2015年电大开放教育学前教育（专科）《婴幼儿营养与保育》模拟试题及答案

1、电大开放教育学前教育（专科）婴幼儿营养与保育模拟试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分） 1、 在每日膳食中，动物性及豆类蛋白质不宜少于每日所需蛋白质总量的（）A、20%B、30%C、50%D、80%2、儿童在车辆穿行的地方总是爱自己走，如果成人抱起儿童，他们经常要发生哭闹，或者不依从成人的执拗行为，这一行为发生后，最好的办法是（）A、用其他条件吸引他，转移他的注意力B、用讲道理的方法说服C、威吓D、惩罚3、托儿所每班室外专用游戏场地不应小于（）A、40平米B、50平米C、60平米D、70平米4、婴幼儿的乳牙有几颗？（）A、16颗B、20颗C、24颗D、32颗5、 托儿所是 岁前儿童年的

2、集体保教机构（）A、1-2岁B、2-3岁C、3岁以前D、3-4岁6、中班儿童的思维具有（）A、直觉行动性B、具体形象性C、抽象概括性D、社会性 7、小班儿童高兴时很听话，不高兴时说什么也不听，喜欢哪位老师，那位老师组织的活动就特别爱参加等，体现了儿童行为的（）A、情绪性B、依赖性C、思维直觉性D、社会性8、小班儿童思维具有（）A、直觉行动性B、具体形象性C、抽象概括D、社会性9、2岁以前幼儿的主要教育方式是（）A、集体性游戏B、个别教育C、小组活动D、全体性活动10、幼儿园是对 岁的幼儿进行学龄前教育的事业机构（）A、2-4岁B、3-6岁C、4-6岁D、3-7岁二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15

3、分）1、婴幼呼吸系统的特点有（ ）A、婴幼鼻腔狭窄，容易发生鼻堵B、婴幼胸腔狭窄，肺活量小C、婴幼儿的呼吸以腹式呼吸为主D、肌肉容易疲劳，大肌肉发育早，小肌肉发育晚2、影响婴幼儿生长发育的因素包括（ ）A、先天遗传因素B、营养C、体育运动和劳动D、疾病3、幼儿园小班儿童的心理特点有哪些（ ）A、行为具有强烈的情绪性。B、爱模仿C、思维仍带直觉行动性，要依靠动作进行思维。D、思维具体形象，4、幼儿记忆方法有哪些（ ）A、复述B、背诵C、运动语言中介记忆D、记忆材料系统化。5、游戏对学前儿童发展的意义是什么（ ）A、满足儿童身体发展的需要B、给儿童带来积极积极愉快的情绪C、满足儿童交往的需要D、满

4、足幼儿好奇、好重复、好探索活动的愿望。三、简答题（每题10分，共50分）1、在幼儿面前，保育员为什么要注意自己的一言一行？2、情绪情感在幼儿心理发展中有什么作用？3、幼儿常用的记忆类型有哪些？4、幼儿认识世界的方式有什么特点？5、简述现代儿童观是什么？四、论述题（共15分） 影响婴幼儿生长发育的因素是什么？参考答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1、C 2、A 3、C 4、B 5、C 6、B 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1、ABC 2、ABCD 3、ABC 4、ABCD 5、ABCD三、简答题（每题10分，共50分）1、答：模仿是幼儿的主要学习方式，

5、成人许多行为方式、态度、语言和价值观，都作为榜样而被幼儿模仿。除了出于教育的目的有意识地提供的范型之外，儿童的大多数模仿是在无意识之中进行的。因此并不是成人所希望的语言和行为才会成为儿童仿习的榜样，为儿童所模仿学习，成人在儿童面前所表现出来的一切行为和态度、语言均有可能成为儿童模仿的对象。幼儿经常会表现出有些成人意想不到的模仿行为，使他们“大吃一惊”。因此，作为教师，要时刻自觉注意自己的言行，以对儿童心理、行为发展产生良好的影响。2、答：第一，情绪情感是幼儿心理活动和行为的激发者；第二，情绪情感影响幼儿智力活动的效果；第三，稳定的情绪状态构成幼儿的性格特征。3、答：答一，运动记忆，运动记忆是指

6、对自己的动作、身体运动及其系统的记忆。儿童最先出现的记忆就是运动记忆，如对吃奶进身体运动姿势形成的条件反射。运动记忆不仅出现得早，而且保持的时间比较长；第二，情绪记忆，情绪记忆是对体验过的情绪情感的记忆。情绪记忆也是儿童最早出现的一种记忆。幼儿喜欢什么，厌恶什么，依恋谁，害怕谁，往往都和他们早先的情感生活经验有关，是情绪记忆的结果；第三，形象记忆和语词记忆。形象记忆的内容是生动具体的事物或形象类材料；语词记忆的内容则是语言。儿童掌握语言之前，其记忆内容基本是具体事物的形象，随着语言活动的形成和发展，语词才逐渐成为记忆的内容。在幼儿的记忆中，形象记忆占主要地位。一般来说，将形象和语词结合起来，会

7、起到相互促进，提高记忆效果的作用。4、答：感知觉在幼儿认识活动中占主导地位，是幼儿认识世界的特点，随着年龄的增长，思维逐渐取而代之，成为认识活动的主宰5、答：第一，儿童是人，具有与成年人一样的一切基本权益，具有独立的人格；第二，儿童是一个全方位不断发展的“整体”的人，应遵重并满足儿童各种发展的需要；第三，儿童发展的个体差异性；第四，儿童具有巨大的发展潜能；第五，儿童具有主观能动性，在其发展过程中，起着积极主动的作用；第六，男女平等，不同性别的儿童应享有均等的机会和相同的权益，受到平等的对待。四、论述题（共15分） 答：第一，先天遗传因素，这对儿童年的生长发育有肯定的作用，决定了生长发育的可能范

8、围；第二，营养，营养丰富且平衡的膳食能促进生长发育，反这，营养缺乏的膳食不仅会影响发育，而且会导致疾病；第三，体育运动和劳动，体育运动和劳动是促进儿童身体发育和增加体质的重要因素，可以加快机体的新陈代谢，提高呼吸系统、运动系统和心血管的功能，尤其能使儿童的骨骼和肌肉都得到锻炼。第四，生活制度，合理安排有规律、有节奏的生活制度，可以保证儿童有足够的户外活动、适当的学习时间、定时进餐及育分的睡眠。第五，疾病，疾病可以干扰正常的能量代谢，尤其体温过高时，可使酶系统正常功能受到影响，使代谢率升高，并啬 各种营养物质的消耗。第六，生活环境，家庭中子女的多少，对儿童生长发育有一定影响。第七，季节，一般来说

9、，春季身高增长较快，秋季体重增长较快；第八，污染，包括大气、水和土壤。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it c

10、an also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As mo

11、st Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you'

12、60;ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough pr

13、eparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming "Golden Week" it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of th

14、e changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, "China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli". It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Si

15、no-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the

16、 year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner

17、 Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name "Haren Arxan" means "hot holy water" in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It

18、 is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country's largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot

19、miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and bloom

20、ing grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly

21、 green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream

22、that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they

23、were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and siste

24、r-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among t

25、hem was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, ma

26、rriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang's misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic sh

27、oes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, m

28、oved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty

29、 (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for

30、 lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival" or "Daughters' Festival." In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water i

31、nstead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for gene

32、rations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine's Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown da

33、y for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the "Chinese Valentine's Day." More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shi

34、ning bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying "Sales on Chinese Valentine's Day!" in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with

35、 their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. However mean your life is,meet it and live it ;do not shun it and call it hard names.It is not so bad as you are.It looks poorest when you are richest.The fault-finder will find faults in paradise.Love your life,poor a

36、s it is.You may perhaps have some pleasant,thrilling,glorious hourss,even in a poor-house.The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode;the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as conte

37、ntedly there,and have as cheering thoughts,as in a palace.The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving.Most think that they are above being supported by the town;but it often happens that they are not

38、above supporting themselves by dishonest means.which should be more disreputable.Cultivate poverty like a garden herb,like sage.Do not trouble yourself much to get new things,whether clothes or friends,Turn the old,return to them.Things do not change;we change.Sell your clothes and keep your thought

39、s. When we are born, we are unblemished. As we grow, we develop many complexities due to many influences in our lives. During childhood, we are repeatedly discouraged, chided, and in some cases, abused. As we grow older, we develop our own version of right and wrong. We create a world of our own.Our

40、 brain collects and retains all visual, auditory information from the moment we are born and to the smallest of the details. Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body, in billions, have their own memory. In other words, our body store both physiological and psychological memories. We are

41、 complex emotional beings in nature compared to any other living animal.Apparently, physical and psychological memories strongly influence our emotions! Interestingly, we can create, store, and release emotion like energy. Moreover, if we do not process our emotions properly and suppressed for long

42、time, they can find a way out violently and unexpectedly.Unfortunately, we carry our guilt throughout our lives effecting ever-increasing burden on our shoulders. We become heavy with guilt and anger for things we could or did not achieve, for things we cannot have, to cite few examples. Evidently, everyone carry his or her own sack of guilt and anger.One must question our nature of a