we must hang o

17、n.虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。3）（电话）不挂断The line is busy; would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？6. get through （through表示“from beginning to end ,强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）1）穿过；通过The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了, 过不去。2）读完；（使）理解；消化I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.会前我有一大

18、堆文件要浏览消化呢。3）（用电话）接通某人I rang you several times but wasn' t able to get through.我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。5） 用完， 花光He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。（此句中got through =used up 和 ran out of）7. out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱The vendor

19、 is out of order （=out of work） again. 这台自动售货机又坏了。It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark.他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。The boy s room waosut of order （=messy）. 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。拓展 : order n. 顺序，订购，命令in order 处于正常状况，情况良好8. dive into 迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins

20、.他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。点拨 : 1） beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路2） woods 原指 “树林 ”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。9. ring back/ ring off 回复电话 ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话Before I answered the telephone， he rang off. 我还没来得及回

21、答，他就挂断了。I ' ll ring you back when I get the answe我知道答案时，会给你回电话。拓展 : 打电话时用的其它词语：ring up/call up 打电话给 .ring round 四处打电话get through 打通电话hang on / hold the line 别挂断 answer the phone 接电话dial 拨（号）extension （电话）分机. 重点句型( 一 ). Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly ， wh

22、ich freezes when cooled.在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。点拨 : when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when 引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled1 .状语从句的省略（省略 主语+be”）需具备的条件:1 ）从句的谓语动词中有be；2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。2 . 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：1） if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句第 5页 /共 11页He won ' t go to the party unless （he is） invited.除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。

23、2） as, as if引导的条件状语从句Henry looked about as if （he is） looking for someone.亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。3） when, while , until/ till等引导的时间状语从句When （you are） in trouble , ask her for help.遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。4） although/ though , even if/ even though 等引导的让步状语从句She studies very hard though （she is） still rather weak.她尽管身体仍

24、非常虚弱，但学习十分努力。5） as, than引导的比较状语从句We finished the task two days earlier than （it had been） expected.我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。注意：before/ after是介词，省略形式用： before/ after+动词-ing形式。He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 治疗了段时间后他渐渐地康复了。（二）.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you

25、are truly an inventor.只有你得至 U这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。点拨：“ on网（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语.句式only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。但是：only修饰句子的主

26、语时不倒装。Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。1. （2019 高考）8. I ' ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens （立 即给我打电话）.答案：call me up immediately解析：句意：我要出去一下。万一有什么重要事，马上打我电话。考察 call的相关短语的用法。2. （2019 浙江高考）Listening is thus an active , not a p , behavior consisting of h

27、earing , understanding and remembering.答案：passive解析：根据not判断，应填active的反义词，"被动的"，所以为passive。3. （2019 江西高考 ）Anyway , we' re here now so let ' s some serious work.A. come up with B. get down toC. do away withD. live up to答案：B解析：此句考查短语辨析，A想出B开始认真做C废除D做到，根据句意选 Bo4. （2019 山东潍坊高二下）Snakes c

28、ome near the house now and then. We have to finding a第6页/共11页solution to driving them away.A. set aboutB. set downC. set outD. set up答案：A解析：句意：我们不得不着手找到方法把它们赶走。A、C开始，着手B写下，记下D建立；set about后接doing ,所以选 A。5. （20193胡d匕高考 ）I ' ve been trying to phone Charles all evening but there must be something wr

29、ong with the network ; I can ' t seem to .A.get throughB. get offC. get inD. get along答案：A解析：此题考查get的短语辨析，A通过B下车C收货D进展，相处；根据句意.我似乎无法接通， 所以选Ao一.根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用单词的正确形式完成句子。1. People who can ' t d between colors are said to be color-blind.2. An a change in the weather resulted in the breakout

30、of flu.3. We thought Mary would pass and John would fail , but contrary to e it was the other way round.4. Our new boss seemed a d and energetic leader.5. The cheque is not v if it is not signed by the finance director.6. He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d the number.7. Would it

31、be（方便）for you to pick me up at four o' clock and take me to the airport?8. Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about（当前发生的 ）events.9. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a （稳定的）environment.10. A（实际的）person does not spend

32、his money and time foolishly.Key: l.distinguish 2.abrupt3.expectations 4.dynamic 5.valid6.dialed7.convenient 8.current9. stable 10.practical巩固提高二.从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。call up;set about;in expectation of ； hang on ； out of order ；dive into ; get through ; ring off ; now and then; set out1. You s

33、hould the sea to find apearl.2. I ' m sorrybut I ' ve to now. I have a train to catch.3. I don ' t think of my hometown very mu ch only.4. As the Spring Festival was coming near ,he was quite eager to for his hometown.5. I dialed several times , but I just couldn ' t.6. He was overlo

34、oked when they choosing a new manager.第7页/共11页7. at your present job until you can get another.8. My clock was and woke me up at three this morning.9. The smell of the sea happy memories of my youth.10. We waited at the station her arrival.Key: 1.dive into 2.ring off 3.now and then 4.set out5.get th

35、rough6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in expectation of 一.单项选择1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds other animalscanbe traced to prehistorictimes.A. toB.betweenC. forD. from2. She can ' t to be laughed at though she is easyg.A. understandB.bearC. enjoyD. betray3. T

36、he military government hopes to control the of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.A. currentB. fashionC. measureD. flow4. When we plan our vacation , Mother often offers suggestion.A. carefulB. practicalC. effectiveD. acceptable5. I ' d better now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.Goo

37、d-bye.A. ring backB. ring upC. hold onD. ring off6. I should to those old photographs- they must be valuable.A. hang offB. hang upC. hang outD. hang on7. He tried his best, but he couldn ' t the college entrance exams last year.A. get throughB. get overC. get upD. get away8. When about the secre

38、t of his success , Spielberg said that he owed much of his success andhappiness to his wife and children.来源:1ZXXKA. askedB. being askedC. was asked D. asking9. His aunt ' s letters those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.A. call him onB. call him forC. call him up10.

39、 We have to finding a solution.A. set aboutB. set downC. set out11. If it is quite to you , I will visit you next Friday.A. convenientB. fairC. easyD. call him inD.set upD. comfortable第#页/共11页12. Only when the 1- war was over to his hometown.B. the young soldier returnedD. the young soldier did retu

40、rnA. did the young soldier returnC. returned the young soldier13. I wonder if I could use your telephone.A. I wonder howB. I don ' t wonderC. Sorry， it s out of orderD. No wonder ， here it is14. The thief was and turned over to a police station.A. seizedB. obtainedC. recoveredD. appealed15. They

41、 have a beer together ， talking about their separate life ， but not often.A. by and byB. now and thenC. all the timeD. more or lessKey: 1 -5 DBABD 6-10 DAACA11-15 AACAB一 . 单项选择1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. toB. betweenC. forD. f

42、rom2. I'd better now. The water is boiling in the kitchen. Good-bye.A. ring backB. ring upC. hold onD. ring off3. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our .A. chancesB. advantagesC. futuresD. expectations4. I don't think about my old friends very much ， only .A. now

43、and thenB. by and byC. step by stepD. more or less5. He tried his best，but he couldn't the college entrance exams last year.A. get throughB. get overC. get upD. get away6. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our .A. expectationsB. advantagesC. OpportunitiesD. contributions7

44、. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with open countryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. boundC. involvedD. associated8. It s ten years since the scientist on his life s work of discovering the valuable chemicalA. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up9. It started to rain so we the neares

45、t cafe and went on talking about our school life.A. called upB. separated fromC. dived intoD. set out10. Don t you think I have reasons for not supporting the proposals?A. validB. stableC. abruptD. stainlessKey: 1 -5 DDDAA 6-10 AACAB二 . 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、 B 、 C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Every pet owne

46、r loves his pet .There is no argument here.But when we asked our readers whether they would clone their beloved animals ， the responses were split almost down the middle . Of the 228 readers who answered it ， 108 would clone ，111 would not andnine weighed each side without offering an opinion .Clear

47、ly， from readers' response，this is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and eventual ( 最第 9页 /共 11页终的)sadness of owning a pet. It speaks，as well ， to people's widely differing expectations over thedeveloping scientific procedure ( 步骤 ).Most of the readers who favored the idea stron

48、gly believed it would produce at least a close copy of the original ； many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side ， however， held little hope that clone could truly recreate a pet ； many simply did not wish to go against the natural law of life and death.Both s

49、ides expressed equal love for their animals. More of them owned“ the best dog/cat in the woThey thought of their pets as their“ best friend ” or “ a member of the family ” . They told movipets' heroism， intelligence and selfless devotion.Little wonders the loss is so disturbing -and the cloning

50、so attractive.“ People become very close to theiranimals，and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member dies ， ” says GaryKowalski ， author of goodbye ， Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet.，“ For mecloning feels like an attempt to turn death awayIt&#

51、39;s understandable. Death is always painful. It's difficultto deal with. It's hard to accept.”But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seems to be at the heart of this problem.60. So far as the cloning of pets is concerned ， a recent survey shows that，of all pet owners ，.A. a lot more of them are for itB. a lot more of them are against itC. very few of them are willing to tell their opinionsD. about half of them are for it and the other half against it61. The expression “ ev