新型聚合反应微乳1综述

1、n n n nnThe application ofMicroemulsionsMicroemulsions and and Micelles Micelles传统乳液的定义是珠滴直径在100010000纳米范围内，也有定义为大于100纳米的不透明非热力学稳定体系。常规聚合物乳液的粒径在100500纳米范围内，而聚合微乳液的分散相珠滴直径在10100纳米范围内。而纳米粒子是指粒度在1100纳米之间的粒子，因此，微乳液也称为纳米乳液。纳米乳液区别于传统乳液的一个显著特征是，纳米乳液结构的可变性。传统的乳液基本上可分为WO（油包水）型和OW（水包油）型两种，纳米乳液则可以连续地从WO型结构向OW型

2、结构转变。Nanoemulsion： ：纳米乳液纳米乳液聚合物乳液是一种高分子材料，是水性涂料的基料。 随着人们环保意识的不断提高和环保法规的日趋严格，水性涂料将成为21世纪世界涂料市场的主角，目前在我国也拥有巨大的市场。据不完全统计，我国工业涂料的年需求量在170万吨左右，其中可由水性工业防腐涂料替代的达100万吨，广泛应用在石油、化工、汽车、火车、船舶、冶金、五金交电、电力、建筑等各个领域。而目前这些领域所使用的几乎全部为溶剂型涂料，每年的有机溶剂挥发量达80万吨，资源浪费约合人民币30多亿元，不仅带来了巨大的环境危害，也浪费了大量的资源。如果用水性工业涂料替代传统涂料用量的13，将可节省

3、资源浪费价值10亿元。国产水性工业涂料的开发成功与推广，不仅具有极好的环境效益，也将具有巨大的经济效益。涂涂 料料以（聚氧乙烯大单体、）丙烯酰胺、阳离子单体和双丙烯酰胺为单体，采用反相微乳液四元共聚合制备新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺纳米微粒。主要研究了各种反应条件（如原料配比、引发体系、乳化体系等）对产物结构、絮凝（助留）性能的影响以及新型微粒絮凝体系的絮凝作用机理。微乳液核壳结构微乳液核壳结构Este Lauders Hydra Complete Multi-Level moisture eye gel creme is said to continuously deliver moisture t

4、o the skin. 化妆品方面应用化妆品方面应用： ：Drug delivery system由微小细囊包裹的维生素A及E，涂抹时才由小囊释放出来与维生素C结合，帮助皮肤抵御环境伤害,竹苗精华及麦胚油可使肌肤柔嫩光滑，防晒系数SPF15可隔离阳光，达到保护效果。The majority of 2-in-1 shampoos are based on insoluble silicone compounds suspended in an opacified shampoo, trimethylsilylamodimethicone may be used to prepare clear

5、shampoo. It is available as a microemulsion with octoxynol-40, isolaureth-6 and glycerine and is readily dispersed in aqueous systems including shampoos and pump-spray conditioning mists. 护发品护发品The use of a nanoemulsion to deliver either recombinant proteins or inactivated organisms to a mucosal sur

6、face to produce an immune response has been demonstrated by Dr. James R. Baker, Jr. at the University of Michigan, School of Medicine. DescriptionThe nanoemulsion causes proteins applied to the mucosal surface to be adjuvanted, and it facilitates uptake by antigen presenting cells. Animals can be pr

7、otected against influenza ：after mucosal exposure to the virus mixed with theemulsion. Animals develop significant responses to HIV ：exposed to recombinant gp120 in nanoemulsion on their nasal mucosa. Additional research is ongoing to complete the proof of concept in animal trials for other vaccines

8、 including Hepatitis B and Anthrax. 粘膜疫苗生物方面应用生物方面应用纳米乳液粘膜疫苗功效纳米乳液粘膜疫苗功效The charts below show the efficacy of nanoemulsion musocal vaccines against virus: Immune Responses to Virus in Emulsion Pretreated AnimalsFigure 1: Bronchial IgG Anti-Influenza A Titer in Mice “Vaccinated” with Two Intranasal D

9、oses of Various Compounds纳米乳液抗菌性能CO2 microemulsions CO2 is environmentally benign, non-toxic, and is the second least expensive solvent available, next to water. Its use by industry has been limited because, by itself, it will dissolve only a small number of compounds having low polarity and low mol

10、ecular weight A microemulsion overcomes the major limitations of CO2 or other supercritical fluids by making it possible to dissolve highly polar, ionic, high molecular weight species. use of an environmentally benign, low cost solvent, with greatly reduced energy costs through efficient separations and reactions and through the minimization or elimination waste new solvent for a broad range of industrial reaction