第六讲：状语从句

1、状语从句状语从句 Adverbial Clause什么是状语？He speaks English very well. You are very beautiful.（）（）（）主语谓语宾语状语用来修饰用来修饰动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语状语。adverbial modifier (adv.)用作状语的通常是用作状语的通常是副词副词，介词介词短语短语，不定式不定式和和从句从句等。等。状语从句？u在复合句中表示的状语在复合句中表示的状语u可以用来修饰可以用来修饰谓语谓语（包括（包括非谓语动词）、非谓语动词）、定语定语、状状语语或整个句子。或

2、整个句子。 说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导When while as当他回到家的时候，我正在做饭我到了那边就给你打电话。一般情况下，从句的谓语动一般情况下，从句的谓语动词用词用“一般现在时一般现在时”表示表示“一般将来时一般将来时”，用，用“现在现在完成时完成时”表示表示“将来完成时将来完成时”I met her while I was at school.当当Tom 正在看电视的时候，他妻子正在看电视的时候，他妻子正在做饭。正在做饭。While Tom was watching TV,

3、his wife was cooking.地点状语从句表示地点、地点状语从句表示地点、 方位，方位， 这类从句这类从句通常由通常由wherewhere, , whereverwherever引导。引导。 u指具体地点时，从句可用于主句指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前之前或或之后之后； The house stood where the two roads meet.The house stood where the two roads meet.u表示抽象条件的含义时，必须放在表示抽象条件的含义时，必须放在主句之前主句之前。 Where there is a will, there is a

4、way.Where there is a will, there is a way.【注意注意】 “ “哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”；主句在从句后面时，主句在从句后面时，therethere可用可不用；如可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用therethere。You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 句型句型1：Where地点从句，（地点从句，（there）主句。主句。【注意注意】anywhereanywhere副词，但可引导从副词，但可引

5、导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, wherever, anywhereanywhere引导的从句引导的从句, ,可在主句之前或之后。可在主句之前或之后。 而而whereverwherever本身就本身就是个连词，表示是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处在何处，无论何处”。 句型句型2：Anywhere/ wherever地点从句，地点从句，主句。主句。Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。有海就有海员。 地点状地点状语语从句从句 vs.vs. 定定语语从句从句 where引导定语从句时，从句前应

6、有一个表示地引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作点的名词作先行词先行词；状语从句前则；状语从句前则无需先行词无需先行词。 Go back where you came from.(地点状语从句）地点状语从句）你从何处来到何处去。你从何处来到何处去。 Go back to the village where you came from.(定语从句，修饰定语从句，修饰villagevillage) 回到你来的那个村子里去。回到你来的那个村子里去。 1 We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B.

7、 while C. until D. before“当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了当我们正在湖里游泳的时候突然暴风雨开始了”， 表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时应采用表示主句的动作处于从句的动作突然发生时应采用whenwhen(while(while不适合用于这样的语境不适合用于这样的语境) )， whenwhen表示表示“当当的时候的时候”受限制条件最少。受限制条件最少。Your Topic Goes Herewherewhere引导定语从句，表示地点。引导定语从句，表示地点。 I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.

8、 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。 Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜. I asked her to stay to tea for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because, as, since, now that, considering

9、(that), seeing (that)等词引导。 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today ,because / for he

10、is ill. He must be ill for he is absent today. 3) as和for的区别： 通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句） I stay at home for the weather is cold.1. _he was ill, he didnt go to school.2._ you do not understand, I will explain again.3. He must be ill, _he is absent to

11、day.BecauseSincefor4. I eat potatoes _I like them. 我吃土豆是因为我喜欢土豆。5. _I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. 我由于不知道路，因而问警察。6. _you wont help me, Ill ask someone else. 你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮我。becauseAsSince条件状语从句 定义定义 由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状条件状语从句语从句。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在是主将从先原则)在英文中，条件

12、是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如，如果，除非”。 条件状语从句的位置条件状语从句的位置 可放在句首或句尾，放在句首时常用逗号与主句隔开。引导词： 常用引导词： if , unless 特殊引导词: as long as（除非；只要），supposing（假设），on condition that（条件是），in case（如果） If 引导词用法引导词用法 if 引导的条件句有：真实条件句和非真实条件句两种: 1.真实条件句：表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。 如: If you ask him, he will help you. 如

13、果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐。 注意注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态一般将来时态，从句要用一一般现在时态般现在时态主将从现原则主将从现原则，并且，切记紧跟着if的那句话是从句。） 2. 非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反 ，不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般

14、过去时或过去完成时。 如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。 If I were you, I would go with him. 如果我是你,我会和他一起去的。 完成下列句子 1。如果你请求他，他会帮你的 If you _him, he _ _you 2。如果她早点儿起床，就有时间在家里吃早餐 If she_ _a

15、 little earlier, shell have time to eat breakfast at home. 3。如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。 If you_ the party ,you_ _ a great time. 4。如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐 If it _tomorrow, we _ _ for a picnic. 5。如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语 If you often _ _English songs, you_ _English.目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句常由so that, in order that等词引导，目的状语从句常用助动词may

16、（might）, shall（should）, will（would）, can (could)。目的状语从句常放于主句之后，例： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。 He spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。They set out early _ they might arrive there in time. Take your raincoat _it should rain.The boy hid

17、himself behind the tree _his father should see him.so that (in order that)in casein case/for fear that4. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that5. Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you

18、have to wait. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，常用的关联词有：though, although, even though等。 Though he was ill, he was still working. 他虽然有病，但仍然继续工作。 Although it is difficult, we shall do it. 此事虽难，但我们还是要做。 Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，

19、我也不信。 注： though和although可以互换，只是although比较正式。 though不可以与连词but连用，但可以与yet，still连用，例： Though he worked hard, he couldnt pass the exam. 虽然他很努力，但还是没通过考试。 1. _he is old ,he works hard.2. _you say so,I dont believe it. 3. Smart _ he is ,he doesnt study hard. 4. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. A. ho

20、wever B. whatever C. whichever D. whereverAlthough / Though Even though (even if) as比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than或asas，the more the more等引导。than表示两者的比较，asas表示程度相同的比较；The morethe more表示” 越越”。例：That book is more interesting than this one. 那本书比这本有趣。He runs as fast as I （do）. 他和我跑得一样快。The more I see him , the les

21、s I like him. 我越看他就越不喜欢。注 比较状语从句后面的主语在口语中常用宾格。 如果后面的句子主语为主格时，可以加助动词、情态动词等。 He can jump higher than I can. 他能比我跳得高。 He came later than LiLei did. 他比李磊来得晚。1. He doesnt work so hard _you do.2.The more you worry, _youll succeed.3.She did worse in the test _she expected.asthe lessthan方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句由

22、as, as if , as though 等引导。例如: You can do it as what I just did. I couldnt moved my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor. He sounds as though he s got a sore throat.You must try to do _I did.2. The old lady treats the boy _he were her son.as if/thoughas目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句常由so that, in order that等词引导，目的状语从句常用助动词may（might）, shall（should）, will（would）, can (could)。目的状语从句常放于主句之后，例： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。 He spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。They set out early _ they might arrive there in time. T