中考英语复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 专题十四 句子的种类课件

1、专题十四句子的种类专题十四句子的种类-2-3-4-考点1考点2陈叙句及疑问句 1.(2017天水中考)Dont you go to school by bike?.I walk to school every day.A.Yes,I dont B.No,I doC.Yes,I doD.No,I dont【解析】D考查否定一般疑问句。句意:你没骑自行车上学吗?不,我没有。我每天步行去上学。事实上是肯定的用yes回答,事实上是否定的用no回答。根据答语可知,“我”不是骑自行车上学而是步行。故选D。-5-考点1考点22.(2017白银中考) have you stayed in this city?

2、For more than 10 years.A.How far B.How soonC.How long D.How old【解析】C考查副词短语辨析。how far多远,常对距离、路程提问;how soon多久,对将来一段时间提问;how long 多久,多对一段时间提问;how old 多大,用来提问年龄。由答语“超过10年了。”可知问句对时间段进行提问。故选C。-6-考点1考点23.(2017随州中考)Is the mobile phone new or old?.I bought it only two days ago.A.Its old B.Its newC.Yes,it isD

3、.No,it isnt【解析】B考查疑问句。句意:这部手机是新的还是旧的?是新的,我只是两天前买的。根据问句中的Is和or可知为选择疑问句,不能用yes或no来回答,故排除C、D两项;结合答语中only two days ago可知强调手机是新的。故选B。-7-考点1考点24.(2017潍坊中考) is it from your home to your school?It is about 10 minutes ride.A.How longB.How soonC.How far D.How often【解析】C考查特殊疑问词。句意:从你家到学校多远?骑车大约10分钟。how long多久;

4、how soon多久以后;how far多远;how often多久一次。答语是距离,应用how far提问“多远”。故选C。-8-考点1考点25.(2017烟台中考)?She is of medium height with two blue eyes.A.How is RitaB.What does Rita likeC.What does Rita look like D.How do you like Rita【解析】C考查疑问句辨析。句意:?她中等身高,蓝眼睛。How is Rita?用于问状况,意思是:Rita怎样?What does Rita like?用于问喜好。意思是:Rit

5、a喜欢什么?What does Rita look like?用于询问长相,意思是:Rita长的怎样?How do you like Rita?用于询问看法,意思是:你认为Rita怎样?答语是介绍长相的,问句应是询问长相的用语。故选C。 -9-考点1考点26.(2017呼和浩特中考)He doesnt speak English or Japanese,?.He speaks Chinese.A.does he;Yes,he doesnt B.doesnt he;No,he doesC.does he;No,he doesntD.does he;Yes,he does【解析】C考查反意疑问句等

6、及其答语。问句为一反意疑问句,主句为否定句,因此简单问句应为肯定形式;再结合答语中“他说汉语”,可知其不说英语和日语,因此第二个空白处应作否定回答,故选C。-10-考点1考点27.(2017上海中考)Do you know a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?I guess its about￥4,000.A.how fastB.how long C.how soon D.how much【解析】D考查疑问短语辨析。句意:你知道香港5日游花费 吗?我猜大约4000元。由答语中的about ￥4,000可知,上句应是询问价格。how fast多快,询问速度;how l

7、ong多长,询问时间段;how soon多久,对将来的时间提问;how much多少(钱),询问不可数名词的数量或金钱数目。故选D。 -11-考点1考点28.(2017孝感中考) will you ask for help when you are in trouble?My parents,I think.A.Who B.WhatC.WhereD.When【解析】A考查疑问词辨析。who谁;what什么;where哪里;when什么时候。句意:你遇到困难时将向谁寻求帮助?我想是我的父母吧。表示“谁”用疑问词who。故选A。-12-考点1考点29.(2017鄂州中考)He didnt go t

8、o school late yesterday,did he?,though it rained hard yesterday.A.No,he didntB.Yes,he didntC.Yes,he didD.No,he did【解析】A考查反意疑问句答语。句意:他昨天上学没有迟到,是吗?,尽管昨天雨下得很大。回答前否后肯类型的反意疑问句,肯定回答用yes(译成“不”),否定回答用no(译成“对”),但yes和no要译成和字面汉语相反的意义。根据答语后半句though it rained hard yesterday可知,尽管昨天雨下得很大,他上学还是没有迟到。应用否定回答。故选A。 -13-

9、考点1考点210.(2017北京中考) did you stop playing?Because I was tired.A.How B.WhyC.WhenD.Where【解析】B考查特殊疑问词的用法辨析。答语为“因为我累了。”可知上句是问原因。特殊疑问词why就是对原因提问,故选B。-14-考点1考点2一、陈述句的用法陈述句常用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等,有肯定和否定两种结构。其语序为主语在前,谓语在后,句末用句号。肯定句变否定句时,若肯定句中含有be动词、助动词、情态动词,只需在其后加not即可;若肯定句谓语动词是行为动词,则在行为动词前加助动词dont,doesnt或did

10、nt。Man cant live without water.没有水人类不能生存。She is not a teacher.她不是一名老师。He doesnt like driving.他不喜欢开车。-15-考点1考点2二、疑问句英语中的疑问句主要有四种,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。1.一般疑问句一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答,读时用升调。Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?-16-考点1考点2【注意】一般疑问句通常用什么词提问就用什么词回答,但以下情况例外:用其他词语代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得

11、客气、委婉。Can you come and go to the park with me?Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.你能来和我一起去公园吗?恐怕不行,我还有很多工作要做。-17-考点1考点2否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词加not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。Dont you hear of that?Yes,I do./No,I dont.你没有听说过那件事吗?(表示惊讶)不,我听说过。/是的,我没有听说过。对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。-18-考点1

12、考点22.特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。一般用降调,其回答不用yes或no。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。(1)疑问代词:可以对主语、表语、宾语提问,有what(对“事物”提问),who(对“人”提问),which(哪一个),whose(谁的),whom(对宾格“谁”提问)。Whom(Who)did you meet in the street yesterday?昨天你在街上遇见了谁?My classmate.我的同学。(2)疑问副词:用于对状语提问,有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么)和how(怎么样)等。Where are you from

13、?你来自哪里?Im from China.我来自中国。-19-考点1考点2(3)疑问词组:有how many/much(多少),how old(多大年纪),how soon(多快;多久以后),how long(多长),how far(多远),how often(多久一次)等。How long have you lived in the city?你在这个城市住了多久?Five years.五年。-20-考点1考点23.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种进行回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,其回答不能用yes或no,而是就其选择内容直接回答,

14、往往是一个完整的句子或其省略形式,其语调一般是前升后降。可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。(1)一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择的成分?Will you go to Paris this year or next year?你是今年还是明年去巴黎?Ill go there next year.我将在明年去。-21-考点1考点2(2)特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+被选择的成分(A)+or+被选择的成分(B)?Which is bigger,London or Washington?London.伦敦和华盛顿,哪一个更大一些?伦敦更大一些。-22-考点1考点2(B)1.(2017广东三模

15、)?Both look nice.Either will do.A.Do you prefer the blue tie to the yellow tieB.Which of the ties do you preferC.Do you prefer the blue tie or the yellow tieD.What color do you prefer your tie to be(A)2.Wang Xiaoli didnt go to school yesterday,did she?.Although she was ill.A.Yes,she didB.Yes,she did

16、ntC.No,she didntD.No,she did-23-考点1考点2(C)3. will the plane arrive?In twenty minutes.A.How longB.How oftenC.How soonD.How much(C)4.Betty is from England,?A.isnt Betty B.is sheC.isnt sheD.is Betty(A)5.I dont think she can speak Japanese,?A.can sheB.cant sheC.can youD.do you(A)6. are you going to the S

17、chool Uniform Exhibition,Amy?To learn about different styles of school uniform.A.Why B.WhereC.WhatD.Which-24-考点1考点2(C)7.Tom,make bed before breakfast,?All right,Mum.A.dont youB.doesnt heC.will youD.do you(B)8. is it from your home to Wenchang Hill?Its about 2 kilometers.A.How longB.How far C.How soo

18、nD.How often(B)9.What does Mary look like?.A.Shes well B.Shes tall C.Shes a doctor D.She likes dancing(A)10. is the population of your city,Ben?Im not sure.But I know its getting now.A.What;largerB.What;moreC.How much;largerD.How much;more-25-考点1考点2祈使句和感叹句 1.(2017广东中考)Aamir Khan played the part of a

19、 great father in the movie The Tale of Fatherly Love. excellent actor he is!A.What B.What aC.What anD.How【解析】C考查感叹句。感叹句结构:How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!What+a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!What+adj.+不可数名词/名词复数+主语+谓语!根据可数名词单数actor可知用what;又excellent以元音音素开头,应用an。故选C。 -26-考点1考点22.(2017达州中考) fine weather it is!Yes.Look! many p

20、eople are walking around the park.A.What,SoB.How,So C.How,Such D.What a,So【解析】A考查感叹句以及so和such的用法。第一句为感叹句,根据中心词weather为不可数名词,可知其结构为:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!且so many/much/few/litttle是固定搭配。故选A。3.(2017随州中考) important it is for kids to imagine freely!A.What B.HowC.How an D.What an【解析】B考查感叹句。句意:让孩子们自由地想象是多么重

21、要啊!主谓部分为it is,故感叹部分为 important,感叹句中常用how修饰形容词或副词,故选B。 -27-考点1考点24.(2017连云港中考) delicious food you served us tonight!Thank you very much!Im glad that you enjoyed it.A.How B.How aC.WhatD.What a【解析】C考查感叹句。句意:今晚你给我们提供了多么美味的食物呀!非常感谢。我非常高兴你喜欢它。对名词感叹用what,又food是不可数名词,其前不加a或an。故选C。-28-考点1考点25.(2017宿迁中考)Have

22、you heard that Lin Tao saved his neighbour from a big fire last night?Yes. brave young man he is!A.How B.How aC.What D.What a【解析】D考查感叹句。句意:你听说了昨天晚上林涛从大火里救出他邻居的事情吗?听说了。多么勇敢的人啊!题干中感叹句的中心词是名词man,要用what引导感叹句,man是可数名词,用不定冠词a。-29-考点1考点26.(2017盐城中考) fine weather it is!Lets go on a picnic!A.What a B.WhatC.H

23、owD.How a【解析】B考查感叹句用法。句意:多么好的天气!让我们去野炊吧。感叹句的两种句型是:What(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!或者How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!该句强调的部分fine weather为adj.+n.,且weather 为不可数名词,其前不可用冠词a/an修饰,故选B。-30-考点1考点27.(2017十堰中考)Ma Long won the mens singles final match at the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships. exciting news it is!A.What B.Wha

24、t a C.What an D.How【解析】A考查感叹句。句意:在2017年世界乒乓球锦标赛中马龙在男子单打决赛中获胜。多么激动人心的消息啊!主谓部分为it is,感叹部分为名词短语exciting news,且为不可数名词,故用what修饰。故选A。-31-考点1考点28.(2017西宁中考) excellent work you have done!Its very kind of you to say so.A.What B.HowC.What an D.How an【解析】A考查感叹句。感叹句有两种基本句型:(1)What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!(2)How+形容词

25、/副词+主语+谓语!本题的中心词是名词work,需用what引导,因work为不可数名词,其前不能加冠词。故选A。9.(2017长沙中考) carefully,please!Look at the road sign.There is a school ahead.A.Drive B.To driveC.Driving【解析】A考查祈使句。句意:请认真点!看那个路标,前面有个学校。祈使句以动词原形开头,故选A。-32-考点1考点210.(2017永州中考)David, make trouble at school.A.cantB.dont C.doesnt【解析】B考查祈使句的用法。句意:大卫

26、,不要在学校惹麻烦。根据语境知,本句应是一种命令,这是一个祈使句,祈使句是用动词原形开头的,否定句用dont.。故选B。-33-考点1考点2一、祈使句祈使句是表示请求、命令、建议或劝告的句子。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句尾用句号或感叹号。1.祈使句的结构(1)肯定的祈使句:以动词原形开头Put away your things.把你的东西收起来。Lets have another try.让我们再试试。-34-考点1考点2(2)否定的祈使句否定的祈使句有两种:Dont+动词原形。Dont let him go out.不要让他出去。Lets+not+动词原形。Lets not stay

27、here.Its too cold.我们不要待在这儿。这儿太冷了。-35-考点1考点22.祈使句中需要注意的一些情况(1)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do,表示“务必,一定”。Do stop talking!请停止讲话!(2)有时为了表示委婉语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾时要用逗号隔开。Please sit down.=Sit down,please.请坐。(3)在意思较为明显的情况下,可把谓语动词省去。This way,please.请这边走。(4)某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号,也可作为祈使句使用。Hands up!请举手!-36-考点1考点2二、感

28、叹句感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式,用how和what引导。how和what所修饰的词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序。在口语中主语和谓语常省略。句末用感叹号,朗读时用降调。1.what引导的感叹句what作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修饰语。其结构为:(1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What a fine day (it is)!多么好的天气啊!(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What big apples (these are)!这些是多么大的苹果呀!(3)What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!What fin

29、e weather (it is)!多好的天气啊!-37-考点1考点22.how引导的感叹句(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语!How tall the girl is!那个女孩真高啊!How slowly he walks!他走得真慢啊!(2)How+主语+谓语!How time flies!时间过得真快呀!-38-考点1考点2(C)1.(2017广东一模)Please to lock the bike and leave it by the roadside so that others can use it.A.not forgetB.not to forgetC.dont forg

30、etD.forget(A)2.(2017广东二模)According to the news,a 105-year-old man from Taiwan is now studying for a doctors degree.Never its too late to learn.He has set us a good example.A.sayB.to sayC.sayingD.said(A)3.(2017广东一模) awful weather we are having!Weve never had rainy days.A.What;suchB.What a;suchC.How a

31、;soD.How;so-39-考点1考点2(B)4.(2017广东二模) it is to do a bungee jump!I have a fear of heights.A.How terrible B.How excitingC.What terribleD.What exciting(A)5.(2017广东三模) big success our talent show was!All the performers gave a great show.A.What aB.What an C.HowD.What(D)6. amazing film they enjoyed on Chri

32、stmass Eve!A.How B.WhatC.What aD.What an(B)7.Wow!Well give him a warm welcome then.A.What an excited newsB.How exciting the news isC.What an exciting newsD.How excited the news is-40-考点1考点2(B)8. advice my teacher gave me!It has helped me a lot.A.What a usefulB.What usefulC.How useful D.How a useful(

33、D)9.Peter, play with the mobile phone while walking in the street.A.doesnt B.wont C.cant D.dont(D)10.“ exercise every day,my child.Its good for your health.” Father said to Mary.A.Takes B.To take C.Taking D.Take-41-【技巧1】 牢记固定句型简单句的基本句型各有特色,例如:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单附加问句”构成;感叹句由what或how引导;祈使句以动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的

34、各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。【典例透析1】 (2016临沂中考) do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?Hardly ever.A.How often B.How longC.How many D.How much【解析】how often“多久一次”,对频率提问;how long“多久”,对时间长短提问;how many“多少”,提问可数名词的数量;how much“多少”,提问不可数名词的数量或对价格提问。由答语“Hardly ever.”可知对频率提问。故选A。-42-【典例透析2】 (2016连云

35、港中考) heavy the rainstorm is!Yes,the town has experienced the most serious flood during the past ten years.A.How B.WhatC.How a D.What a【解析】考查感叹句。中心词是形容词heavy,所以要用how引导。故选A。-43-【技巧2】 语境分析法解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案带入题干,然后做出正确选择。【典例透析】 2016广东中考Tommy, play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.A.doB.dontC.must D.mustnt【解析】由后句“You may get hit by a car.”可判断上一句是告诫汤