经济学原理ch01

1、CHAPTER 11. Choices must be made in the use of resourcesa. because they are in finite supply.b. because they are in finite demand.c. only if the resources are nonrenewable.d. because they are in infinite supply.2. The cost to an airline of letting its employees fly at no chargea. is zero.b. will dep

2、end on the value employees place upon travel.c. is greater during the Christmas holidays than most other times.d. depends on the alternatives open to the employees.3. Social security programs are aimed at making the distribution of resources in an economy morea. efficient.b. inefficient.c. equitable

3、.d. inequitable.4. The opportunity cost of building an additional parking lot at your school isa. the cost of concrete, labor, etc. used to build the lot.b. the value of the property and resources used at their next best alternative use.c. the value of the property and resources used at all of their

4、 alternative uses.d. infinite, and so we cannot estimate it.5. Suppose you are considering going to the movies, and you place a $12 value on your anticipated enjoyment of the movie. “The ticket price is $6 and you would be giving up two hours of work, where you earn $5 per hour. You would go toa. wo

5、rk; the opportunity cost of the movies exceeds the expected benefit.b. the movies; your incentive is the $6 excess expected benefit.c. the movies; your enjoyment will exceed the lost wages by $2.d. the movies; the benefit of $18 exceeds the lost wages.6. Metro North Railway is trying to decide wheth

6、er or not to run an additional train into New York City from New Haven, Connecticut at 8:15 a.m. The total cost of running trains between 8:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. is $45,000 and the expected revenues on any given day are $100,000 during this time period. The cost of running the additional train is $4

7、,000 and it is expected that revenues will rise to $103,500. Metro North shoulda. run the train because the total revenues are greater than the total costs.b. run the train because the firms revenues will rise.c. not run the train because the total costs are already too high.d. not run the train bec

8、ause the marginal cost of $4000 is greater than the marginal revenue of $3,500. 7. A proposed regulation to require infants traveling in airplanes to sit in approved safety seats was never adopted. If we think about how people respond to incentives, the most likely reason is thata. people would swit

9、ch from flying to driving, so the death rate would rise.b. the airline industry is a powerful lobby in Washington.c. it would require every seat in airplanes to be made wider so the infant seats would fit.d. the airlines threatened to bring a lawsuit against the government.8. A nations standard of l

10、iving can be increased bya. improvements in technology and international trade.b. improvements in technology but not international trade.c. international trade but not improvements in technology.d. neither international trade nor improvements in technology.9. In a market economy, the economic well-b

11、eing of society is the responsibility ofa. central planners.b. central bankers.c. government policymakers.d. no one; self-interested individuals bring about the well-being of society.10. An important element of the market process is thata. although people trade voluntarily, one party “wins” and the

12、other party “loses”.b. the government determines the extent of market activity in order for all parties to benefit.c. people are better off if they are self-sufficient than if they trade with others in the market.d. people trade voluntarily and all parties expect to benefit.11. Adam Smith argues in

13、the Wealth of Nations that an economy will produce more goods and services ifa. people act in the public interest than if they act selfishly.b. people act selfishly, than if the government directs economic activity.c. the government controls the use of the nations scarce resources.d. people ignore t

14、heir own interests and contribute to national wealth as a whole.12. If there is a way to change a situation so that at least some people gain while no one in the economy loses, the situation a. is economically inefficient.b. is economically efficient.c. is providing an inequitable distribution of re

15、sources to the community.d. is neither equitable nor efficient.13. Assume that there are spillover benefits associated with keeping cars in good mechanical conditions. Without government intervention (i.e., with a free market), we would expect people toa. give their cars too much maintenance.b. stop

16、 driving and start walking.c. subsidize each others car maintenance bills.d. not maintain their cars as much as they should.14. Suppose that Rebecca throws her soda bottle out the car window and it smashes on the road. Jim drives over the broken glass and gets a flat tire. Rebeccas soda consumption

17、has resulted ina. the production of a public good.b. an externality.c. monopoly power for Rebecca.d. greater efficiency in consumption.15. The market power that your schools bookstore has is now limited bya. new federal antitrust laws.b. public goods provided by the government.c. university policies

18、 against monopoly power.d. increased access to other booksellers provided by the internet.16. The Department of Justice recently brought suit against Microsoft for a. generating external costs.b. generating external benefits.c. creating excess market power for itself.d. providing public goods to the

19、 marketplace.17. The poor in the United States are disproportionately people whoa. have less than a high school education.b. have incomes that are essentially nonwage incomes.c. are families with over five children.d. live in cities.18. According to economists who emphasize the connection between pr

20、oductive contribution and economic reward, a more equal income distributiona. is fundamental to economic growth.b. always helps the poor in the long run.c. creates inefficiency.d. generates greater productivity.19. Inflation reducesa. the price level.b. employment.c. the money supply.d. the purchasi

21、ng power of money.20. The inflation rate isa. the price level.b. the average price of goods and services in an economy.c. the growth rate of the price level.d. the purchasing power of money.21. What caused the collapse of the German economy after World War I?a. Hyperinflation due to large amounts of

22、 currency printed.b. Too many returning soldiers taking jobs away from other people.c. Low interest rates caused too much investment.d. High business profits and racketeering.22. The long-run relationship between inflation and the growth rate of the money supplya. is unique to the United States.b. is a recent phenomenon.c. is quite different for industrialized countri