高考英语总复习(人教版,全国通用)语法专项突破：特殊句式和主谓一致(共54张)

1、语法专项突破系列特殊句式和主谓一致特殊句式特殊句式考点考点1 倒装句的类型倒装句的类型类型类型1: 全部倒装全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前把全部谓语提到主语之前)例如例如: Out rushed a cat from under the table. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 类型类

2、型2: 部分倒装部分倒装(助动词助动词/系动词系动词be/情态动词提到主语前情态动词提到主语前)例如例如: Only in this way can you solve this problem. Never before have I seen such a moving film. Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. Tom do

3、esnt like bananas, neither/nor do I. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim. 【点津】【点津】(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副词置于句首等副词置于句首, 但主语为人称代词时但主语为人称代词时, 不用倒装。不用倒装。(2)only修饰主语置于句首时修饰主语置于句首时, 不能倒装。不能倒装。(3)若两个主语一致时若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上

4、观点则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装不能倒装, 此时此时so表示表示“的确如此的确如此”, 即用即用so+主语主语+助动词助动词/系动词系动词/情态动词。情态动词。(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用通常用“so it is with. . . ”或或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “不不, 也不也不”, 连接两个并列分连接两个并列分句时句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。(6)though引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句

5、时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。导让步状语从句时不能倒装。【典题印证】【典题印证】用适当的词填空用适当的词填空(2014陕西高考陕西高考)No soonerMo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 解题关键解题关键: no sooner. . . than. . . “一一就就”是一个固定搭配是一个固定搭配, 而且而且主句通常用过去完成时态主句通常用过去完成时态; no sooner置于句首时置于句首时, 其后用部分倒

6、装。其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为正常语序为这个句子转化为正常语序为: Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 。答案判定答案判定: 句意句意: 莫言一登上舞台莫言一登上舞台, 观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。故填观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。故填had。 【高考集训】【高考集训】用倒装结构完成句子用倒装结构完成句子1. (2014大纲版全国卷大纲版全国卷)_(护士不仅想要护士不仅想要)a pay increase, they want reduced hours

7、as well. 2. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ _(你才可以保持你才可以保持)good relationships with others. 3. (2013江苏高考江苏高考)“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “_(我我怀疑怀疑)that my father would come to my rescue. ”Not only do the nurses wantwillyou keepdid I doubt4. (2013辽宁高考辽宁高考)At no time

8、_(他们实际违他们实际违反反)the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. 5. (2013福建高考福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship _ (他意识到他意识到)the love we have for our families is important. did they actually breakdid herealize考点考点2 强调的强调的2种类型种类型1. 强调句强调句(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部可以对除谓

9、语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为分为“人人”时时, 可用可用that或或who, 其他情况下用其他情况下用that。*It was him that we met at the school gate. (2)在强调句中在强调句中, 当强调主语时当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时, 强调句结构须用强调句结构须用: It i

10、s. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态如原句的谓语动词是过去时态, 则强调句结构须用则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。*It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. (5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+其他其他成分。成

11、分。*Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? (6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 2. 谓语动词的强调谓语动词的强调(1)do/does/did+动词原形。动词原形。*Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助动词助动词do”也常用来表示强调也常用来表示强调, 一般意为一般意为“从来没有从来没有, 绝绝不不”。【点津】【点津

12、】强调句型与强调句型与3大从句的辨析大从句的辨析【典题印证】【典题印证】用适当的词填空用适当的词填空(2014福建高考福建高考)It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 解题关键解题关键: 先看本句是不是强调句型先看本句是不是强调句型: It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that+其其他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与与that去掉去掉, 来验证句子是来验证句子是不是

13、一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. ”成分完整成分完整, 由此可以断定本句是强调句型。由此可以断定本句是强调句型。答案判定答案判定: 句意句意: 是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。所是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。所以用以用that。 【高考集训】【高考集训】用强调句式完成句子用强调句式完成句子1. (2014四川高考四川高考)_(是因为是因为Jac

14、k上学迟到上学迟到)that Mr. Smith got angry? 2. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _(使生活愉快使生活愉快). Was it because Jack came late for schoolthat makes life happy3. (2013天津高考天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter _(她才提到自己的计划她才提到自己的计划). 4. (2013重庆高考重庆高考)

15、_(正是在当地正是在当地导游的帮助下导游的帮助下)that the mountain climber was rescued. that shementioned her own planIt was with the help of the local guide考点考点3 其他特殊句式其他特殊句式1. 省略句的省略句的5种类型种类型(1)宾语从句宾语从句: 引导宾语从句的从属连词引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词只有第一个连词that可省略。可省略。*He told

16、 me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语等作答语, 后面后面so与与not分别等于肯定和否定分别等于肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略。宾语从句可省略。*Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not rain). (2)定语从句定语从句: 在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词关系代词that, which, whom充充当宾语当宾语, 而且前面无介

17、词时可省略。而且前面无介词时可省略。*He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词后的定语从句常省略关系词that或或in which, the time后的定后的定语从句常省略关系词语从句常省略关系词that或或when。*I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. (3)状语从句状语从句: 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 且从句谓语中有且从句谓语中有be动词时动

18、词时, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。动词。*Though (they were) tired, they went on walking. (4)虚拟语气虚拟语气: 在虚拟条件句中在虚拟条件句中, 如含有如含有had, were, should, if可省略可省略, 句句子要用倒装。子要用倒装。*Were I (=If I were)twenty now, I would join the army. (5)动词不定式动词不定式: 不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略: a. 感官动词或使役动词感官动词或使役动词(如如feel, see, hear, noti

19、ce, let, make, have等等)后后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。*I heard someone sing in the next room. b. 在在do nothing but, cant help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略等句型中省略to。*He did nothing but wait all the time. 不定式省略不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符号使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式来代替整

20、个不定式, 常在常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后等后面。面。*I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. b. 在某些形容词在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符号等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。来代替整个不定式。*Will you join in the game? Id be glad to. c. 如果

21、不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留通常保留be, have和和have been。*Are you a sailor? No, but I used to be. 2. 祈使句祈使句【点津】【点津】祈使句祈使句+and+陈述句陈述句=If. . . , +主句主句祈使句祈使句+or+陈述句陈述句=If. . . not. . . , +主句主句3. 反意疑问句反意疑问句【点津】【点津】回答反意疑问句时回答反意疑问句时, 如果事实是肯定的如果事实是肯定的, 答语用答语用“Yes+肯定的肯定的简略句简略句”; 如果事实是否定的如果事实是否定的, 答语用答

22、语用“No+否定的简略句否定的简略句”。但陈述。但陈述部分是否定形式时部分是否定形式时, 答语中的答语中的Yes译成译成“不不”, 答语中的答语中的No译成译成“对对, 是的是的”。4. 感叹句感叹句(1)How +形容词形容词/副词副词+主语主语+谓语谓语! (2)How+形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主语主语+谓语谓语! (3)How+主语主语+谓语谓语! (4)What+a/an+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主语主语+谓语谓语! (5)What+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+主语主语+谓语谓语! (6)What+形容词形容词+复数名词复数名词+主语主

23、语+谓语谓语! (7)What+名词名词+主语主语+谓语谓语! 【典题印证】【典题印证】完成句子完成句子(2014福建高考福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, (如果曾经有的话如果曾经有的话), reaching 30in summer. 解题关键解题关键: 根据句中的关键词根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人宜人), rarely(极少极少)可知可知, 空格处表达的意思是空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于相当于if it(the tempe

24、rature)ever reached 30in summer。 【高考集训】【高考集训】根据语境或括号中的提示词完成句子根据语境或括号中的提示词完成句子1. (2014湖南高考湖南高考)_ (make)what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it. 2. (2014重庆高考重庆高考)I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your

25、 stay, _ you? 3. (2013湖南高考湖南高考)Every day _ (read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. Makedidntread4. (2013江西高考江西高考)If _ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 5. (2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was aske

26、d by the police not _. askedto主谓一致主谓一致【点津】【点津】(1)在定语从句中在定语从句中, 关系代词作主语关系代词作主语, 其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致致, 但但“one of+复数名词复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数, 而在而在“the(only/very)one of+复数名词复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中后面所接的定语从句中, 谓语动词谓语动词却用单数。却用单数。(2)当主语后有介词当主语后有介词with, together/along with, including, like, bu

27、t, except, other than, rather than和和as well as等时等时, 谓语动词应和前面的谓语动词应和前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。主语在人称和数上保持一致。(3)a quantity of/quantities of和和a(great, large)amount of/large amounts of后既可接可数名词后既可接可数名词, 也可接不可数名词也可接不可数名词, 其谓语动词视其谓语动词视quantity和和amount的单复数形式而定。的单复数形式而定。(4)若用若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句, 表

28、示两个不同表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念, 则谓语动词用单数则谓语动词用单数形式。形式。(5)many a, more than one后加可数名词的单数形式后加可数名词的单数形式, 谓语动词常用单谓语动词常用单数。数。(6)从句、不定式或动名词作主语时从句、不定式或动名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。但谓语动词通常用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句中引导的主语从句中, 谓语动词的形式要根据主语从句表示的意义谓语动词的形式要根据主语从句表示的意义是单数概念还是复数概念而定。是单数概念还是复数概念而定。【典题印证】【典题印

29、证】用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(2014湖南高考湖南高考)All we need(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 解题关键解题关键: 根据空格后的根据空格后的a small piece of land可知可知, 本句谓语动词的数本句谓语动词的数应该是单数应该是单数, 因为当因为当all, all of, half of, the rest of, most of及及“百分数或百分数或分数分数+of”等后接名词作主语时等后接名词作主语时, 句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而句子谓语动词形式根据其后的名词而定。而根据句中的定。而根据句中的All we need可知可