高一《直接引语与间接引语一》

1、直接引语与间接引语知识精讲直接引语与间接引语知识精讲 v（一）概念介绍：直接引语是直接引述别人的原话。间接引语是转述别人所说的话。veg .He said , “ I am glad to have a chance to talk with you . ”（直接引语）vHe said that he was glad to have a chance to talk with me .（间接引语）v（二）转换方法：vA. 直接引语是陈述句时，改成间接引语要作人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼语等方面的变化。v1. 人称的变化，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。vHe sai

2、d , “ Ive left my book in your room . ” v他说：“我把我的书落在了你的房间。”vHe told me that he had left his book in my room . 他告诉我他把他的书落在了我的房间。vShe said , “ He will be busy . ” v她说，“他将很忙。”vShe said that he would be busy . 她说他将很忙。1.人称变化 (一般遵循这句顺口溜 “一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”)1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人

3、称。如：.They said, “We will go there by bus.”v They said they would go there by bus.She said “My sister wants to go with me.”v She said (that) her sister wanted to go with her.2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：.She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”v S

4、he asked me if I was interested in science.He said to Kate. How is your sister now?v He asked Kate how her sister was then.She said, “Your English is better than his.”v She told me that my English was better than his.3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：.His mother said to me, “He

5、 cant go to school.”v His mother told me that he couldnt go to school.Mr Smith said, Jacks brother is a good worker.v Mr Smith said Jacks brother was a good worker.2.时态变化1).时态需要变化的是：2).时态不需要变化的是：.一般现在时变一般过去时：v The girl said, “Im sorry for being late for class.”v The girl said that she was sorry for

6、being late for class.一般过去时变过去完成时：v He said to me, “I met your father.”v He told me that he had met my father.1).时态需要变化的是：.一般将来时变过去将来时：v She said, “He will go to see hifriend.”vShe said he would go to see his friend.现在完成时变过去完成时：v She said. “I have lost a pen.”v She said that she had lost a pen.现在进行时变

7、过去进行时：v She said to me, “Im studying Japanese these days.”6.过去完成时：v She said, “They had left when I arrived there.”v She said they had left when she arrived there.She told me that she was studying Japanese those days.v2. 时态变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，若将直接引语变成间接引语，时态则有如下变化。v直接引语变为间接引语v一般现在时改为一般过去时v现在进行时改为过去进行

8、时v现在完成时改为过去完成时v一般过去时改为过去完成时v过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）v一般将来时改为过去将来时2).时态不需要变化的是：a. 直接引语中是：直接引语中是：.客观真理：v “The earth goes around the sun.” said the teacher.v The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.有具体的过去年月日：v Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 21,1980.”3.情态动词没有过去时的形式（ought to, had better, used to)或已经是

9、过去时的形式时 (could, should, would, might)：v v Peter said. “You had better come have today.”v Peter said I had better go there that day.v Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.4.一般现在时(表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作)：v He said, “I get up at six every morning.”v He said he gets up at six every morning.He said , “I

10、 could swim when I was only six.” He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.过去完成时： She said, “They had left when I arrived there.” She said they had left when she arrived there.5.一般现在时(表示所述事实在当时和目前同样生效)： He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.” He said that he is a boy, not a girl.7.过去进行时：v Jack sai

11、d, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”v vJack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.一般将来时。如： She will say, “Ill do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it the next day.b. 主句时态(引号外句子)是：.一般现在时。如： He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he h

12、as finished his homework.v3. 时间状语的变化：v（1）nowthen（2）todaythat dayv（3）tonightthat night（4）this weekthat weekv（5）yesterdaythe day before（6）yesterday eveningthe evening beforev（7）last weekthe week before （8）three days agothree days beforev（9）tomorrowthe next / following dayv（10）tomorrow morningthe next

13、morningv（11）next weekthe next week（12）in two monthstwo months afterv（13）the day after tomorrowtwo days laterv（1）They said , “ we are having an exam now . ” 他们说，“我们正在考试。”v They said that they were having an exam then . 他们说那时他们正在考试。v（2）John told me , “ About 5,000 people went to the concert yesterday

14、. ”v 约翰告诉我，“昨天大约有5000人去看音乐会了。”v John told me that about 5,000 people had been to the concert the day before .v 约翰告诉我头一天大约有5000人去看了音乐会。v（3）The farmer said , “ we will have a good harvest next year . ”v 农民说，“明年我们将会有个大丰收。”v The farmer said that they would have a good harvest the next year .v 农民说他们转年将会有

15、个大丰收。v 4. 地点状语的变化：vherethereveg .Mary said , “ we will have a press conference here tomorrow .”v玛丽说，“明天我们将在这里举办一个记者招待会。”vMary said that they would have a press conference there the next day .v玛丽说他们明天将在那里举办一个记者招待会。v5. 指示代词的变化：thisthat；thesethoseveg .（1）Mary said to me , “ You can take this book . ” 玛

16、丽说，“你可以拿这本书。”v Mary told me that I could take that book . 玛丽告诉我，我可以拿那本书。v（2）The teacher said to Jack , “ You must copy these new words three times .” v 老师对杰克说，“你必须把这些新单词抄三遍。”v The teacher told Jack that he had to copy those new words three times .v 老师告诉杰克他必须把那些新单词抄三遍。v 6. 动词的变化：comego；bringtakeveg .

17、（1）Uncle wang said , “ I will come to mend your machine next week . ”v 王叔叔说，“我下周将来修理你的机器。”v Uncle wang said that he would go to mend my machine the next week .v 王叔叔说他转过周来将去修理我的机器。v（2）Mary said , “ Every time I go to my aunts , I will bring some fresh fruit to her .”v 玛丽说，“每次我去我的姑姑家，我都要给她带一些新鲜的水果。”v

18、Mary said that every time she went to her aunts , She would take some fresh fruit to her . 玛丽说每一次她去她的姑姑家，她都要给她带一些新鲜的水果。vB. 直接引语是疑问句时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，同样地，主语的人称、时态、状语等也要做相应的变化。v 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether引导。v 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的特殊疑问词来作连词。v 主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。v 没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语。如me，him等。v 从句用陈述语序。veg .（1）He said , “ Do you understand ? ” v他问，“你理解吗？”v He asked me if / whether I understood . v他问我是否我理解了。v（2）He asked me , “ Which part of China impresses you most ? ”v 他问我，“中国的哪一个地方给你留下的印象最深刻？”v He asked me which part of China impressed me most .v 他问我中国的哪一个地方给我